T2-GI Disorders: Short Bowel Syndrome Flashcards
A condition in which the body cannot absorb enough fluids and nutrients because part of the small intestine is missing (usually due to surgery or illness), or is not working properly
Short bowel syndrome
What is the small intestine part of?
Part of digestive system, has 3 sections
What are 3 sections of small intestine?
Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum
The shortest section located next to the stomach
Duodenum
Lies between duodenum and ileum
Jujunum
Largest section and connects to the large intestine (colon)
Ileum
What forms a barrier between the ileum and large intestine to prevent the contents of the large intestine from flowing back into the small intestine
Ileocecal
What does the small intestine do?
Where the absorption of fluids, proteins, carbs, iron, fat, vitamins, and minerals takes place
If the duodenum and a portion of the jejunum have been removed by surgery, can the ilium take over their role of absorbing nutrients?
Yes
If a substantial part of the jejunum or ileum is removed, is it easy or difficult to obtain adequate nutrients?
Difficult (in these children, nutrients usually have to be provided in a form other than food)
Why do children need more calories than adults?
Children are still growing
If a child is born with portions of the small intestine missing, can this cause serious health problems?
Yes
Short bowel syndrome can occur as a ____ condition
Congenital condition
The small intestine might by abnormally ___ at birth, a section of the bowel might be missing or the bowel does not form completely before birth.
Short
In other cases, patients develop a condition in which a large section of the small intestine has to be removed by surgery. In newborns, especially premature babies, _____ is the most common cause of short bowel syndrome
Necrotizing enterocolitis
What are some other causes of short bowel syndrome?
- Crohn’s disease
- Intussusception
- Blocked vessel (lack of blood flow to the intestine)
- Injury to intestine
- Cancer
Symptoms of short bowel syndrome (7)?
- Bloating
- Diarrhea
- Excessive gas/foul smelling stool
- Fatigue
- Poor appetite
- Vomiting
- Weight loss or inability to gain weight
What are some ways to treat short bowel syndrome?
- Change diet for necessary absorption
- TPN
- Entreral nutrition can replace TPN in some patients
- Small amounts of solid foods and liquids in addition to TPN
- Intestinal adaptation
TPN: Do some children remain on this indefinitely or is it only short term?
No, some will remain on TPN indefinitely
TPN can be life saving in children and adults unable to take appropriate nutrition through their ____.
GI track
Recent changes in TPN ____ the chance of developing long-term liver injury
Decreases
Overtime, can enteral nutrition replace TPN?
Yes, in some patients
How are enteral feedings given?
G-tube
Some children may be able to receive small amounts of solid foods and liquids in addition to enteral or parenteral feedings: How does this help babies and children?
Maintain the ubiquity to chew and suck and helps them develop normal eating patterns for the future
A surgery that can help the intestine grow in size
Intestinal adaptation
What types of meds are prescribed for short bowel syndrome?
Meds are used to help slow the passage of food through the intestine (allows more time for nutrients to remain in contact with the cells lining the intestine which improves absorption)
When is surgery needed for short bowel syndrome?
When it cannot be treated with meds and diets
If surgery occurs, can the remaining part of the intestine adapt?
Yes, it can adapt and assume some of the functions of the part missing, especially if the ileum is still intact
Do children with SBS need follow up care?
Yes, lifelong
What else do children with SBS need to be monitored for?
Closely monitored for any nutritional deficiencies
What is the main cause of death among infants and children who receive TPN?
Infections and disorders of the liver and bilary tract
Need to make sure we assess for _____
Line infections, picc, pac care as ordered per protocol (central lines in children can cause infectious complications)
