T. Lower Gastrointestinal Problems Flashcards
1
Q
Diarrhea
A
- Frequent passage of loose, water stool
- Caused by Decreased fluid absorption; Increased fluid secretion; Motility disturbance
- Chronic: persists for at least 2 weeks or subsides and returns
2
Q
Tenesmus
A
is the feeling that you need to pass stools, even though your bowels are already empty. It may involve straining, pain, and cramping
3
Q
Antidiarrheal Agents
A
- Used to coat and protect mucous membranes,
- absorb irritating substances
- inhibit GI motility
- decrease intestinal secretions
- decrease central nervous system stimulation of the GI tract
4
Q
Fecal Incontinence
A
- Involuntary passage of stool
- Can be caused by motor or sensory problems or their combination can result in fecal incontinence.
- Can have this with impaction where the fecal goes around the impacted stool
- Assessment should include history of multiple or traumatic childbirth, previous anorectal surgery and injury.
5
Q
Constipation
A
- Change in amount of bowel movements.
- Stool is hard, difficult to pass
- Decrease in stool volume
- Stool retention.
- Fluid intake should be at least 3000mL per day and never increase fiber without increasing fluids as it’ll worsen constipation
6
Q
Valsalva Manoeuvre
A
- Used during straining to pass a hardened stool.
- May cause serious problems with individuals who have heart failure, cerebral edema, hypertension and CAD
- Causes increased intra-abdominal pressure and increased intrathoracic pressure which decreases venous return.
- Temporary bradycardia, decreased cardiac output and a transient drop in arterial pressure.
- Then when the patient relaxed there is a decreased in thoracic pressure and a sudden flow of blood flow to the heard which causes distension and in increase in heart rate.
7
Q
Acute Abdominal Pain
A
- Include conditions related to inflammation, peritonitis, obstruction and internal bleeding
- Pain is the presenting symptom
- Disorders are often ruled out in order to confirm a diagnosis.
- takes VS, pain assessment, abdominal assessment and treat associated symptoms
- Pain management can help the person localize the pain and therefore quicken treatment
8
Q
Chronic Abdominal Pain
A
caused by chronic conditions like:
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) Peptic ulcer disease Diverticulitis Chronic pancreatitis Hepatitis Cholecystitis Pelvic inflammatory disease Vascular insufficiency
9
Q
Irritable Bowel Syndrome
A
A chronic functional disorder characterized by intermittent and recurrent abdominal pain associated with an alteration in bowel function (diarrhea or constipation or both)
10
Q
Roman III criteria
A
• diagnosis irritable bowl syndrome • abdominal discomfort/pain for at least 3 months with onset over 6 months before, • needs 2 of the following -->pain relieved with defication -->associated with stool frewency -->onset of stool change in appearanve
11
Q
Appendicitis
A
- Inflammation of the appendix
- Periumbilical pain that eventually shifts to the RLQ
- Rovsing sign, Blumberg sign
- Cause = occulusion of appendiceal lumen due to accumulation of feces
- Local application of heat is not advised because it may cause the appendix to rupture.
- NPO until sees doctor
12
Q
Rovsing sign
A
palpate LLQ but pain is felt in RLQ
13
Q
Blumberg sign
A
rebound tenderness
14
Q
Peritonitis
A
- a redness and swelling (inflammation) of the lining of your belly or abdomen
- Primary (due to GI tract organisms or blood born organism) or Secondary (rupture or penetrating trauma)
15
Q
Trauma Peritonitis
A
- due to something containing chemicals
* allowing bacteria or chemicals from other parts of your body to enter the peritoneum
