T. Adrenal Cortex

Question 1

Adrenal Cortex

Answer 1

• steroid hormones include glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, and androgens.

Question 2

Cushing’s syndrome

Answer 2

• excess of corticosteroids, particularly glucocorticoids
• Weight gain most common feature
• Collagen losses weaken and thin the skin and allow it to bruise more easily.
• Trunk (centripetal obesity)
• moon face
• face with thin, reddened skin
• Cervical area
• Transient weight gain from sodium and water retention
• striae
• hypertention, hypercalcemia

Question 3

Adrenocortical insufficiency (Addison’s Disease)

Answer 3

• hypofunctioning of the adrenal cortex
• Inadequate production of cortisol and aldosterone.
• occurs when 90% or more of both adrenal cortices are dysfunctional or destroyed.
•The patient cannot cope with stress because corticosteroids cannot be produced.
• Abd pain, abnormal menstrual periods, depression, diarrhea
Low blood glucose
Low blood pressure
Nausea

Question 4

Glucocorticoids

Answer 4

Regulate metabolism and ↑ blood glucose

Critical to physiological stress response

Question 5

Mineralocorticoids regulate

Answer 5

Sodium balance

Potassium balance

Question 6

Androgen

Answer 6

contributes to
growth and development in both genders.
sexual activity in adult women.

Question 7

moon face

Answer 7

a medical sign characterized by the face developing a rounded appearance due to fat deposits on the sides of the face.

Question 8

Hirsutism

Answer 8

a condition in women that results in excessive growth of dark or coarse hair in a male-like pattern (Cushing’s syndrome)

Question 9

Hyperaldosteronism

Answer 9

• Characterized by excessive aldosterone secretion
• Main effects of aldosterone are retention of sodium and excretion of potassium and hydrogen ion.
• Hallmark of this disease is hypertension with hypokalemic alkalosis.
• If aldosterone is elevated the may use an aldosterone blocking drug such as spironolactone