TB 179 - Residential Garage Fires Flashcards
Although garage fires are often approached as “routine” incidents, what poses significant risks to LAFD members?
Construction features
Hazardous fire loading
Potential for illegal residential conversions
When dealing with garage fires, members must thoughtfully and realistically consider whether to commit to which modes and whether to operate in which profiles?
Offensive or Defensive Mode
And
Rescue, Property or Exposure Profile
What are the two types of residential garages?
“Attached” or “Detached”
What is a stand alone independent structure often located at the rear of a property with the garage door exiting to a driveway or an alley?
Detached garage
In hillside areas, with ascending, descending, or cantilever homes, where may detached garage structures be located?
At street level with the residential structure behind
Attached garages are directly connected to what?
The residence they serve
What direction does the garage door on a attached garage face?
The street or have perpendicular vehicle access
Many attached garages feature a what between the garage and the dwelling, which provides a potential avenue for fire spread?
Connective door
On a attached garage fire, how may fire spread from the garage directly into the attic of the dwelling space or a second story?
Through a covered breezeway or other void space
Both attached and detached garages have the potential to have been converted for what?=
Residential use or for other purposes
Residential conversions complicate firefighting operations by increasing the likelihood of a what?
Potential life hazard
Both legal and illegal conversion may be difficult to recognize from where?
The exterior
According to TB 179 - Residential Garage Fires: What is a reliable method to identify residential conversions?
Lack of a garage door
Or
Presence of additional address numbering, including “1/2” addresses
According to TB 179 - Residential Garage Fires: Garages by nature are hazardous under fire conditions, besides housing an automobile, many garages are heavily loaded with what?
Flammable liquids
Compressed gases
Aerosols
Pesticides
Fertilizers
Variety of hazardous material and arrangements
According to TB 179 - Residential Garage Fires: Garage interiors are often unfinished and may have additional storage located where?
Above open or plywood-decked ceiling joists or collar beams
According to TB 179 - Residential Garage Fires: Garage roofs may be constructed of lumber with _____ dimensions than the associated residence, spaced further apart, and with a relatively low pitch
Smaller
According to TB 179 - Residential Garage Fires: A newer garage may feature what kind of roof system?
Lightweight truss
According to TB 179 - Residential Garage Fires: An interior fire can immediately place structural members and decking under demolition, creating unsafe conditions for a fire company attempting what?
Vertical Ventilation
According to TB 179 - Residential Garage Fires: While detached garage fires may expose and threaten adjacent structures, overhead electrical wires, or other objects, attached garages fires may also spread into the residential portion of the structure. This may occur as the result of what?
Open connective door or through the attached attic space
According to TB 179 - Residential Garage Fires: Attached garages are required to be separated from the dwelling unit and its attic space by what?
Fire-rated drywall
According to TB 179 - Residential Garage Fires: How is fire-rated drywall often comprised?
Electrical conduit
Plumbing or heating
Ventilation
Air conditioning (HVAC) components
According to TB 179 - Residential Garage Fires: What can happen to connective doors that would result in a door left ajar?
Blocked open by residents for ventilation or access
Or
May lack self-closing mechanisms
According to TB 179 - Residential Garage Fires: Fire sprinklers and smoke detectors are not generally required by the Fire Code in un finished and/or detached garages, delaying what?
Notification and providing no initial fire suppression activity
According to TB 179 - Residential Garage Fires: What can offer an above-average chance of ignition?
Powered tools
Vehicle storage
Exposed electrical wiring
Presence of illegal residential conversions
According to TB 179 - Residential Garage Fires: Chemical storage may present a what?
Hazardous materials (HAZMAT) challenge
According to TB 179 - Residential Garage Fires: It is imperative that the first-in Company Officers conduct a 360 survey of the involved building to determine what?
Garage’s type and use
Identify exposure problems
Unusual hazards
Any immediate rescue problems
According to TB 179 - Residential Garage Fires: The first arriving resource must:
-Give initial size-up to MFC
-Gathering more SA, announce any additional pertinent findings or needs in a updated (comprehensive) size-up
According to TB 179 - Residential Garage Fires: If a 360 survey is unable to be completed, the assigned officer attempt to visualize as much of the building as possible prior to what?
Prior to communicating this subsequent size-up
According to TB 179 - Residential Garage Fires: The decision to initiate an interior attack on the garage or to support it with vertical ventilation, should be made only after completing a risk analysis and addressing factors including?
-Garage type and occupancy status
-Fire involvement and burn time upon arrival
-Likelihood of occupants, and consideration of survivability based on observable conditions
-Fire load and presence of known or observed excessive storage or hazardous materials
-Priority of exposure protection, search and rescue, or other functions based on findings
According to TB 179 - Residential Garage Fires: Upon arrival what should determine firefighting line selection?
Volume of fire present
According to TB 179 - Residential Garage Fires: Responsible officers must ensure that the line selected will be sufficient to adequately reduce what?
BTU and extinguish the fire
According to TB 179 - Residential Garage Fires: While a 1 1/2” line may be sufficient, larger lines should not be overlooked when what?
Fire load and involvement indicates the need for more volume
According to TB 179 - Residential Garage Fires: Additional hand lines may be deployed to protect exposures and serve as a what?
Backup fire attack line as necessary
According to TB 179 - Residential Garage Fires: The fire attack company should consider developing their initial hose lay to reach where?
-Farthest portion involved garage
-any immediate exposures that may take precedence if the garage is well involved upon arrival
According to TB 179 - Residential Garage Fires: When addressing the fire through an overhead garage door, members must ensure that the door is what?
Propped open (pike pole, rubbish hook, etc.)
According to TB 179 - Residential Garage Fires: Another option than propping a overhead garage door open, is to what?
Cutting or removing the door
According to TB 179 - Residential Garage Fires: Efforts should be made to communicate locations where fire attack companies are operating in order to avoid what?
Opposing hose lines
According to TB 179 - Residential Garage Fires: A detached garage which is out-of-sight from the street may not experience the same level of upkeep as the associated structure, what should be always be a safety consideration?
Structural collapse (partial or complete)
According to TB 179 - Residential Garage Fires: Any observation of structural compromise must be clearly communicated to who?
IC and companies operating in the affected area
According to TB 179 - Residential Garage Fires: With a fire in a attached garage, the residence presents a what?
Immediate and potentially occupied exposure
According to TB 179 - Residential Garage Fires: What is the primary portal for fire spread into a residence and mandated to carry a fire rating?
Connective door
According to TB 179 - Residential Garage Fires: What are some primary consideration for the IC during a attached garage fire?
-Quickly applying water onto the bulk of the fire through the most accessible portal
-Company make entry into livable space through the front door to control portal
-Identify extension
According to TB 179 - Residential Garage Fires: Smoke showing from the residence upon arrival may indicate what?
Connective door to the garage has been left open
According to TB 179 - Residential Garage Fires: What will determine line selection and placement on attached garage fires?
Fire volume & extension
According to TB 179 - Residential Garage Fires: A fire with no involvement into the residence may result in initial firefighting line(s) being deployed where?
Only to the large garage door opening
According to TB 179 - Residential Garage Fires: A complete knockdown maybe be possible with no entry into the garage, and without the need for hose lines being deployed into the attached structure. This scenario, a connective door must either be what?
Not exist
Or
Must be verified to be closed
According to TB 179 - Residential Garage Fires: An attached garage fire with extension into the residence will require what?
Different strategy and tactics
According to TB 179 - Residential Garage Fires: A well involved garage space will require the rapid application of water to control it as the most significant what?
Heat generator
According to TB 179 - Residential Garage Fires: When the living space shows signs of involvement, the employed strategy must still include immediate attack o the garage fire while one or more firefighting lines are developed into the residence. These lines should enter through where and do what?
Enter through a front or side door to control the fire and prohibit its spread
According to TB 179 - Residential Garage Fires: In a attached garage fire where fire has spread into the living residence, initial efforts should begin where?
Bulk of the fire is found and work forward the connective door, goal of controlling the portal
According to TB 179 - Residential Garage Fires: When should the residential attic space be checked for extension?
As soon as practical
According to TB 179 - Residential Garage Fires: if fire has extended into the attic, additional _____ efforts will be necessary, coordinated with a firefighting line working in the attic space.
Salvage
According to TB 179 - Residential Garage Fires: What may be present providing access to the attic space and should be used to check for extension?
Drop ladder
According to TB 179 - Residential Garage Fires: What should be a primary concern for companies working in those areas, especially if the garage has been converted into living quarters?
Search of both the garage and attached residence
According to TB 179 - Residential Garage Fires: Early deployment of a _______ to the appropriate door of the residence may limit smoke damage inside, and assist with the search efforts?
Blower
According to TB 179 - Residential Garage Fires: The utilization of blowers will require _____ and ______ between companies to ensure that fire conditions are not negatively affected
Vigilance and clear communication
According to TB 179 - Residential Garage Fires: A “row’ of residential garages (not to be confused with covered carports) is often associated with what kind of developments?
Apartment complexes and bungalow-style developments
According to TB 179 - Residential Garage Fires: The interior walls on a row of residential garage, while possibly providing some structural support, lack fireproofing between the individual garage space and may feature what?
Common attic, or an open space toward the tops of these dividers
According to TB 179 - Residential Garage Fires: These types of garages - depending on the age - are oftentimes worn and dilapidated, and may be what even without fire impingement?
Structurally compromised
According to TB 179 - Residential Garage Fires: Although horizontal spread is a concern, vertical ventilation tactics should not be utilized after giving careful consideration to what and condition of these structures?
Constructions style
According to TB 179 - Residential Garage Fires: Vertical ventilation operations are inherently dangerous, on a residential garage fire, unfinished roof systems and heavy fire loading may pose what?
Additional risk to members
According to TB 179 - Residential Garage Fires: The decision to place a Truck Company on the roof of a garage to perform this function should not be a what?
Absolute
According to TB 179 - Residential Garage Fires: A risk analysis must be performed and vertical ventilation on a garage fire should be the what?
Exception, not the rule
According to TB 179 - Residential Garage Fires: Based on the small size of an average residential garage, an adequate ventilation hole, if needed, may be accomplished how, providing smoke and heat removal from the space.
Vertically or horizontally
According to TB 179 - Residential Garage Fires: When ventilated vertically, serious consideration must be given to construction and structural condition, the presence of a residential conversion and what else?
Fire load (if known), fire volume, and burn time
According to TB 179 - Residential Garage Fires: Extended time on the roof increases risk to firefighter and may be what?
Unnecessary if other options are available
According to TB 179 - Residential Garage Fires: Horizontal ventilation may be accomplished by opening or cutting the garage door, providing:
-effective ventilation
-improved visibility
-access to the seat of the fire
-greater survivability for occupants
-improved conditions for personnel
According to TB 179 - Residential Garage Fires: What can we use to create a desired horizontal opening in a wood, fiberglass or lightweight metal garage door?
Chainsaw or rotary saw
According to TB 179 - Residential Garage Fires: What remain key components to lifesaving efforts in any occupied structure?
Aggressive interior fire attack and coordinated vertical ventilation
According to TB 179 - Residential Garage Fires: During structure size-up, the ventilation team should “____” smoke from the roof, eaves, windows, doors, vents, and ventilators.
Read
According to TB 179 - Residential Garage Fires: While a legal conversion or ADU may no longer feature a garage door, a what may sometimes be encountered?
False Door
According to TB 179 - Residential Garage Fires: Smoke presenting from other orifices and not the garage door may indicate what?
Residential conversion or construction anomaly
According to TB 179 - Residential Garage Fires: If horizontal ventilation is attempted through the garage door, and a wall is encountered behind, members must be prepared to quickly what?
Change strategies
According to TB 179 - Residential Garage Fires: When life safety is not a concern, the IC must immediately shift from Rescue Profile to what, and match tactics accordingly
Property or Exposure Profile
According to TB 179 - Residential Garage Fires: What within a legally converted garage or ADU will generally afford ventilation teams the time necessary to operate on the roof.
Construction features
According to TB 179 - Residential Garage Fires: Vertical ventilation operations on any garage or conversion should still be considered what?
Dangerous
According to TB 179 - Residential Garage Fires: If deemed necessary, a safe ventilation operation may be performed from where?
Load-bearing wall
According to TB 179 - Residential Garage Fires: Particular care must be taken to remain on structural strong points, and to use solid basic operating principles such as thorough what?
Sounding with the appropriate tool and correct body positioning
According to TB 179 - Residential Garage Fires: When operating on the roof of a structure with fire in its attached garage, it is critical to remain aware of the transition point between what?
The residence and garage, which may not be obvious from above
According to TB 179 - Residential Garage Fires: Unfinished roof systems or individual components under direct flame impingement, may fail with what?
Minimal exposure
According to TB 179 - Residential Garage Fires: Vertical ventilation is not the preferred method on garage roofs supported by what?
Lightweight truss construction
According to TB 179 - Residential Garage Fires: Lightweight truss construction trusses may fail early with little or no warning. Storage above what adds weight, and may contribute to early failure.
Ceiling joists or collar beams
According to TB 179 - Residential Garage Fires: When vertical ventilation is employed, consider utilizing how many number of members on the roof necessary to conduct a safe operation
Least number of members
According to TB 179 - Residential Garage Fires: Companies operating on a garage roof may be working near what?
Overhead electrical wires or triplex
Hazard increased when lines exposed to fire
According to TB 179 - Residential Garage Fires: Roof teams must avoid placing heat holes over the uninvolved residence in order to avoid drawing the fire into an uninvolved attic space, causing unnecessary damage to the structure, or incurring grater costs for the homeowner when what?
Fire is confined strictly to an attached garage
According to TB 179 - Residential Garage Fires: A fully enclosed structure designed for automobile storage, which is free-standing, and completely separated from the associated residential structure?
Detached garage
According to TB 179 - Residential Garage Fires: A garage that is connected to a residential structure, generally sharing one or more walls, and oftentimes featuring direct access into the residence.
Attached Garage
According to TB 179 - Residential Garage Fires: Any of a variety of doors designed to accommodate vehicle entry. Common styles are sectional, roll-up, tilt-up, swinging, and sliding or “barn” style.
Garage Door
According to TB 179 - Residential Garage Fires: A swinging door allowing foot traffic into the garage exclusively from the building’s exterior.
Exterior Door
According to TB 179 - Residential Garage Fires: A swinging door that often exists between an attached garage and the residential portion of a structure
Connective Door
According to TB 179 - Residential Garage Fires: A garage that has been converted for residential or other use, in a manner consistent with applicable Fire and Building Codes. Also referred to as an “Accessory Dwelling Unit” (ADU) when conforming to that ordinance.
Legally Converted
According to TB 179 - Residential Garage Fires: A garage having undergone a conversion that has not been subject to inspection, which may or may not conform to the Fire and building Code
Illegally Converted
According to TB 179 - Residential Garage Fires: Construction featuring stud walls without the fire-resistive benefit of drywall. Walls and/or ceilings may be covered with combustible materials such as pegboard or paneling.
Unfinished
