T. Obesity

Question 1

obesity

Answer 1

an abnormal increase in the proportion of fat cells
Primarily occurs in the visceral and subcutaneous tissues of the body
• BMI 30-40

Question 2

Primary Obesity

Answer 2

resulting from the excess calorie intake over energy expenditure for the body’s metabolic demands.

Question 3

Secondary Obesity

Answer 3

result of:

Congenital anomalies
Chromosomal anomalies
Metabolic problems
Central nervous system lesions and disorders
Neuropeptide Y imbalance

Question 4

Waist-to-hip ratio (WHR):

Answer 4

describes the distribution of both subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue and is calculated using the following formula:

WHR = Waist measurement (cm)/Hip measurement (cm)

Question 5

morbidly obese

Answer 5

BMI over 40

Question 6

Android obesity

Answer 6

• apple-shaped body
• Fat is located primarily in the abdominal area
• Patient at a greater risk for obesity-related complications

Question 7

Gynoid obesity

Answer 7

• pear-shaped body
• Fat is located primarily in the upper legs
• Patient at lower risk for obesity-related complications

Question 8

Metabolic Syndrome

Answer 8

Collection of risk factors that increase an individual’s chance of developing cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus

diagnosed if an individual has three or more of the above conditions:

• increase waist circumference
• high HDL cgolesteral levels
• hypertension
• abdornal fasting glucose level

Question 9

Insulin resistance

Answer 9

diminished ability to respond to insulin. The pancrease response to this my secreting more insulin resulting in hypoinsulinia

Question 10

Restricted food intake

Answer 10

dietitian shoukd be there. Need to be monitored to make sure it’s healthy (fruits and veggies, minerals and vitamins)

Diet classifications
800–1 200 calories: low calorie
<800 calories: very low calorie

Question 11

Behaviour modification

Answer 11

can focus on how and when a person eats and not as much on the diet. People who undergo CBT have longer term weight loss (weight stays off)

behave Modification encompass:

• Physical activity
• Behaviour therapy
• diet intake
• weight loss
• Support groups

Question 12

Orlistat (Xenical)

Answer 12

blocks the fat breakdown in intestine by inhibiting action of intestinal lipases. Undigested fat is excreted in the feces.

Question 13

Restrictive Bariatric

Answer 13

stomach is decreased in size, makes person feel more full quicker and decreases amount of food that can enter stomach

• Normal stomach digestion and intestinal absorption of food
• ↓ Risk of anemia and cobalamin deficiency

Question 14

Malabsorptive Bariatric

Answer 14

Bypass various lengths of the small intestine so that less food is absorbed.

Question 15

Vertical banded gastroplasty

Answer 15

involves creating a small gastric pouch.

Question 16

Adjustable gastric banding

Answer 16

Restrictive Bariatric

A band encircles the stomach, creating a stoma and a gastric pouch with about 30 mL capacity. The band can be adjusted to increase or decrease restriction

Question 17

Biliopancreatic diversion

Answer 17

Malabsorptive Bariatric

70% of the stomach is removed horizontally with anastomosis between the stomach and intestine. This decreased the amount of intestine available for nutrient absorption

Question 18

Vertical sleeve gastrectomy

Answer 18

Restrictive Bariatric

85% of the stomach is removed leaving a sleeve-shaped stomach with 60-150 mL capacity. The function of the stomach is preserved

Question 19

lipectomy (adipectomy)

Answer 19

to remove unsightly adipose folds

liposuction for cosmetic purposes.

Question 20

Roux-en-Y surgical procedure

Answer 20

Combination Surgery

Stomach size is decreased with a gastric pouch anastomosis that empties directly into jejunum.