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Pediatrics-MJ > T3-Childhood Cancer > Flashcards

T3-Childhood Cancer Flashcards

1
Q

What therapy is curative, palliative?

A

Radiotherapy

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2
Q

Complications of diseases: What is acute tumor lysis syndrome?

A

-Hyperuricemia

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3
Q

Complications of disease: What is superior vena cava syndrome?

A

Compression of mediastinal structures

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4
Q

For kids have surgery, what is important?

A

Age appropriate pre-op and post-op teaching

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5
Q

Radiation therapy: Pick ____ when available

A

Distraction

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6
Q

Chemotherapy: Manage side effects–Need to monitor ____.

A

Growth

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7
Q

What are some side effects to chemotherapy?

A
  • N/V
  • Mucositis
  • Diet
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8
Q

If a child with chemo has N/V, what is a common DOC?

A

Ondansetron (zofran)

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9
Q

If a child with chemo has mucositis, what does this mean?

*she said this is an ATI type question a lot

A

Meticulous mouth care; no viscous lidocaine

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10
Q

Side effects of treatment: Infection-ANC less than ___ be concerned.

A

Less than 500

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11
Q

Side effects: Hemorrhage- Platelet count less than ____ be concerned and avoid skin punctures, rectal temps, and do mouth care with care

A

Less than 20,000

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12
Q

Side effect of treatment: Anemia..What does this mean?

A

Low hgb

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13
Q

Absolute neutrophil count. Less than ___ is risk of infection

A

Less than 1000

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14
Q

Absolute neutorphil count. Less than ___ is MAJOR risk of infection

A

Less than 500

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15
Q

Nutrition: Check mouth for what? What kind of meals can be eaten?

A

Check mouth for viscous lidocaine and antifungals

Meals: Small, frequent high protein, high CHO

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16
Q

What is alopecia?

A

A side effect of treatment that is hair loss out in clumps (patchy baldness) —wig before hair falls out

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17
Q

Side effect of treatment: Hemorrhagic cystitis. What is this?

A

Chemical irritation of bladder

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18
Q

Side effets of treatments: Why do we give steroids?

A

Increased appetite and sense of well being—body image alterations, mood changes

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19
Q

How is infection prevented?

A

HAND WASH

Keep away from crowds

20
Q

How do you prevent bleeding?

A

No sharp toys

No rectal temps

21
Q

For cancer patients, what is a very important key point?

A

STRICT I&O!!!

*Hydration is very important!

22
Q

Why is health promotion of dental care important?

A

Dentition is affected

23
Q

Health promotion: Is it okay to give live, attenuated vaccines?

A

No

24
Q

Immunizations: If vaccinated 2 weeks before or during chemo, they need to be ______ after chemo

A

Revaccinated

25
Q

What is the most commonly diagnosed malignancy in children under 14?

A

Leukemia

26
Q

Leukemia is a malignant disease of the blood forming tissues characterized by uncontrolled growth of _____ that fail to mature (____)

A

Uncontrolled growth of WBC (leukocytes) that fail to mature (blast cells)

27
Q

What are the 2 main types of leukemia?

A

Acute lymphocutic leukemia (ALL) & Acute myelocytic leukemia (AML)

28
Q

What kind of cells are involved in acute lymphocytic?

A

Overproduction of immature WBC resembling lymphoblasts

29
Q

Leukemia risk factors for ALL? (4)

A
  • Males
  • Caucasians
  • Siblings of child with ALL
  • Downs syndrome
30
Q

Some S&S of Leukemia?

A
  • Fever
  • Infection
  • Pallor
  • Bone pain
  • Petechiae
  • Lethargy
  • Decreased hemoglobin
  • Bleeding
  • Hepatosplenomagagly
  • Decreased leukocytes
  • Increased blasts
  • Decreased platelets
  • Irritability
  • Lympadenopathy
31
Q

What are the 3 phases of chemo?

A
  1. Induction
  2. Sanctuary
  3. Maintenance
32
Q

What is the purpose of induction phase of chemo? What does it include? How long is this phase?

A

Purpose: To achieve remission

Includes: Prednisone, vincristine, and L-asparaginase

Phase lasts 4-6 weeks

33
Q

What is the purpose of sanctuary phase of chemo? How long does this last?

A
  • To prevent leukemia cells from invading CNS
  • To destroy those leukemia cells already in CNS

2-3 weeks

34
Q

What is the purpose of the maintenance stage of chemo? How long does it last? What drugs?

A

Purpose: Maintain remission

Lasts: 2-3 YEARS

Drugs: Variety

35
Q

Chemo for leukemia: What does it mean if you are in remission?

A

Decrease blasts and normal formation of other blood elements

36
Q

Chemo for leukemia:

What does it mean if you are in relapse?

A

-Increase in blasts and non-normal formation of other blood elements

37
Q

Why is nursing management difficult for leukemia?

A

Due to multisystem effect

38
Q

What are some psychosocial implications during treatment of cancer? (several, list as many as you can)

A
  • Coping with shock of diagnosis
  • Mastering new med jargon
  • Know the roles of different caregivers to child
  • Supporting sibs..still giving them enough attention
  • Manage side effects
  • Try to normalize family lifestyle
  • Tell child, friends, and relatives of diagnosis
39
Q

Psychosocial implications at the end of treatment: Why are there conflicting emotions?

A

It is a long awaited long desired milestone

40
Q

Hodgkins Disease:

  1. What age?
  2. How is it staged?
  3. What kind of lymph nodes?
  4. Where is sentinel node?
  5. What is the cell diagnostic for this?
  6. What is treatment?

*=she said to know this!

A
  1. 15-19 year olds
  2. Stage I-IV and A vs. B for symptoms
  3. Painless enlargement of lymph nodes
  4. Sentinel node is the left clavicle
  5. Reed Sternberg= Cell diagnostic for HODGKINS
  6. Treatment: Radiation and chemo
41
Q

What is the second most common cancer?

A

Brain tumors

42
Q

What is the most common type of brain tumor?

A

Gliomas

43
Q

What tumor is difficult to excise?

A

Infratentorial (over half of ped brain tumors are this type)

*the other type is supratentorial

44
Q

What is most common finding of brain tumor?

A

Headache

45
Q

Brain tumor: When is vomiting? Is nausea common?

A

Vomiting is usually in MORNING often WITHOUT nausea

46
Q

Brain tumor in infants: Decreased or increased head circumference? What kind of fontanel?

A

Increased head circumference; TENSE fontanel

Pediatrics-MJ (61 decks)

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