T2: Ch. 28-Balance and Imbalance of Body Fluids Flashcards
What type of dehydration: occurs in conditons in which electrolyte and water deficits are present in approx. balanced proprotions
Isotonic contions
What type of dehydration: The ELECTROLYTE deficits exceeds the water deficits
HYPOtonic
In HYPOtonic dehydration, what are the plasma sodium concentrations?
Less than 130
What type of dehydration: WATER loss in excess of electrolyte loss
HYPERTONIC
In hypertonic dehydration, it is usually caused by a proportionately larger loss of ____ or larger intake of _____
Larger LOSS of water or larger INTAKE of electrolytes
What dehydration is the primary form of dehydration in children?
Isotonic
What dehydration is the most dangerous type and requires much more specific fluid therapy?
HYPERtonic
What dehydration sometimes occurs in infants with diarrhea who are given fluids by mouth that contain large amounts of solute
HYPERtonic
What dehydraton occurs in children receiving high protein NG tube feedings that place an excessive solute load on the kidneys
HYPERtonic
Clinical signs of dehydration: weight loss in INFANTS is 3-5%
Mild dehydration
Clinical signs of dehydration: weight loss in INFANTS is 6-9%
Moderate dehydraton
Clinical signs of dehydration: weight loss in INFANTS is >10%
Severe dehydration
Weight loss in children:
Mild?
Moderate?
Severe?
Mild: 3-4%
Moderate: 6-8%
Severe: 10%
What would pulse be in mild dehydration?
Normal
What would pulse be in moderate dehydration?
Slightly increased
What would pulse be in severe dehydration?
Very increased
What would RR be in mild dehydration?
Normal
What would RR be in moderate dehydration?
Slightly tachypnea (rapid)
What would RR be in severe dehydration?
Hyperpnea (deep and rapid)
What would BP be in mild dehydration?
Normal
What would BP be in moderate dehydration?
Normal to orthostatic (>10mmHg change)
What would BP be in severe dehydration?
Orthostatic to shock
What would behavior be in mild dehydration?
Normal
What would behavior be in moderate dehydration?
Irritable, more thirsty
What would behavior be in severe dehydration?
Hyperirritable to LETHARGIC
What would thirst be like in mid dehydration?
Slight
What would thirst be like in moderate dehydration?
Moderate
What would thirst be like in severe dehydration?
Intense
What would mucous membranes be in mild, moderate, and severe dehydration?
Mild: normal
Moderate: dry
Severe: PARCHED
Are tears present in mild dehydration?
Yes
Are tears present in moderate dehydration?
Decreased
Are tears present in severe dehydration?
No, absent SUNKEN EYES
How does anterior fontanel look with mild dehydration?
Normal
How does anterior fontanel look with moderate dehydration?
Normal to sunken
How does anterior fontanel look with severe dehydrate?
SUNKEN
Can you see external jugular vein with mild dehydration?
Visible when SUPINE
Can you see external jugular vein with moderate dehydration?
Not visible EXCEPT with SUPRAclavicular pressure
Can you see external jugular vein with severe dehydration?
Not visible EVEN WITH supreclavicular pressure!!
What is cap refill like with mild dehydration?
> 2 sec
What is cap refill like with moderate dehydration? Skin turgor?
Cap refil: 2-4 sec
Turgor: Decreased
What is cap refill like with severe dehydration? What is skin like?
Cap refill: >4 sec and tenting
Skin: Cool, acrocyanotic, or mottled
What is urine specific gravity of mild dehydration?
greater than 1.020
What is urine specific gravity with moderate dehydration?
greater than 1.020 & OLIGURIA
What is urine specific gravity of severe dehydration?
Oliguria or Anuria
