Book 8 Driving Manual Flashcards
Who developed a drivers training program and drivers training manual?
IST and drivers training committee
What does the drivers training manual consist of? (4 parts)
Phase 1: classroom
Phase 2: drivers training course and driving rodeo
Class 1 (A) and 2 (B)drivers license
Video tapes
The drivers training program will be scheduled how many times a year by the division driver training coordinators and will be conducted in 2 different phases?
Once a year
Phase 1 will consist of how many classroom modules in the driver training manual and chapters 3, 4, and 22 from the AOTM?
8 modules
How many phases of the driving rodeo?
2 phases (1 for heavy apparatus, 1 for RAs)
The division driver training courses will consist of a predetermine route that will use the same basic criteria as the driving portion of what?
Apparatus operators and engineers practical exam
Members who presently maintain a class 2 (B) drivers license and do not complete the division driver training course and rodeo with a passing score will be re-examined within how many months?
3 months
Newly appointed members will be required to successfully complete both phase 1 and phase 2 of the driver training program in order to qualify for their initial what?
Class 2 (B) drivers license
The drivers training program shall be staffed by who within the department who have experience and expertise in teaching and evaluating a persons driving performance with both heavy and light apparatus?
Officers
Who from each division on each platoon shall be assigned the responsibility of the division driver training coordinator?
A captain II
Who from each battalion, on each platoon shall be assigned the responsibility of battalion driver training instructor?
A captain
The annual drivers training program shall be staffed by who?
3 officers (division driver training coordinator and/or battalion driver training instructors), a task force and appropriate EMS district supervisor
Who shall evaluate members driving performance during the division driver training course and coordinate the driving rodeos?
Division driver training coordinator/battalion driver, training instructors
Who developed a comprehensive derived training program and drivers training manual?
IST in conjunction with drivers training committee
Motor vehicle deaths occur more frequently in what areas?
Rural areas
More than how many deaths occur in urban places?
1/3
According to the national highway traffic safety administration, safety belts are what percent range effective in preventing fatalities and injuries?
50 to 65 percent
How many lives could be saved annually if all passenger car occupants used safety belts at all times?
12,000 to 16,000
If airbags were installed in all passenger cars for driver and right front passenger positions, an estimated how many lives could be saved annually?
3,000 to 7,000
The full lifesaving potential of air bags will not be realized for how many years after the initial year of installation?
10 years
If all states raised the limits to 65 or 70 mph, there would be a what percent range increase in motor vehicle fatalities annually?
10 to 15%
If the limit were raised to 65 or 70 mph on the interstate highways, how many additional deaths would result each year from motor vehicle accidents?
60,000 lives
Who carries the sole responsibility for the safety of themselves, fellow members, and the public in guiding a 20-ton fire apparatus, an ambulance of a sedan through traffic?
The driver
Members must respond in every type of weather, traffic, and terrain condition in achieving the goal of what at the scene of an incident?
Safe and timely arrival
Who governs the legal operation of emergency vehicles in the state of California?
California vehicle code
A working knowledge of what is necessary for proper operation, as well as good knowledge of and conformance to department requirements by all apparatus drivers?
California vehicle code
What sections of the California vehicle code apply to the LAFD that allow for some exemptions enacted under emergency response?
21055 and 21056
All probationary members must possess what valid license upon appointment?
Class 3 (C)
What is the minimum license required by LAFD to drive light apparatus?
Class 3 (C)
To obtain a class 2 (B) license and drive heavy apparatus the member must first secure what?
DL 170
After securing the DL 170, approved by the bureau of fire suppression and rescue, a member must complete what DMV requirements?
Written exam
DL 51-A
Are there any exemptions while driving non-emergency operations?
No, member is subject to full extent of all applicable laws, including civil action
Which laws are fully enforceable when driving non-emergency that apply to civilian driving?
Speed and right-of-way parking laws
What 4 reasons constitute an accident?
Department vehicle vs 3rd party or private property
Department vehicle vs another department vehicle or department property
Department vehicle vs animal (domesticated or not)
Personal vehicle involve in accident while member is on duty under official authorization
What is the first and second concern when involved in an accident as a civilian?
First: injury or death
Second: financial loss
What is our first and second concern when involved in an accident while on duty?
First: safety of person involved
Second: City’s liabilities
When shall an FG-88 be submitted after an accident?
Within 24 hours
Who must be notified telephonically after an accident in the event of serious death to a 3rd party?
City attorney
Section 21055 (exemption of authorized emergency vehicles) does not relieve the driver of a vehicle from the duty to drive with what for the safety of all persons driving or protect them from arbitrary exercise of privileges granted in that section?
Due regard
The automotive internal combustion engine delivers its horsepower to the flywheel in the form of what?
Torque
What are the 4 cycles of a 2 and 4 stroke engine?
Intake, compression, power stroke, exhaust
What is the 2 main difference between gasoline and Diesel engines?
Fuel and air mixed together before entering cylinder of gas engine
Mixture is compressed by upstroke of piston and is ignited within the cylinder by a spark plug
Does air and fuel mixture enter together on a Diesel engine?
No, air enter alone, Diesel fuel is injected into combustion chamber near the top of stroke (compression stroke)
Ignition in Diesel engine is made by what?
Contact of fuel with heated air in the compression stroke
What are “glow plugs” used for?
To assist in starting the Diesel engine
Pressure developed by the compression stroke in Diesel engines can be as commonly high as what psi?
500 psi
For each pound of pressure exerted on the air in Diesel engines, the temperature will increase how many degrees?
20 degrees
For Diesel engines, at the top of the compression stroke (when pressure is highest), the temperature in the chamber will be what degree?
1000 degree
The speed and the power output of Diesel engines are controlled by the quantity of what into the cylinder?
Fuel injected
Diesel engines control the quantity of what, while gasoline engines regulate the quantity of what?
Diesel: fuel
Gasoline: air
The cycle of the gasoline engine and Diesel engine is often referred to as having what type of constant combustion?
Gasoline: constant volume combustion
Diesel: constant pressure combustion
What 3 limitations must be overcome when a gas or Diesel engine is used to power apparatus?
Engine must rotate to develop power
Engine rotates in 1 direction only
Engine must operate within limit of effective torque range
What components allow the apparatus to be utilized in a number of capacities?
Drive train (power train)
What are the different capacities that an engines drive train can accomplish?
Driving, pumping, aerial operation
What is the purpose of the drive train?
Transmits power of engine to the drive wheels
What type of vehicles are designed have great pulling power, to move at high speeds, to travel in reverse as well as forward, and to operate on rough ground as well as on smooth roads?
Automotive vehicles
What stores up energy of rotation when the instantaneous torque on the crankshaft is greater than average and released this energy when the torque is less than average?
Flywheel
The size of the what varies with number of cylinders and construction of engine?
Flywheel
The flywheel can be relatively smaller with what size cylinders due to constant overlapping of power impulses?
Large cylinders
The operator can harness the power of the engine by connecting or disconnecting the engine from the power train with what component?
Clutch
What allows for starting of the engine, the vehicle to stand motionless while engine is running, gradual engagement of engine to power train, and allowing gear ratios to be changed to meet varying road conditions?
Clutch
The clutch operates on the principal of friction between what?
Driving members and the driven members
What are the driving members of the power train?
Flywheel, pressure plate, and intermediate plate
The clutch is not allowed to slip for more than how many seconds resulting in excessive heat and damage?
1 1/2
What is the purpose of the clutch brake?
To stop rotation of gears in road transmission (fully depress clutch)
What consists of 2 stationary members, 2 fiber discs, and a revolving member?
Clutch brake
The clutch brake must only be used when?
Apparatus at complete stop, low engine RPM, and in neutral
What is a force which will rotate or twist an object such as a shaft?
Torque
What can be used to increase or decrease the amount of torque?
Gears
What happens when a small gear drives a big gear and vice versa?
Small drives large: increases torque
Large drives small: decreases torque
If a gear with 10 teeth drives a gear with 20 teeth, the driven gear will turn at 1/2 the speed of the driving gear and produce how much torque?
Twice the torque
The manual transmission consists of what shafts?
Input shaft, counter shaft (some have 2), and main shaft (output shaft)
Which shaft in the transmission brings the power into it from the clutch assembly and drives the counter shaft?
Input shaft
Which shaft has several gears attached to it and are in constant mesh with the gears that ride on the main shaft?
Counter shaft
Gear ratios are selected by shifting mechanism, as it locks 1 gear at a time to which shaft?
Main shaft
The automatic transmission is connected to the engine by what?
Fluid shaft or torque converter
Is there a clutch or clutch brake on automatic transmissions?
No
It is important that the operator of heavy apparatus with an automatic transmission properly control the apparatus by using proper what?
Shifting techniques
What are the 2 functions of a torque converter?
Acts as fluid coupling, connects engine power through oil to the transmission gear train
Multiplied torque or twisting effort from engine when additional performance is desired
What are the 3 basic elements of a torque converter?
Pump (driving member), turbine (driven or output member), and stator (reaction member)
Which part of the torque converter is connected to the engine and turns at engine speed?
Converter pump
What on the torque converter acts a centrifugal pump, picking up oil at its center and discharging this oil at its rim between the blades?
Converter pump
Oil strikes the turbine blades and imparts force to the what causing it to turn?
Turbine
What is mounted between pump and turbine and is mounted on a one way or roller clutch which allows it to rotate clockwise but not counter clockwise?
Stator
The shape of the converter pump shells and blades cause the oil to leave the pump spinning in what type of direction toward the blades of the turbine?
Clockwise
The purpose of the stator is to redirect the what returning from the turbine and change its direction of rotation back to that of the pump?
Oil
Energy of the oil is used to assist the engine in turning the pump which increases the force of the oil driving the turbine resulting in what?
Multiplying the torque or twisting force
With the engine operating at full throttle, transmission in gear, and the vehicle standing still, the converter is capable of multiplying the engine torque by approximately what ratio?
2.2:1
Due to fluid slippage between the pump and turbine, a ratio of what can never be achieved unless we lock up 2 members (turbine-pump)?
1:1
What consists of a single clutch plate, back plate and piston located between the converter turbine assembly and the transmission flywheel assembly (or converter drive housing)?
Lockup clutch
Lock up occurs only in what gears?
Forward gears but not reverse
What gear train is made up of 4 constant mesh, straight spur gear planetary sets?
Planetary gear
By engagement of the clutches in various combinations, the planetary sets act singly or together to provide what?
(4) forward speeds and (1) reverse
What directs the flow of torque through transmission in accordance with gear selected?
Clutches
The engine cannot be started by towing or pushing, before towing or pushing beyond a few blocks, what must be disconnected?
The driveline
What is a flexible coupling between 2 shafts that permits one shaft to drive another shaft at an angle to it and provides flexibility in the power train as the vehicle travels over uneven surfaces?
Universal joints
What consists of a male and a female spline (fixed to u-joint), a grease seal and lubrication fitting that provides the necessary telescopic action in the driveline?
Slip joint
What serves the converter and transmission?
A single, pressurized hydraulic system
Oil for the hydraulic operations, lubrication and cooling comes from the what and is supplied by the same pump?
Sump
What is also known as a drive shaft or driveline and carried the torque from the transmission to the rear end?
Propelled shaft
A common final drive ratio for LAFD apparatus is what?
4.11:1, 4 revolutions of the propeller shaft to one revolution of the rear wheels
What is the unit that allows the axles to turn at different speeds from each other while still pulling the apparatus?
The differential
As a vehicle is driven around a curve, the outer wheels must travel at what rate in relation to the inner wheels?
Faster
What type of gears will cause one wheel to rotate twice as fast while the other is stopped?
Spider pinion gears
A what axle is one that supports part of the weight of the vehicle and also drives the wheels connected to it?
A live axle
A what axle is one that carries part of the weight of the vehicle but does not drive the wheels?
Dead axle
Most live axles use what type of drive containing a open propeller shaft, 2 u-joints and a slip joint?
Hotchkiss type drive
Although transmissions used by the LAFD are true automatic transmission, they will give much better performance, smoother operation, and more longevity if they are operated as if they were a what transmission?
“Clutchless”
Passenger vehicles such as emergency sedans, plug buggies which are related below 3/4 ton, have what type of drive axles, which means the wheels are attached directly to the end of the axles and the stress caused by turning, skidding, and shock are applied directly to the axle itself?
Semi-floating
Heavy apparatus, ambulances, and pick up trucks are rated at above 3/4 ton and have what type of drive axle, which means the wheels are not attached directly to end of axles but are attached to a hub which rides on the axle housing: turning, skidding and shock are applied directly to axle housing designed to carry heavy loads?
Full floating drive axles
To shift gears properly, you must be able to coordinate the operation of what 3 things while maintaining proper road speed and engine RPM?
Accelerator, clutch, and gear shift
The what between gears refers to the difference between ratios of gears in the transmission, expressed in engine RPM?
The “split”
Never try to downshift to a lower gear when the apparatus is traveling faster than the what can move the apparatus in that lower gear?
Engine
For shifting gear contemplation, going upgrade the momentum decreases, downgrade the momentum increases and on level roadway, the momentum does what?
Changes very little
How much the road speed will change during the shift depends on what?
Momentum at start of shift, steepness of grade, and length of time it takes to make the shift
Engines take how many times longer to slow down from the proper max RPM to idling speed than it does to raise from idle speed to proper max RPM?
2 to 3 times
What term refers to a heavy truck requiring the clutch to be depressed 2 times during each gear shift?
“Double clutching”
What are the 2 uses of the clutch?
Must be slipped to get apparatus rolling from 0 MPH to the speed at engine is idling RPM
Disconnect the engine from drive train while shifting gears
If you are coming to a full stop, do not depress what until the engine is slowed down to idle speed and is on the verge of lugging from brake pressure?
Clutch
Take full advantage of engine compression without undue wear to what?
Engine, clutch, or running gear
For automatic transmission, the driver should manually shift up through gears and downshift when decelerating to make use of engine brake effect and any what such as jake brake or retarder?
Supplemental braking systems
Automatic transmissions used by the LAFD are adjusted for optimum what?
Full throttle shifts
For automatic transmissions, or generally smoothed out the down shift if the throttle is depressed or what slightly, before move the gear selector into the new range?
“Advanced”
Under no circumstances shall you allow the apparatus to coast in what position?
Neutral
