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Pediatrics-MJ > T3-Blueprint: Asthma & Heart Disease > Flashcards

T3-Blueprint: Asthma & Heart Disease Flashcards

1
Q

A reversible process characterized by variations in central and/or peripheral airway obstruction over short periods of time

A

Asthma

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2
Q

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways in which many cells and cellular elements play a role. It is characterized by what 3 things?

A
  1. Chronic inflammation
  2. Bronchoconstriction
  3. Brochial hyperresponsiveness
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3
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of asthma?

A
  • Wheezing, sometimes rhonchi (beware the slitting asthmatic)
  • Coughing
  • Dyspnea
  • Prolonged expiration
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4
Q

Are anti-inflammatory drugs controllers or rescuers?

A

Controllers

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5
Q

Anti-inflammatory drugs should be taken at the ____ everyday. Do we take it even if we have no symptoms and feel better?

A

Same time everyday; taken even if symptoms are not present and you feel better

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6
Q

What are some examples of anti-inflammatory drugs?

A

Fluticasone
Budesonide
Theophylline

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7
Q

What is the important thing to remember when taking the anti-inflammatory drug, theophylline?

A

Must check blood once a year while on this drug

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8
Q

What is teaching about metered dose inhalers?

A
  1. Shake inhaler
  2. Attach spacer
  3. Tilt head back slightly and breathe out slowly
  4. Insert mouthpiece
  5. At end of normal expiration, depress inhaler firmly and breathe slowly (3-5 sec)
  6. Hold breath 5-10 sec
  7. Remove inhaler and breathe out slowly through the nose

*wait 1 minute in between puffs

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9
Q

Are bronchodilators controllers or rescuers?

A

Rescuers

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10
Q

How long does it take bronchodilators to work?

A

They are rescue meds–quick relief inhalers take 5 minutes to work

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11
Q

What are SABA meds? What is an example of when we should take these?

A

Albuterol
Levalbuterol
Terbutaline

Prior to exercise

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12
Q

What is an example of a LABA med?

A

Salmaterol

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13
Q

Who should Salmaterol not be given to?

A

Children under 12

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14
Q

What is an example of a combo drug? Is it controller or rescuer?

A

Fluticasone/Salmaterol (maintenance control)

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15
Q

What do corticosteroids do?

A

Decrease inflammation

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16
Q

What are some corticosteroid meds?

A

Budesonide
Fluticasone
Methylprednisolone (iv or oral)
Predisone (oral)

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17
Q

What is a non steroid anti-inflammatory NSAID drug? What does it do? How is it given? What are side effects?

A

Cromolyn Sodium

Stabilized mast cell membranes and inhibits release of mediators

Given via nebulizer or MDI

Minimal SE

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18
Q

Mediators of inflammation that block inflammatory and bronchospasm effects

A

Leukotrienes

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19
Q

Are Leukotriens controllers or rescuers? Example?

A

Control

Montelukast
Zafirlukast

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20
Q

Relieve acute bronchospasm; block PNS

A

Anticholinergics

21
Q

What are examples for anticholinergics?

A

Atripine

Ipratropium

22
Q

Ipratropium is an anticholinergic. What can this cause?

A

DRY MOUTH

23
Q

What drug is this: blocks binding of IgE to mast cells and inhibits the inflammation associated with asthma

A

Monoclonal antibody (omalizumab)

24
Q

Potent muscle relaxant that acts to decrease inflammation and improve pulmonary function?

A

Magnesium sulfate

IV drug (normally used in ER)

25
Q

What should we watch in a child taking albuterol?

A

Tremors and tachycardia

26
Q

What should we watch for in a child who is taking ipratroprium?

A

Dry mouth

27
Q

What should we watching for in a child who is using inhaled meds?

A

Oral mucosa infection secondary to use of inhaled meds

28
Q

What should we observe in a child who is using steroid drugs?

A

Assess weight, BP, electrolytes, glucose, and growth

29
Q

What is a MDI spacer?

A

A spacer tha holds medicine in tube so cold can breathe in the medicine

30
Q

Follows strep throat when strep is not treated properly

A

Rheumatic heart disease (RF-rheumatic fever)

31
Q

RF is a disease caused by a group of bacteria known as ____

A

Group A streptococcus

32
Q

Rheumatic heart disease can damage the _____

A

Valves of the heart

33
Q

**Jones Criteria for RHD

What are the minor manifestations?

A
  • Fever
  • Artralgia
  • Elevated acute phase reactants
  • Prolonged PR interval
34
Q

**Jones Criteria for RHD

What are the major manifestations?

A
  • Carditis
  • Polyartritis
  • Syndenham’s Chorea
  • Erythemia marginatum
  • Subcutaneous Nodules
35
Q

Major manifestations of RHD: What is Sydenham’s Chorea and how is it relieved?

A

Sudden, aimless, purposeless movements

Relieved by rest and sleep

36
Q

Major manifestations of RHD: What is erythema marginatum?

A

Classic eruption of RF

Flat, macular, circular, distinct WAVY border on trunk or arms

37
Q

Major manifestations of RHD: How is the rash? Itching?

A

Flat, macular, circular, distinct WAVY border–Chicken wire

NO itching

38
Q

Major manifestations of RHD: What are subcutaneous nodules and what do they contain?

A

Small, hard, non-tender swellings

Contain Aschoff bodies

39
Q

RHD: What can be given for polyarthritis (inflammation of joints)?

A

Aspirin

40
Q

Mitral valve damage (valve is incompetent and stenotic)

A

Endocarditis

41
Q

What is bacterial endocarditis?

A

Infection of valves and inner lining

42
Q

Bacterial endocarditis is sequalae to _____

A

Bacteremia

43
Q

What is s/s of bacterial endocarditis?

A
  • Low grade, intermittent fever
  • Malaise
  • Athralgias
  • New murmur
44
Q

What is treatment for endocarditis?

A

Prophylactic antibiotics (penicillin) especially before dentistry and procedures

45
Q

Systemic vasculitis

A

Kawasaki Disease

46
Q

Kawasaki disease: what is ectasia?

A

Dilation of coronary artery that leads to aneurysm

47
Q

Symptoms of Kawasaki disease?

A
  • High fever
  • RED EYES
  • RING AROUND IRIS
  • STRAWBERRY TONGUE
  • Rash (desquamates)
48
Q

What are serious symptoms of Kawasaki disease?

A

MI

49
Q

Treatment for Kawasaki disease?

A

High dose of IVID and salicylate therapy

Aspirin!

Pediatrics-MJ (61 decks)

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