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Pediatrics-MJ > T3-Head Injuries in Infants > Flashcards

T3-Head Injuries in Infants Flashcards

1
Q

The head of infants and younger children is proportionately ____ and ____ in relation to other body parts, therefor it is ____ likely to be injured

A

Large and heavy head= MORE likely to be injured!

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2
Q

What contributes to falls at young ages?

A

Incomplete motor development

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3
Q

What are head injuries major causes?

A

Falls
MVA
Bicycle injuries

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4
Q

Are infants heads more or less vascular than infants? What does this mean?

A

More vascular–head injuries can cause them to bleed to death

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5
Q

Acceleration forces: bruising at point of impact (___) and rebound bruising (___)

A

Impact: Coup

Rebound bruising: Contre coup

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6
Q

Brain mass movement rips across structure, breaks small filaments holding it together (shearing forces)–this results in what 2 things?

A

Cerebral edema

Compression of brain mass

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7
Q

Assessment: Head injury. What are the steps?

A
  1. ABC
  2. Spinal cord injury
  3. Evaluate for shock
  4. Neuro exam
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8
Q

Hypoxic-ischemic brain injury: Near drowning

Where do infants drown?
Where do toddlers drown?

A

Infants: bathtub
Toddlers: Toilet bowel

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9
Q

Hypoxic-ischemic brain injury near drowning–what is the definition of this?

A

Survival 24 hours after incident

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10
Q

What is prevention for hypoxic-ischemic brain injury near drowning?

A

TEACH

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11
Q

What head problem:

  • Coup injury from initial impact
  • Subdural vessels torn
  • Bruising bc brain moves over skull floor
  • Countercoup injury from secondary impact as brain moves forward and backward within skull
A

Shaken baby syndrome

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12
Q

What is the most common head injury?

A

Concussion

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13
Q

What are hallmark signs of concussion?

A

Amnesia

Confusion

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14
Q

Cranial injury: trauma must be extreme to ____

A

Fracture

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15
Q

T/F: Basal skull is relatively easier to fracture

A

True

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16
Q

Is basal skull protected or unprotected?

A

Unprotected

17
Q

What fracture: Skin laceration and fracture

A

Compound

18
Q

Meds for compound fracture?

A

Antibiotics and surgery

19
Q

What fracture: Results in dural tear, hemorrhage into nose and middle ear

A

Basilar fracture

20
Q

What type of fracture: Traumatic separations of cranial sutures

A

Diastatic

21
Q

What type of fracture has racoon eyes ?

A

Anterior basal fractures

22
Q

What type of fractures has battle sign? What does this mean?

A

Basilar–effusion of blood under ear

23
Q

What are two characteristics of cranial injury—basal skull fracture?

A

Battle’s Signs

Raccoon Eyes

24
Q

Is this battle sign or raccoon eyes?

-Bilateral periorbital ecchymosis; associated with orbital fractures

A

Raccoon eyes

25
Q

Is this battle signs or raccoon eyes?

  • Retroauricuar ecchymosis
  • Associated with fracture of auditory canal and lower areas of skull
A

Battle sign

26
Q

Basilar skull fracture may tear dura..What does this mean?

A

Permit CSF to drain through an external passageway

27
Q

Hematomas: Physical characteristics

What kind of support of the head? Who is particularly vurnuable? What kind of brain? What does this result in?

A
  • Insufficient musculoskeletal support of head
  • Very young particularly vulnerable
  • Thinner and softer brain
  • Results in greater, long term damage
28
Q

Hematomas: Physical characteristics

Thinner and compliant skull of younger children allow for?

A

Increased tolerance to ICP and blunt force that causes fractures

29
Q

Management of head injuries in children: Observation? (2)

A
  • Neuro checks

- Changes in VS

30
Q

Management of head injuries in children: Surgical interventions? (3)?

A
  • Craniotomy
  • Craniectomy
  • Repair of lacerations
31
Q

Unilateral dilated and reactive pupil is accounted with?

A

Intracranial mass

32
Q

A fixed and dilated pupil may be a sing of ?

A

Impending brainstem herniation

33
Q

Bilateral fixed and dilated pupils are associated with?

A

Brainstem herniation from increased ICP

34
Q

How is decorticate posturing characterized?

A

Rigid flexion –associated with lesions above the brainstorm in the corticospinal tracts

35
Q

How is decerebrate posturing distinguished? Associated with?

A

Distinguished by rigid extension; associated with lesions of the brainstem

36
Q

What kind of meds for head injuries?

A

Antiinflammatory and pain management

37
Q

What kind of long term problems may be associated with head injuries in children?

A

Physical problems and cognitive impairments

Pediatrics-MJ (61 decks)

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