T1-Erikson: Psychosocial Development Flashcards
What are Eriksons theories for children?
He does the psychosocial theory
Birth-1 year: Trust vs. Mistrust
1-3 year (toddler): Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
3-6 years (preschool): Initiative vs. Guilt
6-12 years (school age): Industry vs. inferiority
12-20 (adolescent): Identity vs Role confusion
Erik son believes that the ___ is the conscious core of personality and that a healthy ___ changes to meet the demands of society. A person will resolve the emotional crisis and meet the demands.
ego; ego
What is the major task for infancy (birth-1 year)?
Infant must develop a sense of trust in a primary caregiver and in the world around him
What happens if an infant doesn’t gain trust?
Mistrust: child may be fearful, withdrawn, or hopeless
What are some things to do to help your infant build trust?
- Have a consistent caregiver
- Consistently respond to the infants needs
- Predictable environment
- “Mothering” or nurturing behaviors
What is Erikson’s stage for toddlerhood (1 year-3 years)?
Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
For autonomy vs. shame and doubt, what does the child need to feel? What is our role as parents?
Needs to feel control
We need to encourage and support independence but let there be control with consistent limits; child needs positive affirmations to aid in development of self-concept
Toddlers need challenging activities to ____ but not to cause _____.
Motivate; frequent failure
Toddlers may experience separation anxiety. What ages are known for having big separation anxiety problems?
7 months and again at 15 months
What age do temper tantrums come?
Toddlers
What is Erikson’s stage for preschool (3-6)?
Initiative vs. Guilt
The preschooler begins to develop initiative to move away from the ____, try _____, and begins to ___
Move away from the parent
Try new things
Begin to plan
If preschoolers have guilt, what do they feel?
Lack of self confidence
Fear of wrongdoing
What is the initiative vs. guilt important in?
Important for developing self-concept
What are 4 big things that happen in the initiative vs. guilt stage?
- Begins to identify with same sex parent
- Has an active imagination
- More social
- Begins some control of feelings and behaviors
What is Erikson’s stage for school age children (6-12)
Industry vs. Inferiority
What happens in the industry vs. inferiority stage?
The child begins to learn tasks required for being and adult member of society
Begin to create and develop a sense of competence and perseverance
What if industry is not achieved?
Inferiority happens, which is a lack of success in school, physical endeavors, and making friends
What is important in the industry vs. inferiority stage? and why?
Developing a peer group; important for self-concept
What is Erikson’s stage for adolescents?
Identity vs. Role confusion
In the identity vs. role confusion stage, the adolescent determines their role in life, ideology, and place in society. They begin to _____
Actualize their abilities
In the identity vs. role confusion, what happens if they experience confusion?
There is an inability to determine career goals or roles
For identity vs. role confusion why are peer groups important?
For development of identity
*peer groups for school age children are important for self-concept
What is a serious concern for the adolescent group?
Appearance
The crucial element for the achievement of this task (trust vs. mistrust) is the quality of both the relationship between the _____ and ____ and the ___ the infant receives
The quality of both the relationship between the PARENT and CHILD and the CARE the infant receives
Trust vs. Mistrust: Is the provision of food, warmth, and shelter by itself adequate for the development of a strong sense of self? Why or why not?
No, the infant and parent must JOINTLY learn to satisfactorily meet their needs for mutual regulation of frustration to occur
What happens when the infant and parent don’t satisfactorily meet needs?
MISTRUST
Trust vs. Mistrust: When is frustration heightened in a parent?
When the parent is emotionally immature and does not understand the infant’s behavioral cues because of his or her own self-centered phase of immature
Failure to learn delayed ______ leads to mistrust.
Gratification
What are ways mistrust occurs?
- Too much frustration
- Too little frustration
- Parent meets children’s needs before the children signal their readiness–infants will never learn to test their ability to control the environment
- Prolonged delay in meeting the needs
What is essential for gaining the trust of an infant?
Maintain consistency
