T. Cirrhosis Flashcards
Cirrhosis
- the end stage of liver disease
- a late stage of scarring (fibrosis) of the liver caused by many forms of liver diseases
- Eventually, irregular and disorganized regeneration, poor cellular nutrition, and hypoxia caused by inadequate blood flow and scar tissue result in decreased functioning of the liver.
Biliary cirrhosis
- Associated with chronic biliary obstruction
- Diffuse fibrosis of liver with jaundice
- chronic disease in which the bile ducts in your liver are slowly destroyed
Cardiac cirrhosis
From longstanding severe right-sided heart failure
Compensated cirrhosis
Compensated cirrhosis is the asymptomatic stage
Decompensated cirrhosis
an acute deterioration in liver function in a patient with cirrhosis and is characterised by jaundice, ascites, hepatic encephalopathy, hepatorenal syndrome or variceal haemorrhage.
Advanced cirrhosis
- Jaundice
- Peripheral edema
- Ascites
- Thrombo-cytopenia, leukopenia, and anemia.
- Coagulation problems
- Can’t make hormones (estorgen/testosterone/aldosterone)
- deficiencies of thiamine, folic acid, and cobalamin
Portal hypertension
Increased venous pressure in portal circulation
Esophageal varices
- Complex of tortuous veins at lower end of esophagus
- Develop in areas where collateral and systemic circulations communicate
- Contain little elastic tissue and are fragile
gastric varices
- Located in upper portion of stomach
* Complex of tortuous veins
Caput medusae
Ring of varices around the umbilicus
Ascites
- Accumulation of serous fluid in peritoneal or abdominal cavity
- Abdominal distension with weight gain
- Common manifestation of cirrhosis
Peripheral edema
- Decreased Colloidal oncotic pressure from impaired liver synthesis of albumin
- Increased portacaval pressure from portal hypertension
- Occurs as ankle/presacral edema
Hepatic encephalopathy
- Disorder of protein metabolism and excretion
- Liver unable to convert ammonia to urea, or blood shunted past liver through, so ammonia stays in systemic circulation
- Ammonia crosses blood–brain barrier and causes neurological toxic manifestations
- a nervous system disorder brought on by severe liver disease. When the liver doesn’t work properly, toxins build up in the blood. These toxins can travel to the brain and affect brain function.
Asterixis
- Flapping tremors involving arms and hands
* symptoms of hepatic encephalopathy
Fetor hepaticus
- Musty, sweet odour on client’s breath
- Accumulation of digestive by-products that liver is unable to degrade
- symptoms of hepatic encephalopathy
Balloon tamponade
- Controls hemorrhage by compression of varices
* Treats varices
Endoscopic ligation
- Banding of varices
- Treats varices
- procedure that uses elastic bands to treat enlarged veins, or varices, in your esophagus
Endoscopic sclerotherapy
- Injection of a sclerosing agent into the varices, thrombosing and obliterating the distended veins
- Treats varices
Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS)
- Tract (shunt) between systemic and portal venous system
- Used to redirect portal blood flow
- Decreases portal venous pressure and decompresses varices
Hepatorenal Syndrome
Hepatorenal syndrome is a type of renal failure characterized by azotemia, oliguria, and intractable ascites.
Rifaximin
an antibiotic medication used to treat travelers’ diarrhea, irritable bowel syndrome, and hepatic encephalopathy
