T. Female

Question 1

Premenstrual Syndrome

Answer 1

Group of physical and psychological symptoms that occur a few days prior to menses

Question 2

Dysmenorrhea

Answer 2

• Abdominal cramping associated with menstrual flow
• Starts 12–24 hours before onset of menses
• treat with Heat, exercise, and drug therapy

Primary dysmenorrhea is not a disease; it is caused by excess prostaglandin.
Secondary dysmenorrhea is caused by endometriosis, pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), uterine fibroids.

Question 3

Toxic shock syndrome (TSS)

Answer 3

a cluster of symptoms that involves many systems of the body. Certain bacterial infections release toxins into the bloodstream, which then spreads the toxins to body organs. This can cause severe damage and illness

Question 4

Ectopic Pregnancy

Answer 4

• Implantation of fertilized ovum outside of the uterine cavity
• Majority occur in fallopian tube
• Life-threatening
• Primary approach is surgery.

Question 5

Perimenopause

Answer 5

begins with the first changes in menstruation.

: Irregular menses, vasomotor instability, atrophy, stress/urge incontinence, breast tenderness, mood changes

Question 6

Menopause

Answer 6

is the physiological cessation of menses; it is considered complete after 1 year.

Question 7

Postmenopause

Answer 7

is the time after menopause.
Age ranges from 44 to 55 years; average age is 51 years.

Cessation of menses, occasional vasomotor symptoms, atrophy, stress and urge incontinence, osteoporosis

Question 8

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

Answer 8

• an infection of one or more of the upper reproductive organs, including the uterus, fallopian tubes and ovaries.
• Often result of untreated cervicitis
• Chlamydia and gonococcal infection most common

Question 9

Endometriosis

Answer 9

• Presence of normal endometrial tissue in sites outside of the endometrial cavity
• Chocolate cysts (are noncancerous, fluid-filled cysts that typically form deep within the ovaries.)

Question 10

Benign Tumours

• Leiomyomas
• Cervical polyps
• Benign ovarian tumours

Answer 10

Leiomyomas
- benign tumors that originate in smooth muscle cells of the myometrium

Cervical polyps
- growths that usually appear on the cervix where it opens into the vagina

Benign ovarian tumours
- start from the cells that cover the outer surface of the ovary

Question 11

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)

Answer 11

• a condition in which the ovaries produce an abnormal amount of androgens, male sex hormones that are usually present in women in small amounts
• bening cysts on ovary

Question 12

Cervical Cancer

Answer 12

• Progression from normal cervical cells to dysplasia, then to cervical cancer
• Progression occurs slowly over years.
• Cervical cancer screening recommended for sexually active women between the ages of 21 and 69
• Pap test recommended every • 1–3 years
• HPV vaccines

Question 13

Endometrial or Uterine Cancer

Answer 13

Major risk factor is estrogen.

Most are adenocarcinomas

Question 14

Uterine prolapse

Answer 14

Downward displacement of the uterus into the vaginal canal as a result of impaired pelvic support

Question 15

Cystocele

Answer 15

Anterior wall prolapse; occurs when support between the vagina and the bladder is weakened

Question 16

Rectocele

Answer 16

Posterior wall prolapse; results from weakening between the vagina and rectum

Question 17

Fistula

Answer 17

• Abnormal opening between internal organs or between an organ and the exterior of the body
• May develop between the vagina and the bladder (vesicovaginal), the urethra, the ureter, or the rectum (rectovaginal)
• Excoriation and irritation of the vaginal and vulvar tissues occur and may lead to severe infections due to urine, flatus, or feces leaking into vagina.

Question 18

Amenorrhea

Answer 18

the absence of menstruation

Question 19

Oligomenorrhea

Answer 19

infrequent menstrual periods

Question 20

Menorrhagia

Answer 20

heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding

Question 21

Metrorrhagia

Answer 21

Bleeding from the uterus between menstrual periods