T1-Growth and Development Flashcards
What is the technical age for an infant?
1 month-12 months
*a neonate is birth-1 month
What is the technical age for a toddler?
1-3 years
What is the technical age for a preschooler?
3-6 years
What is the technical age for school age children?
6-12 years
What is the technical age for adolescents?
12-20
Infancy: Birth-1 year
What is Erikson’s theory?
Freud?
Piaget?
Erikson: Trust vs. Mistrust
Freud: Oral
Piaget: Sensorimotor (birth-2 years)
Toddler: 1-3 years
What is Erikson’s theory?
Freud?
Piaget?
Kohlberg?
Erikson: Autonomy vs. Shame and doubt
Freud: Anal
Piaget: Sensorimotor (1-2 years) & Pre-operational (2-4 years)
Kohlberg: Preconventional
Preschool: 3-6
What is Erikson’s theory?
Freud?
Piaget?
Kohlberg?
Erikson: Initiative vs. Guilt
Freud: Phallic
Piaget: Preoperational
Kohlberg: Preconventional
School age: 6-12
What is Erikson’s theory?
Freud?
Piaget?
Kohlberg?
Erikson: Industry vs. Inferiority
Freud: Latency
Piaget: Concrete operations
Kohlberg: Conventional
Adolescence: 12-20
What is Erikson’s theory?
Freud?
Piaget?
Kohlberg?
Erikson: Identity vs. Role Confusion
Freud: Genital
Piaget: Formal Operations (11-15 years)
Kohlberg: Post-conventional
The quantitative changes in physical size of the body and its parts
Growth
The process of becoming fully grown and developed. It involves both the physiological and behavioral aspects of an individual
Maturation
Behavioral changes in functional abilities and skills
Development
Patterned, orderly, lifelong changes in structure, thought, or behavior that evolve a a result of maturation of physical and mental capacity, experiences, and learning resulting in a new level of maturity and integraton
Another definition for DEVELOPMENT
The time of the most rapid growth or development in a particular stage of the life cycle
Critical period
Return to a less sophisticated pattern of behavior as a defense against anxiety
Regression
How is muscular development achieved in children?
Cephalocaudal and proximodistal
Development proceeds from general to ___
Specific
In normal cephalocaudal growth, the child gains control of the ____ before the ____.
Head and neck before the trunk and limbs
In normal proximodistal growth, the child controls ___ movements before ____.
Arm movements before hand movements
Ex: A child reaches for an object before being able to grasp it
Children gain control of their ___ before their fingers; that is, they can hold things with the entire hand before they can pick something up with just their fingers
Hands then fingers
Infants. How much should they weigh at 6 months? 12 months?
6 months: double birth weight
12 months: triple birth weight
How much should toddlers weight by 2?
4x their birth weight
How much weight do preschoolers gain per year?
~4.4-6.6 lbs–average about 5 lbs per year
How much do school-aged children gain annually?
4.4-6.6 lbs yearly
Where do functions develop first: ones closer to the midline or the distal ones?
Those closer to the midline
T/F: Development occurs from complex to simple.
FALSE. It occurs from SIMPLE to COMPLEX
What is the most significant, reliable means of assessing developmental status?
Behavior!
Growth responsibility that arises at a certain time in the course of development
Growth task
What does successful achievement of the growth task lead to?
Satisfaction and success with later tasks
What does failure of the growth task lead to?
Difficulty with later tasks
Physiological growth of an individual is influenced primarily by interaction of genetic predisposition, the CNS, endocrine system, and maturation
Physiological dimension
Consists of subjective feelings and interpersonal relationships (ex. bonding)
Theorists here?
Psychosocial dimension
Freud and Erikson
A view of one’s self, including body image, self-esteem, and ideal self
Self-concept
The intellecutal process of knowing which includes perception, memory, and judgement
Theorist?
Cognitive dimension
Piaget
A person’s value system that helps in differentiating right and wrong
Theorists?
Moral dimension
Kohlberg
The ability to independently decide fro one’s self what is “right”
Moral maturity
When is the prenatal period?
Conception-birth
What is the neonatal period?
First 28 days
What is performed immediately after delivery?
A complete exam
What is the infancy period? What does nursing care focus on?
first month-first year
Safety, preventing infection, teaching parents about incorporating the child into the family
When is the toddler period?
1-3 years
Begins when the child is about to walk alone, ending at around 3
What do toddlers like to play with?
Push/pull toys
Nutritional needs change as growth rate slows and caloric needs ____ from infancy to toddlerhood.
Decrease
What is the preschool age?
3 years-6 years
What are the leading cause of death in young children?
Accidents
What is the school-age child age? When do many accidents occur for this age group?
6-12
during play
What is the developmental stage from 10-12
Preadolescent
What is the age for adolescent? What is important with this age group?
13-20 years old; use of a nonjudgemental attitude
What are the 3 major causes of adolescent death?
Accidents
Homicide
Suicide
