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Pediatrics-MJ > T2: Ch. 28-Balance and Imbalance of Body Fluids > Flashcards

T2: Ch. 28-Balance and Imbalance of Body Fluids Flashcards

1
Q

What type of dehydration: occurs in conditons in which electrolyte and water deficits are present in approx. balanced proprotions

A

Isotonic contions

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2
Q

What type of dehydration: The ELECTROLYTE deficits exceeds the water deficits

A

HYPOtonic

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3
Q

In HYPOtonic dehydration, what are the plasma sodium concentrations?

A

Less than 130

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4
Q

What type of dehydration: WATER loss in excess of electrolyte loss

A

HYPERTONIC

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5
Q

In hypertonic dehydration, it is usually caused by a proportionately larger loss of ____ or larger intake of _____

A

Larger LOSS of water or larger INTAKE of electrolytes

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6
Q

What dehydration is the primary form of dehydration in children?

A

Isotonic

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7
Q

What dehydration is the most dangerous type and requires much more specific fluid therapy?

A

HYPERtonic

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8
Q

What dehydration sometimes occurs in infants with diarrhea who are given fluids by mouth that contain large amounts of solute

A

HYPERtonic

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9
Q

What dehydraton occurs in children receiving high protein NG tube feedings that place an excessive solute load on the kidneys

A

HYPERtonic

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10
Q

Clinical signs of dehydration: weight loss in INFANTS is 3-5%

A

Mild dehydration

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11
Q

Clinical signs of dehydration: weight loss in INFANTS is 6-9%

A

Moderate dehydraton

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12
Q

Clinical signs of dehydration: weight loss in INFANTS is >10%

A

Severe dehydration

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13
Q

Weight loss in children:
Mild?
Moderate?
Severe?

A

Mild: 3-4%
Moderate: 6-8%
Severe: 10%

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14
Q

What would pulse be in mild dehydration?

A

Normal

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15
Q

What would pulse be in moderate dehydration?

A

Slightly increased

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16
Q

What would pulse be in severe dehydration?

A

Very increased

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17
Q

What would RR be in mild dehydration?

A

Normal

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18
Q

What would RR be in moderate dehydration?

A

Slightly tachypnea (rapid)

19
Q

What would RR be in severe dehydration?

A

Hyperpnea (deep and rapid)

20
Q

What would BP be in mild dehydration?

A

Normal

21
Q

What would BP be in moderate dehydration?

A

Normal to orthostatic (>10mmHg change)

22
Q

What would BP be in severe dehydration?

A

Orthostatic to shock

23
Q

What would behavior be in mild dehydration?

A

Normal

24
Q

What would behavior be in moderate dehydration?

A

Irritable, more thirsty

25
Q

What would behavior be in severe dehydration?

A

Hyperirritable to LETHARGIC

26
Q

What would thirst be like in mid dehydration?

A

Slight

27
Q

What would thirst be like in moderate dehydration?

A

Moderate

28
Q

What would thirst be like in severe dehydration?

A

Intense

29
Q

What would mucous membranes be in mild, moderate, and severe dehydration?

A

Mild: normal
Moderate: dry
Severe: PARCHED

30
Q

Are tears present in mild dehydration?

A

Yes

31
Q

Are tears present in moderate dehydration?

A

Decreased

32
Q

Are tears present in severe dehydration?

A

No, absent SUNKEN EYES

33
Q

How does anterior fontanel look with mild dehydration?

A

Normal

34
Q

How does anterior fontanel look with moderate dehydration?

A

Normal to sunken

35
Q

How does anterior fontanel look with severe dehydrate?

A

SUNKEN

36
Q

Can you see external jugular vein with mild dehydration?

A

Visible when SUPINE

37
Q

Can you see external jugular vein with moderate dehydration?

A

Not visible EXCEPT with SUPRAclavicular pressure

38
Q

Can you see external jugular vein with severe dehydration?

A

Not visible EVEN WITH supreclavicular pressure!!

39
Q

What is cap refill like with mild dehydration?

A

> 2 sec

40
Q

What is cap refill like with moderate dehydration? Skin turgor?

A

Cap refil: 2-4 sec

Turgor: Decreased

41
Q

What is cap refill like with severe dehydration? What is skin like?

A

Cap refill: >4 sec and tenting

Skin: Cool, acrocyanotic, or mottled

42
Q

What is urine specific gravity of mild dehydration?

A

greater than 1.020

43
Q

What is urine specific gravity with moderate dehydration?

A

greater than 1.020 & OLIGURIA

44
Q

What is urine specific gravity of severe dehydration?

A

Oliguria or Anuria

Pediatrics-MJ (61 decks)

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