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Pediatrics-MJ > T3-Blueprint: Meningitis, Encephalitis, Rabies, & Reye Syndrome > Flashcards

T3-Blueprint: Meningitis, Encephalitis, Rabies, & Reye Syndrome Flashcards

1
Q

Irritation of meninges of the brain due to a bacterial or aseptic infection; potentially fatal

A

Meningitis

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2
Q

What happens in meningitis?

A

Infection reaches the CNS, CSF then circulates the pathogens through the brain and SC

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3
Q

What are the 3 different types of meningitis?

A

Bacterial
Viral
TB

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4
Q

TB meningitis is the biggest sequel to ____

A

Hydrocephalus

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5
Q

What are subjective s/s to meningitis?

A

Photophobia
Nausea
Irritability
Headache

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6
Q

What position should we put a meningitis pt in to relieve discomfort?

A

Opithotinic position–neck and head hyperextended

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7
Q

What is nuchal rigidity

A

Pain with neck flexion

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8
Q

Do meningitis patients have fever?

A

Yes, as well as lethargy and irritability

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9
Q

Meningitis is slow or abrupt onset?

A

Abrupt

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10
Q

How do meningitis patients eat–good or bad?

A

Poor feeding

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11
Q

Meningitis patients may have increased ICP..What are signs of increased ICP?

A

Seizures
Chill cry
Vomiting
Bulging fontanel

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12
Q

What is the kerning sign?

A

Raise the childs leg with knee flexed, then extend childs leg at the knee–if any resistance is noted or pain is felt, it is a positive sign for meningitis

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13
Q

What is the brudinski sign?

A

Flex the childs head while supine–if this action makes the knees or hips flex involuntarily, this is a positive sign

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14
Q

What is the lab signs for bacterial?

A
  • CSF: cloudy, turbulent
  • Glucose= reduced (0-15 mg/dL)
  • WBC elevated
  • Protein elevated (100-500)
  • Positive gram stain
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15
Q

What are the lab signs for viral meningitis?

A
  • CSF: Slightly cloudy
  • Protein normal or slightly elevated (30-100)
  • Glucose=Normal
  • WBC elevated
  • Negative gram stain
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16
Q

What may be the initial sign of meningitis?

A

Seizure

17
Q

What should we monitor if our patient is getting gentmycin to treat their meningitis?

A

Monitor hearing loss

18
Q

If a patient has meningitis do they go to isolation?

A

Yes, isolation for 24 hours if on antibiotics

19
Q

How do we treat cerebral edema?

A

Mannitol

20
Q

Should we elevate the head of a meningitis pt.?

A

Yes

21
Q

How do we reduce stimulation for meningitis pts?

A

Dark room
Limit visitation
IV fluids

22
Q

What helps prevent meningitis?

A

H flu faccine

23
Q

Inflammation of the brain usually caused by a viral infection (ex: like meningitis)

A

Encephalitis

24
Q

What is the most common cause after newborn period for a baby to get encephalitis?

A

HSV1

25
Q

Enteriovirus also can cause encephalitis. What are examples?

A
  1. Echovirus
  2. Adenovirus
  3. Arbovirus
  4. Rabies
  5. Hep B
  6. Bacteria
  7. Parasites
26
Q

Etiology of encephalitis..What is echovirus?

A

Non pruritic, discrete, red, maculo-papular rash

27
Q

What are symptoms of encephalitis?

A

Febril illness with neurologic signs

-personality changes, hallucinations, disorientation, ataxia, seizure, coma, etc

28
Q

T/F: Insect bites can cause encephalitis

A

TRUE

29
Q

T/F: If meningitis is caught early, then the patient may be ok

A

True

30
Q

With encephalitis, ______ normally occurs

A

Neurological impairment

31
Q

Encephalitis usually always end up in the ____

A

ICU

32
Q

A chronic condition that is a complication of an acute condition that begins during that acute condition

A

Sequalae

33
Q

Viral infection affecting the CNS

A

Rabies

34
Q

What are symptoms of rabies?

A

Fever
Malaise
Sore throat
Choking fro laryngospasm

35
Q

Immediately after getting bitten by an animal, what should happen?

A

Get a vaccine–need multiple shots—day of and days 3, 7, 14, and 28

36
Q

Toxic encephalopathy

A

Reyes syndrome

37
Q

What is symptoms of Reyes?

A
  • Fever
  • Impaired consciousness (cerebral edema)
  • Dysfunctional liver (fatty chagnes, increased ammonia levels)
38
Q

What does Reye syndrome usually follow?

A

Flu, varicella—some sort of viral illness

39
Q

What can cause Reyes?

A

ASPIRIN—use of sacalytes (that word is spelt wrong, but something like that)

Pediatrics-MJ (61 decks)

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