T. Gall Bladder

Question 1

Cholelithiasis

Answer 1

• Most common disorder of biliary system
• Stones in the gallbladder
• Cause of gallstones unknown
• Develops when balance that keeps cholesterol, bile salts, and calcium in solution is altered
• Bile in gallbladder is supersaturated with cholesterol.
• Precipitation of cholesterol results.

Question 2

Cholecystitis

Answer 2

• Inflammation of the gallbladder
• Usually associated with cholelithiasis
• Most commonly associated with obstruction
– Gallstones or biliary sludge
• In absence of obstruction
– Occurs in older adults and those who have trauma, extensive burns, or recent surgery

Question 3

Bacteria Cholecystitis

Answer 3

Escherichia coli—most common

Question 4

Inflammation Cholecystitis

Answer 4

Major pathophysiological condition
Confined to mucous lining or entire wall
Gallbladder is edematous and hyperemic
May be distended with bile or pus
Cystic duct may become occluded

edematous - swollen with an excessive accumulation of fluid.
Hyperemia is when your blood adjusts to support different tissues throughout your body

Question 5

Acalculous cholecystitis

Answer 5

can also occur as a result of prolonged immobility and fasting, prolonged parenteral nutrition, and diabetes mellitus.

cholecystitis that occurs without a gallstone

Question 6

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Answer 6

Removal of gallbladder through one to four puncture holes

Question 7

Open cholecystectomy

Answer 7

Removal of gallbladder through right subcostal incision

T tube inserted into the common bile duct

Question 8

Transhepatic Biliary Catheter

Answer 8

Inoperable liver, pancreatic or bile duct carcinoma obstructs bile flow
Inserted percutaneously
Allows for decompression of obstructed extrahepatic bile ducts
After insertion, catheter is connected to drainage bag

Question 9

Gallbladder Cancer

Answer 9

• The majority of gallbladder carcinomas are adenocarcinomas and arise in the inner lining of the gallbladder.
• There seems to be a definite relationship between cancer of the
• When found early, surgery can be curative.

Question 10

Biliary colic

Answer 10

is a steady or intermittent ache in the upper abdomen, usually under the right side of the rib cage. It happens when something blocks the normal flow of bile from the gallbladder.

colic is a pain, usually intestinal or urinary in nature, that comes and goes and that intensifies and then gradually eases

Question 11

ERCP with a sphincterotomy

Answer 11

(clipping the sphincter of Oddi that connects the common bile duct to the duodenum) allows visualization of the biliary system, dilation of duct strictures, stent placement, and stone removal.

Question 12

Extracorporeal Shock-wave Lithotripsy (ESWL)

Answer 12

ESWL uses high-energy shock waves to break up gallstones.