T1-Erikson: Psychosocial Development

Question 1

What are Eriksons theories for children?

Answer 1

He does the psychosocial theory

Birth-1 year: Trust vs. Mistrust

1-3 year (toddler): Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt

3-6 years (preschool): Initiative vs. Guilt

6-12 years (school age): Industry vs. inferiority

12-20 (adolescent): Identity vs Role confusion

Question 2

Erik son believes that the ___ is the conscious core of personality and that a healthy ___ changes to meet the demands of society. A person will resolve the emotional crisis and meet the demands.

Answer 2

ego; ego

Question 3

What is the major task for infancy (birth-1 year)?

Answer 3

Infant must develop a sense of trust in a primary caregiver and in the world around him

Question 4

What happens if an infant doesn’t gain trust?

Answer 4

Mistrust: child may be fearful, withdrawn, or hopeless

Question 5

What are some things to do to help your infant build trust?

Answer 5

• Have a consistent caregiver
• Consistently respond to the infants needs
• Predictable environment
• “Mothering” or nurturing behaviors

Question 6

What is Erikson’s stage for toddlerhood (1 year-3 years)?

Answer 6

Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt

Question 7

For autonomy vs. shame and doubt, what does the child need to feel? What is our role as parents?

Answer 7

Needs to feel control

We need to encourage and support independence but let there be control with consistent limits; child needs positive affirmations to aid in development of self-concept

Question 8

Toddlers need challenging activities to ____ but not to cause _____.

Answer 8

Motivate; frequent failure

Question 9

Toddlers may experience separation anxiety. What ages are known for having big separation anxiety problems?

Answer 9

7 months and again at 15 months

Question 10

What age do temper tantrums come?

Answer 10

Toddlers

Question 11

What is Erikson’s stage for preschool (3-6)?

Answer 11

Initiative vs. Guilt

Question 12

The preschooler begins to develop initiative to move away from the ____, try _____, and begins to ___

Answer 12

Move away from the parent
Try new things
Begin to plan

Question 13

If preschoolers have guilt, what do they feel?

Answer 13

Lack of self confidence

Fear of wrongdoing

Question 14

What is the initiative vs. guilt important in?

Answer 14

Important for developing self-concept

Question 15

What are 4 big things that happen in the initiative vs. guilt stage?

Answer 15

• Begins to identify with same sex parent
• Has an active imagination
• More social
• Begins some control of feelings and behaviors

Question 16

What is Erikson’s stage for school age children (6-12)

Answer 16

Industry vs. Inferiority

Question 17

What happens in the industry vs. inferiority stage?

Answer 17

The child begins to learn tasks required for being and adult member of society

Begin to create and develop a sense of competence and perseverance

Question 18

What if industry is not achieved?

Answer 18

Inferiority happens, which is a lack of success in school, physical endeavors, and making friends

Question 19

What is important in the industry vs. inferiority stage? and why?

Answer 19

Developing a peer group; important for self-concept

Question 20

What is Erikson’s stage for adolescents?

Answer 20

Identity vs. Role confusion

Question 21

In the identity vs. role confusion stage, the adolescent determines their role in life, ideology, and place in society. They begin to _____

Answer 21

Actualize their abilities

Question 22

In the identity vs. role confusion, what happens if they experience confusion?

Answer 22

There is an inability to determine career goals or roles

Question 23

For identity vs. role confusion why are peer groups important?

Answer 23

For development of identity

*peer groups for school age children are important for self-concept

Question 24

What is a serious concern for the adolescent group?

Answer 24

Appearance

Question 25

The crucial element for the achievement of this task (trust vs. mistrust) is the quality of both the relationship between the _____ and ____ and the ___ the infant receives

Answer 25

The quality of both the relationship between the PARENT and CHILD and the CARE the infant receives

Question 26

Trust vs. Mistrust: Is the provision of food, warmth, and shelter by itself adequate for the development of a strong sense of self? Why or why not?

Answer 26

No, the infant and parent must JOINTLY learn to satisfactorily meet their needs for mutual regulation of frustration to occur

Question 27

What happens when the infant and parent don’t satisfactorily meet needs?

Answer 27

MISTRUST

Question 28

Trust vs. Mistrust: When is frustration heightened in a parent?

Answer 28

When the parent is emotionally immature and does not understand the infant’s behavioral cues because of his or her own self-centered phase of immature

Question 29

Failure to learn delayed ______ leads to mistrust.

Answer 29

Gratification

Question 30

What are ways mistrust occurs?

Answer 30

1. Too much frustration
2. Too little frustration
3. Parent meets children’s needs before the children signal their readiness–infants will never learn to test their ability to control the environment
4. Prolonged delay in meeting the needs

Question 31

What is essential for gaining the trust of an infant?

Answer 31

Maintain consistency