T. Male

Question 1

Benign prostatic hyperplasia

Answer 1

• aka prostate gland enlargement
• Enlarged prostate gland from increased epithelial cells and stromal tissue.
• can cause uncomfortable urinary symptoms, such as blocking the flow of urine out of the bladder
• About 50% of all men in their lifetime will develop BPH.

Question 2

Prostate Cancer

Answer 2

• Malignant tumour of prostate
• Androgen-dependent adenocarcinoma 
• It is the most common male cancer, excluding skin cancer.
• >75% of cases occur in men >65.
• Spreads by three routes
-- Direct extension
-- Through lymph system
-- Through bloodstream

Question 3

Whitmore-Jewett and tumour–node–metastasis (TNM)

Answer 3

classification systems used to stage prostate cancer

Based on size (volume) and spread

Question 4

Prostatitis

Answer 4

Broad term that describes a group of acute or chronic inflammatory conditions affecting the prostate gland

Question 5

Hypospadias

Answer 5

a birth defect in boys where the opening of the urethra (the tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body) is not located at the tip of the penis.

Question 6

Epispadias

Answer 6

a rare birth defect located at the opening of the urethra. In this condition, the urethra does not develop into a full tube, and the urine exits the body from an abnormal location

Question 7

Phimosis

Answer 7

a condition where the foreskin is too tight to be pulled back over the head of the penis (glans)

Question 8

Paraphimosis

Answer 8

a urologic emergency, occurring in uncircumcised males, in which the foreskin becomes trapped behind the corona and forms a tight band of constricting tissue

Question 9

Priapism

Answer 9

a prolonged erection of the penis.

Question 10

Peyronie’s disease

Answer 10

a connective tissue disorder of the penis that can be likened to Dupuytren’s contracture of the hand. It is characterized by the triad of:

• • bent erections
• • pain in the penis with erections
• • palpable penile plaque.

Question 11

Epididymitis

Answer 11

an inflammation of the small, coiled tube at the back of the testicle

Question 12

Orchitis

Answer 12

an inflammation of one or both testicles

Question 13

Cryptorchidism

Answer 13

a condition in which one or both of the testes fail to descend from the abdomen into the scrotum.

Question 14

Hydrocele

Answer 14

a type of swelling in the scrotum that occurs when fluid collects in the thin sheath surrounding a testicle

Question 15

Spermatocele

Answer 15

an abnormal sac (cyst) that develops in the epididymi

Question 16

Varicocele

Answer 16

an enlargement of the veins within the loose bag of skin that holds your testicles (scrotum)

Question 17

Testicular torsion

Answer 17

• an emergency condition.
• when the spermatic cord, which provides blood flow to the testicle, rotates and becomes twisted.
• the twisting cuts off the testicle’s blood supply and causes sudden pain and swelling.

Question 18

Vasectomy

Answer 18

the surgical cutting and sealing of part of each vas deferens

Question 19

Erectile Dysfunction

Answer 19

• Inability to attain or maintain an erect penis
• Results from physiological or psychological factors
• Vascular disease (most common cause)

Question 20

Andropause

Answer 20

• A gradual decline in androgen secretion that occurs in most men as they age and can begin as early as age 40
• Signs and symptoms include loss of libido, fatigue, ED, depression and mood swings, and sleep disturbances.