T. Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Question 1

Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)

Answer 1

• An autoimmune disease that includes Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis (UCI)
• Characterised by idiopathic inflammation and ulceration.
• Unpredictable periods of remission interspersed with episodes of acute inflammation
• Debilitating.

Question 2

Ulcerative Colitis

Answer 2

• Inflammation and ulceration of the rectum and the colon
• Multiple abscesses develop in the intestinal glands (crypts of Lieberkuhn) which leave ulcerations.
• Diffuse inflammation of the mucosa and the submucosa followed by remission periods
• Mucosal epithelium is destroyed by ulceration causing diarrhea and bleeding.
• Loss of fluid and electrolytes
• Classified (mild, moderate, severe) according to the amount of stools per day.
Severe consists of 10 to 20 episodes of bloody diarrhea per day.

Question 3

Crohn’s Disease

Answer 3

• A chronic IBD of unknown origin that can affect any part of the GI tract from the mouth to anus
• surgery is not effective since the disease often reoccurs, requiring more surgery

Question 4

fistula

Answer 4

A fistula is an abnormal connection or passageway that connects two organs or vessels that do not usually connect.
Ex. complication due to Chris’s disease

Question 5

Barium studies

Answer 5

tests are used to help see the outline of the upper parts of the gut (gastrointestinal tract)

Question 6

Aminosalicylates

Answer 6

Decreases inflammation by suppressing proinflammatory cytokines and other inflammatory mediators

Question 7

Antimicrobials

Answer 7

Prevents or treats secondary infection

An agent that kills microorganisms or stops their growth.

Question 8

Total proctocolectomy with ileal pouch/anal anastomosis

Answer 8

Diverting ileostomy is performed; ileal pouch is created and directly anastomosed to the anus

Question 9

Total Proctocolectomy with Permanent Ileostomy

Answer 9

The colon, rectum, and anus are removed and the anal opening is closed.

Question 10

Malabsorption Syndrome

Answer 10

• Results from impaired absorption of fats, carbohydrates, proteins, minerals, and vitamins
• Lactose intolerance is the most common malabsorption disorder, followed by IBD, celiac disease, tropical sprue, and cystic fibrosis.

Question 11

Celiac Disease

Answer 11

• Autoimmune disease characterized by damage to the small intestinal mucosa from the ingestion of wheat, barley, and rye in genetically susceptible individuals
• Prolamines in the lamina propria bind with human leukocyte antigens and activate an inflammatory response.

Question 12

Lactase Deficiency

Answer 12

• A condition in which the lactase enzyme is deficient or absent
• Acquired lactase deficiency is seen in conjunction with other GI diseases
• Hydrogen breath test

Question 13

Short Bowel Syndrome

Answer 13

• From extensive resection of the small intestine
• Characterized by rapid intestinal transit, impaired digestive and absorption processes, and fluid and electrolyte losses
• Recections up to 50% of SI cause very little disturbances (especially if values are intact)