T3-Blueprint: Meningitis, Encephalitis, Rabies, & Reye Syndrome Flashcards
Irritation of meninges of the brain due to a bacterial or aseptic infection; potentially fatal
Meningitis
What happens in meningitis?
Infection reaches the CNS, CSF then circulates the pathogens through the brain and SC
What are the 3 different types of meningitis?
Bacterial
Viral
TB
TB meningitis is the biggest sequel to ____
Hydrocephalus
What are subjective s/s to meningitis?
Photophobia
Nausea
Irritability
Headache
What position should we put a meningitis pt in to relieve discomfort?
Opithotinic position–neck and head hyperextended
What is nuchal rigidity
Pain with neck flexion
Do meningitis patients have fever?
Yes, as well as lethargy and irritability
Meningitis is slow or abrupt onset?
Abrupt
How do meningitis patients eat–good or bad?
Poor feeding
Meningitis patients may have increased ICP..What are signs of increased ICP?
Seizures
Chill cry
Vomiting
Bulging fontanel
What is the kerning sign?
Raise the childs leg with knee flexed, then extend childs leg at the knee–if any resistance is noted or pain is felt, it is a positive sign for meningitis
What is the brudinski sign?
Flex the childs head while supine–if this action makes the knees or hips flex involuntarily, this is a positive sign
What is the lab signs for bacterial?
- CSF: cloudy, turbulent
- Glucose= reduced (0-15 mg/dL)
- WBC elevated
- Protein elevated (100-500)
- Positive gram stain
What are the lab signs for viral meningitis?
- CSF: Slightly cloudy
- Protein normal or slightly elevated (30-100)
- Glucose=Normal
- WBC elevated
- Negative gram stain
What may be the initial sign of meningitis?
Seizure
What should we monitor if our patient is getting gentmycin to treat their meningitis?
Monitor hearing loss
If a patient has meningitis do they go to isolation?
Yes, isolation for 24 hours if on antibiotics
How do we treat cerebral edema?
Mannitol
Should we elevate the head of a meningitis pt.?
Yes
How do we reduce stimulation for meningitis pts?
Dark room
Limit visitation
IV fluids
What helps prevent meningitis?
H flu faccine
Inflammation of the brain usually caused by a viral infection (ex: like meningitis)
Encephalitis
What is the most common cause after newborn period for a baby to get encephalitis?
HSV1
Enteriovirus also can cause encephalitis. What are examples?
- Echovirus
- Adenovirus
- Arbovirus
- Rabies
- Hep B
- Bacteria
- Parasites
Etiology of encephalitis..What is echovirus?
Non pruritic, discrete, red, maculo-papular rash
What are symptoms of encephalitis?
Febril illness with neurologic signs
-personality changes, hallucinations, disorientation, ataxia, seizure, coma, etc
T/F: Insect bites can cause encephalitis
TRUE
T/F: If meningitis is caught early, then the patient may be ok
True
With encephalitis, ______ normally occurs
Neurological impairment
Encephalitis usually always end up in the ____
ICU
A chronic condition that is a complication of an acute condition that begins during that acute condition
Sequalae
Viral infection affecting the CNS
Rabies
What are symptoms of rabies?
Fever
Malaise
Sore throat
Choking fro laryngospasm
Immediately after getting bitten by an animal, what should happen?
Get a vaccine–need multiple shots—day of and days 3, 7, 14, and 28
Toxic encephalopathy
Reyes syndrome
What is symptoms of Reyes?
- Fever
- Impaired consciousness (cerebral edema)
- Dysfunctional liver (fatty chagnes, increased ammonia levels)
What does Reye syndrome usually follow?
Flu, varicella—some sort of viral illness
What can cause Reyes?
ASPIRIN—use of sacalytes (that word is spelt wrong, but something like that)
