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T-Cell Mediated Immunity (PP) Flashcards

1
Q

CTLA-4 function

so 3

Characterize the T-cell Receptor complex and its function, including its interaction with co-stimulators, within the context of maturation, activation, and differentiation of T cells.

A

It functions to mediates suppressive function of regulatory T cells

ch 5

Powerpoint: proteins of the B7 and CD28 families

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2
Q

CTLA-4 is a _____ -binding protein ?

SO 3

Characterize the T-cell Receptor complex and its function, including its interaction with co-stimulators, within the context of maturation, activation, and differentiation of T cells.

A

CTLA-4 is a B7-binding protein, B7-2

ch 5

Powerpoint: proteins of the B7 and CD28 families

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3
Q

CTLA-4 is expressed where?

SO 3

Characterize the T-cell Receptor complex and its function, including its interaction with co-stimulators, within the context of maturation, activation, and differentiation of T cells.

A

expressed transiently on activated CD4 + T cells and constitutively on regulatory T cells

CH 5

Proteins of the B7 and CD28 families.

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4
Q

CTLA-4 works by ?

SO 3

Characterize the T-cell Receptor complex and its function, including its interaction with co-stimulators, within the context of maturation, activation, and differentiation of T cells.

A

blocking and removing B7 molecules from the surface of APCs, thus reducing costimulation by CD28 and preventing the activation of T cells.

CH 5

Proteins of the B7 and CD28 families.

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5
Q

Th2 cells defining cyotkines?

SO 3

Characterize the T-cell Receptor complex and its function, including its interaction with co-stimulators, within the context of maturation, activation, and differentiation of T cells.

A

IL-4, IL-5, IL-13

CH 6

charactieristics of subsets of cd4+ helper t lymophocytes

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6
Q

IL-4 and IL-13 inhibits the

SO 3

Characterize the T-cell Receptor complex and its function, including its interaction with co-stimulators, within the context of maturation, activation, and differentiation of T cells.

A

classical pathway of macrophage activation

ch 6

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7
Q

What Interlukin stimulates anti-inflammatory reactions carried out by alternatively activated macrophages

SO 3

Characterize the T-cell Receptor complex and its function, including its interaction with co-stimulators, within the context of maturation, activation, and differentiation of T cells.

A

IL-4 AND IL-13

ch 6

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8
Q

Th2 cells release IL-4 and IL-13 for

SO 3

Characterize the T-cell Receptor complex and its function, including its interaction with co-stimulators, within the context of maturation, activation, and differentiation of T cells.

A

intestinal mucus secretion and peristalsis, alternative macrophage activation

ch 6

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9
Q

IL-2 drives proliferation of

SO 3

Characterize the T-cell Receptor complex and its function, including its interaction with co-stimulators, within the context of maturation, activation, and differentiation of T cells.

A

T Cells
Book: The cytokine interleukin-2 (IL-2), which is produced by antigen-activated T cells, stimulates proliferation of these cells, resulting in a rapid increase in the number of antigen-specific lymphocytes, a process called clonal expansion.

ch 5

Steps in the activation of T Lymphocytes

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10
Q

Th1 secretes?

SO 3

Characterize the T-cell Receptor complex and its function, including its interaction with co-stimulators, within the context of maturation, activation, and differentiation of T cells.

A

secretes IFN-gamma to increase phagocytic activity of macrophages

ch 5

charactieristics of subsets of cd4+ helper t lymophocytes

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11
Q

Th17 cells induce inflammatory reactions that

SO 3

Characterize the T-cell Receptor complex and its function, including its interaction with co-stimulators, within the context of maturation, activation, and differentiation of T cells.

A

destroy extracellular bacteria and fungi

ch 6

charactieristics of subsets of cd4+ helper t lymophocytes

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12
Q

The major cytokines produced by Th17 cells are

SO 3

Characterize the T-cell Receptor complex and its function, including its interaction with co-stimulators, within the context of maturation, activation, and differentiation of T cells.

A

IL-17 and IL-22

ch 6

charactieristics of subsets of cd4+ helper t lymophocytes

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13
Q

TH1 cells are the class of lymphocytes that

A

proliferate during a type IV hypersensitivity reaction.

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14
Q

Interleukin-12, released from macrophages, induces the differentiation of

A

T cells to TH1 cells

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15
Q

Naive T lymphocytes that recognize antigens in the secondary (peripheral) lymphoid organs respond by proliferation and differentiation into

Induction and effector phases of cell-mediated immunity. chapter 5

A

effector cells

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16
Q

effector cells perform their function when

Induction and effector phases of cell-mediated immunity. chapter 5

A

which perform their functions when they are activated by the same antigens in any infected tissue

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17
Q

naive cells are incapable of

Induction and effector phases of cell-mediated immunity. chapter 5

A

eliminating the microbes.

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18
Q

where does antigen recogniton happen?

Induction and effector phases of cell-mediated immunity.chapter 5

A

lymph node

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19
Q

IL-2 gets you to

Steps in the activation of T lymphocytes. ch 5

A

proliferation

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20
Q

IL-12 helps in

Steps in the activation of T lymphocytes. ch 5

A

differentiation

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21
Q

naive cells will secrete cytokines (IL-2) and bind to

Steps in the activation of T lymphocytes. ch 5

A

it’s own receptor

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22
Q

The T cell receptor (TCR) recognizes ? where is it expressed on?

ch 5 Receptors and ligands involved in T cell activation and inhibition.

A

MHC-associated peptide antigens, expressed on T cells

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23
Q

CD4 and CD8 coreceptors are expressed on?
what are they’re functions?

ch 5 Receptors and ligands involved in T cell activation and inhibition.

A

APC, help the TCR complex deliver activating signals

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24
Q

CD28 function and ligand?

ch 5 Receptors and ligands involved in T cell activation and inhibition.

A

costimulatory receptor: delivers activating signals,ligands on B7-1/B7-2 on APC

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25
CTLA-4 function and ligand? ## Footnote ch 5 Receptors and ligands involved in T cell activation and inhibition.
inhibitor: blocks costimulary signals,ligands on B7-1/B7-2 on APC
26
PD-1 function and ligand? ## Footnote ch 5 Receptors and ligands involved in T cell activation and inhibition.
inhibitor: blocks costimulary and TCR signals,ligands on PD-L1/PD-L2 on tissue and tumor cells think: police department will inhibit you
27
LFA-1 function and ligand? ## Footnote ch5 Receptors and ligands involved in T cell activation and inhibition.
adhesion, ligands ICAM-1 on APC and endothelium think: LGA (Airport) has cameras
28
The TCR and the CD4 or CD8 coreceptor together recognize peptide antigens and MHC on APCs, and this recognition provides the initate ## Footnote Antigen recognition and signal transduction during T cell activation. chapter 5
signal for T cell activation
29
CD3 and ζ tails (zeta) to initiate ## Footnote Antigen recognition and signal transduction during T cell activation. chapter 5
initiate signal transduction
30
CD4 binding prompts LCK, then what does the LCK do? ## Footnote Antigen recognition and signal transduction during T cell activation. chapter 5
phosphorylates ITAM regions
31
ITAMs ## Footnote Antigen recognition and signal transduction during T cell activation. chapter 5
which are critical for signaling
32
CD3 and ζ (zeta chain ) contain motifs called ## Footnote Antigen recognition and signal transduction during T cell activation. chapter 5 and Signal transduction pathways in T lymphocytes.
immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs (ITAMs)
33
Resting antigen-presenting cells (APCs), which have not been exposed to microbes , may present peptide antigens, but they ______ (do/ do not) express costimulators ## Footnote Role of costimulation in T cell activation. Chapter 5
do not express and are unable to activate naive T cells
34
T cells that recognize antigen without costimulation ? ## Footnote Role of costimulation in T cell activation. Chapter 5
may die or become unresponsive (tolerant) to another exposure to antigen
35
B7 costimulators are recognized by the ## Footnote Role of costimulation in T cell activation. Chapter 5
CD28 receptor on naive T cells
36
absence of CD28:B7 interactions, antigen recognition by the TCR is ## Footnote Role of costimulation in T cell activation. Chapter 5
insufficient for initiating T cell responses
37
CD28 major function? ## Footnote Proteins of the B7 and CD28 families. Chapter 5
activation of naive T cells
38
ICOS major function? ## Footnote Proteins of the B7 and CD28 families. Chapter 5
activation of follicular helper T cells in antibody responses
39
CD40 ligand (CD40L, or CD154) on activated T cells and CD40 on ## Footnote Proteins of the B7 and CD28 families. Chapter 5
APCs
40
CD40L expressed on an antigen-stimulated T cell binds to CD40 on APCs and activates the APCs to express more ? ## Footnote Proteins of the B7 and CD28 families. Chapter 5
B7 costimulators and to secrete cytokines (e.g., IL-12) that enhance T cell differentiation
41
CD4 binding sends ## Footnote Role of CD4 + T cells in activation of CD8 + T cells. Chapter 5
signals
42
The initiation of CD8 + T cell activation often requires cytosolic antigen from one cell (e.g., virus-infected or tumor cell) to be cross-presented by ## Footnote Role of CD4 + T cells in activation of CD8 + T cells. Chapter 5
dendritic cells
43
differentiation of naive CD8 + T cells into fully active CTLs and memory cells may require the concomitant activation of ? ## Footnote Role of CD4 + T cells in activation of CD8 + T cells. Chapter 5
CD4 + helper T cells
44
CD69 is a marker of T cell activation involved in ## Footnote Proteins produced by antigen-stimulated T cells. CH5
cell migration 6 and 9 cells move
45
the interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R) binds the cytokine IL-2 and generates signals that ## Footnote Proteins produced by antigen-stimulated T cells. CH5
promote T cell survival and proliferation think: because of il2 they survive and multiply
46
CD40 ligand is an ## Footnote Proteins produced by antigen-stimulated T cells. CH5
effector molecule of T cells
47
CTLA-4 is an inhibitor of ## Footnote Proteins produced by antigen-stimulated T cells. CH5
immune responses
48
CTLA-4 decreases the expression of ## Footnote Proteins produced by antigen-stimulated T cells. CH5
B7 on APC also: the function of regulatory T cells
49
Zap-70 is a ## Footnote Signal transduction pathways in T lymphocytes. chapter 5
zeta activating protein, needed to bind for any other down stream signaling.
50
Nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) is a transcription factor present in ## Footnote Signal transduction pathways in T lymphocytes. chapter 5
inactive phosphorylated form in the cytosol of resting T cells.
51
c-FOS and phosphorylated c-JUN combine to form the transcription factor activator protein 1 (AP-1), which ## Footnote Signal transduction pathways in T lymphocytes. chapter 5
enhances the transcription of several T cell genes. think: get an AP (watch) to be enhanced
52
TCR signaling consists of activation of the θ isoform of the serine-threonine kinase called protein kinase C (PKCθ), which leads to activation of the ## Footnote Signal transduction pathways in T lymphocytes. chapter 5
transcription factor NF-κB
53
In response to antigen and costimulators, T lymphocytes, especially CD4 + T cells, rapidly secrete? ## Footnote Role of interleukin-2 and IL-2 receptors in T cell proliferation.chapter 5
secrete the cytokine IL-2
54
increase expression of the high-affinity IL-2 receptor, rapidly enhancing the ability of the ? ## Footnote Role of interleukin-2 and IL-2 receptors in T cell proliferation.chapter 5
T cells to bind and respond to IL-2
55
The principal functions of IL-2 are to? ## Footnote Role of interleukin-2 and IL-2 receptors in T cell proliferation.chapter 5
stimulate the survival and proliferation of T cells think: i need you 2 survive
56
IL-2 was originally called T cell growth factor. The high-affinity IL-2 receptor is expressed on _____ , so these cells are very sensitive to IL-2 ## Footnote Role of interleukin-2 and IL-2 receptors in T cell proliferation.chapter 5
regulatory T cells
57
which one is more? CD8+ T Cells or CD4+ T Cells ## Footnote Expansion and decline of T cell responses. ch 5
You have a lot more CD8+ t cells made than CD4 + T Cell
58
how many days does it take for proliferation to occur? ## Footnote Expansion and decline of T cell responses. ch 5
T lymphocytes activated by antigen and costimulation begin to proliferate within 1 or 2 days, resulting in expansion of antigen-specific clones
59
When naive CD4 + T cells are activated in ________ ?, they proliferate and differentiate into ______ cell? ## Footnote Development of effector CD4 + T cells. ch 5
secondary lymphoid organs, they proliferate and differentiate into effector cell
60
Other differentiated cells, called follicular helper T (Tfh) cells, remain in the lymphoid organ and ______ ? ## Footnote Development of effector CD4 + T cells. ch 5
help B cells to produce potent antibodies.
61
Some of the progeny of antigen-stimulated, proliferating T cells differentiate into effector cells whose function is to ? ## Footnote Development of effector CD4 + T cells. ch 5
eradicate infections.
62
Receptors need to be present before you can come to the lymph node and leave the lymph nodes ## Footnote Migration of naive and effector T lymphocytes. ch 5
pass
63
Naive T lymphocytes home to lymph nodes as a result of L-selectin, integrin, and chemokine receptor ____? ## Footnote Migration of naive and effector T lymphocytes. ch 5
CCR7 binds to their ligands on high endothelial venules think: 7-eleven, select 7
64
CCR7 ligands on? ## Footnote Migration of naive and effector T lymphocytes. ch 5
CCL19 OR CCL21
65
CCR7 FUNCTION? ## Footnote Migration of naive and effector T lymphocytes. ch 5
activation of integrins and chemotaxis
66
E selectin and p selectin have? ## Footnote Migration of naive and effector T lymphocytes. ch 5
Weak adhesion of effector and memory T cells to cytokine-activated endothelium at peripheral site of infection think: your EP is weak
67
Effector T cells of the CD4 + Th1 and Th17 subsets recognize antigens and secrete cytokines that recruit leukocytes (inflammation) and activate ___ ## Footnote Cell-mediated immunity. ch 6
phagocytes to kill the microbes.
68
Effector cells of the Th2 subset recruit ## Footnote Cell-mediated immunity. ch 6
recruit eosinophils, which destroy helminthic parasites.
69
Tfh defining cytokines? ## Footnote Characteristics of subsets of CD4 + helper T lymphocytes. ch 6
IL-21 (IFN-y or IL-4)
70
Tfh recruit and activate ## Footnote Characteristics of subsets of CD4 + helper T lymphocytes. ch 6
B cells
71
IL-4, action ## Footnote Properties of the major cytokines produced by CD4 + helper T lymphocytes. ch 6
B cell switching to IgE; alternative macrophage activation - th2, mast cells
72
IL-5 action ## Footnote Properties of the major cytokines produced by CD4 + helper T lymphocytes. ch 6
activation of eosinophils - th2, mast cells
73
IL-13 ## Footnote Properties of the major cytokines produced by CD4 + helper T lymphocytes. ch 6
B cell switching to IgE; alternative macrophage activation - th2, mast cells
74
IL-17, action ## Footnote Properties of the major cytokines produced by CD4 + helper T lymphocytes. ch 6
Stimulation of acute inflammation think: 17 is cute
75
IL-21 ## Footnote Properties of the major cytokines produced by CD4 + helper T lymphocytes. ch 6
B cell activation; Tfh differentiation
76
IL-22 action ## Footnote Properties of the major cytokines produced by CD4 + helper T lymphocytes. ch 6
maintenance of epithelial barrier function - th17, nk cells
77
IFN-gamma is involved in what type of activation? ## Footnote Functions of Th1 cells. ch 6
classical marcophage activation
78
th1 cells produce the cytokine ____ ## Footnote Functions of Th1 cells. ch 6
interferon-γ , ifn
79
Th1 cells, acting through CD40 ligand and IFN-γ, increase the ? ## Footnote Functions of Th1 cells. ch 6
ability of macrophages to kill phagocytosed microbes
80
differentiation of naive CD4 + T cells to Th1 effector cells is driven by a combination of antigen-induced T cell receptor (TCR) signaling and the cytokines _____? ## Footnote Differentiation of Th1 effector cells. ch6
IL-12 and IFN-γ
81
in response to many bacteria (especially bacteria that can live within phagocytes) and viruses, dendritic cells and macrophages produce ____ ## Footnote Differentiation of Th1 effector cells. ch6
produce IL-12,
82
natural killer (NK) cells produce ## Footnote Differentiation of Th1 effector cells. ch6
produce IFN-γ
83
IL-12 and IFN-γ activate the transcription factors ____- and ___respectively | note: mesinze il12 goes with 4 and ifn goes with 1 ## Footnote Differentiation of Th1 effector cells. ch6
STAT4 and STAT1, | note: mesinze il12 goes with 4 and ifn goes with 1
84
antigen-induced signals in combination with the cytokines induce the expression of a transcription factor called ____ that is essential for Th1 development and function ## Footnote Differentiation of Th1 effector cells. ch6
T-BET
85
IFN-γ not only activates macrophages to kill ingested microbes but also promotes more Th1 development and inhibits the development of ___ and ____ cells ## Footnote Differentiation of Th1 effector cells. ch6
Th2 and Th17 cells
86
Differentiation of naive CD4 + T cells to Th2 cells is initiated by cytokines secreted by damaged epithelial cells, including IL-25, IL-33, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), and then further stimulated by IL-4, which may be produced by? ## Footnote Differentiation of Th2 effector cells. ch6
mast cells, other tissue cells, and T cells themselves at sites of helminth infection
87
IL-4 activates the transcription factor STAT6 and antigen-induced signals in combination with IL-4 induce expression of a transcription factor _____ ## Footnote Differentiation of Th2 effector cells. ch6
GATA-3, which is required for Th2 differentiation.
88
IL-4 produced by Th2 cells enhances ## Footnote Differentiation of Th2 effector cells. ch6
further Th2 differentiation, thus amplifying the Th2 response.
89
Recognition of fungal glycans and bacterial peptidoglycans and lipopeptides by innate immune receptors on dendritic cells stimulates the secretion of several cytokines, including ___? 3 ## Footnote Differentiation of Th17 effector cells. ch 6
IL-1, IL-6, and IL-23. IL-6 and IL-23 activate the transcription factor STAT3
90
signals induced by these cytokines and another cytokine called transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), in combination with TCR signals, induce the expression of the transcription factor ___- , which works together with STAT3 to promote Th17 differentiation. ## Footnote Differentiation of Th17 effector cells. ch 6
RORγT
91
the expression of the transcription factor RORγT, which works together with STAT3 to ## Footnote Differentiation of Th17 effector cells. ch 6
promote Th17 differentiation
92
Interestingly, TGF-β is an inhibitor of many immune responses, but when present together with IL-6 or IL-1, it ? ## Footnote Differentiation of Th17 effector cells. ch 6
promotes the development of Th17 cells.
93
Th2 cytokines induce ## Footnote Classical and alternative macrophage activation. ch 6
alternative macrophage activation, so called to distinguish it from classical activation
94
Th2 cells are involved in
allergic reactions to environmental antigens
95
th17 functions
inflammation , neutrophil response, anti
96
Th17 cells induce inflammatory reactions that ? ## Footnote Functions of Th17 cells.
destroy bacteria and fungi
97
Th17 cells produce the cytokine interleukin-17 (IL-17), which induces the production of ? recuits?
chemokines and recruit neutrophils into the site of inflammation
98
IL-22 produced by Th17 cells induces epithelial cell defensin production, which helps to? promote?
maintain the integrity of epithelial barriers, and may promote repair of damaged epithelia
99
# HSV mechanism
inhibition of antigen presentation : HSV peptide intefes with TAP transport
100
# EBV Mechanism
inhibit of antigen presentation, inhibit of proteasomal activity
101
# ebv mechanism 2
production of IL-10, inhibit of macrophage and dendritic cell activation

Microbiology (21 decks)

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