T-Cell Mediated Immunity (PP) Flashcards
CTLA-4 function
so 3
Characterize the T-cell Receptor complex and its function, including its interaction with co-stimulators, within the context of maturation, activation, and differentiation of T cells.
It functions to mediates suppressive function of regulatory T cells
ch 5
Powerpoint: proteins of the B7 and CD28 families
CTLA-4 is a _____ -binding protein ?
SO 3
Characterize the T-cell Receptor complex and its function, including its interaction with co-stimulators, within the context of maturation, activation, and differentiation of T cells.
CTLA-4 is a B7-binding protein, B7-2
ch 5
Powerpoint: proteins of the B7 and CD28 families
CTLA-4 is expressed where?
SO 3
Characterize the T-cell Receptor complex and its function, including its interaction with co-stimulators, within the context of maturation, activation, and differentiation of T cells.
expressed transiently on activated CD4 + T cells and constitutively on regulatory T cells
CH 5
Proteins of the B7 and CD28 families.
CTLA-4 works by ?
SO 3
Characterize the T-cell Receptor complex and its function, including its interaction with co-stimulators, within the context of maturation, activation, and differentiation of T cells.
blocking and removing B7 molecules from the surface of APCs, thus reducing costimulation by CD28 and preventing the activation of T cells.
CH 5
Proteins of the B7 and CD28 families.
Th2 cells defining cyotkines?
SO 3
Characterize the T-cell Receptor complex and its function, including its interaction with co-stimulators, within the context of maturation, activation, and differentiation of T cells.
IL-4, IL-5, IL-13
CH 6
charactieristics of subsets of cd4+ helper t lymophocytes
IL-4 and IL-13 inhibits the
SO 3
Characterize the T-cell Receptor complex and its function, including its interaction with co-stimulators, within the context of maturation, activation, and differentiation of T cells.
classical pathway of macrophage activation
ch 6
What Interlukin stimulates anti-inflammatory reactions carried out by alternatively activated macrophages
SO 3
Characterize the T-cell Receptor complex and its function, including its interaction with co-stimulators, within the context of maturation, activation, and differentiation of T cells.
IL-4 AND IL-13
ch 6
Th2 cells release IL-4 and IL-13 for
SO 3
Characterize the T-cell Receptor complex and its function, including its interaction with co-stimulators, within the context of maturation, activation, and differentiation of T cells.
intestinal mucus secretion and peristalsis, alternative macrophage activation
ch 6
IL-2 drives proliferation of
SO 3
Characterize the T-cell Receptor complex and its function, including its interaction with co-stimulators, within the context of maturation, activation, and differentiation of T cells.
T Cells
Book: The cytokine interleukin-2 (IL-2), which is produced by antigen-activated T cells, stimulates proliferation of these cells, resulting in a rapid increase in the number of antigen-specific lymphocytes, a process called clonal expansion.
ch 5
Steps in the activation of T Lymphocytes
Th1 secretes?
SO 3
Characterize the T-cell Receptor complex and its function, including its interaction with co-stimulators, within the context of maturation, activation, and differentiation of T cells.
secretes IFN-gamma to increase phagocytic activity of macrophages
ch 5
charactieristics of subsets of cd4+ helper t lymophocytes
Th17 cells induce inflammatory reactions that
SO 3
Characterize the T-cell Receptor complex and its function, including its interaction with co-stimulators, within the context of maturation, activation, and differentiation of T cells.
destroy extracellular bacteria and fungi
ch 6
charactieristics of subsets of cd4+ helper t lymophocytes
The major cytokines produced by Th17 cells are
SO 3
Characterize the T-cell Receptor complex and its function, including its interaction with co-stimulators, within the context of maturation, activation, and differentiation of T cells.
IL-17 and IL-22
ch 6
charactieristics of subsets of cd4+ helper t lymophocytes
TH1 cells are the class of lymphocytes that
proliferate during a type IV hypersensitivity reaction.
Interleukin-12, released from macrophages, induces the differentiation of
T cells to TH1 cells
Naive T lymphocytes that recognize antigens in the secondary (peripheral) lymphoid organs respond by proliferation and differentiation into
Induction and effector phases of cell-mediated immunity. chapter 5
effector cells
effector cells perform their function when
Induction and effector phases of cell-mediated immunity. chapter 5
which perform their functions when they are activated by the same antigens in any infected tissue
naive cells are incapable of
Induction and effector phases of cell-mediated immunity. chapter 5
eliminating the microbes.
where does antigen recogniton happen?
Induction and effector phases of cell-mediated immunity.chapter 5
lymph node
IL-2 gets you to
Steps in the activation of T lymphocytes. ch 5
proliferation
IL-12 helps in
Steps in the activation of T lymphocytes. ch 5
differentiation
naive cells will secrete cytokines (IL-2) and bind to
Steps in the activation of T lymphocytes. ch 5
it’s own receptor
The T cell receptor (TCR) recognizes ? where is it expressed on?
ch 5 Receptors and ligands involved in T cell activation and inhibition.
MHC-associated peptide antigens, expressed on T cells
CD4 and CD8 coreceptors are expressed on?
what are they’re functions?
ch 5 Receptors and ligands involved in T cell activation and inhibition.
APC, help the TCR complex deliver activating signals
CD28 function and ligand?
ch 5 Receptors and ligands involved in T cell activation and inhibition.
costimulatory receptor: delivers activating signals,ligands on B7-1/B7-2 on APC
CTLA-4 function and ligand?
ch 5 Receptors and ligands involved in T cell activation and inhibition.
inhibitor: blocks costimulary signals,ligands on B7-1/B7-2 on APC
PD-1 function and ligand?
ch 5 Receptors and ligands involved in T cell activation and inhibition.
inhibitor: blocks costimulary and TCR signals,ligands on PD-L1/PD-L2 on tissue and tumor cells
think: police department will inhibit you
LFA-1 function and ligand?
ch5 Receptors and ligands involved in T cell activation and inhibition.
adhesion, ligands ICAM-1 on APC and endothelium
think: LGA (Airport) has cameras
The TCR and the CD4 or CD8 coreceptor together recognize peptide antigens and MHC on APCs, and this recognition provides the initate
Antigen recognition and signal transduction during T cell activation.
chapter 5
signal for T cell activation
CD3 and ζ tails (zeta) to initiate
Antigen recognition and signal transduction during T cell activation.
chapter 5
initiate signal transduction
CD4 binding prompts LCK, then what does the LCK do?
Antigen recognition and signal transduction during T cell activation.
chapter 5
phosphorylates ITAM regions
ITAMs
Antigen recognition and signal transduction during T cell activation.
chapter 5
which are critical for signaling
CD3 and ζ (zeta chain ) contain motifs called
Antigen recognition and signal transduction during T cell activation.
chapter 5 and Signal transduction pathways in T lymphocytes.
immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs (ITAMs)
Resting antigen-presenting cells (APCs), which have not been exposed to microbes , may present peptide antigens, but they ______ (do/ do not) express costimulators
Role of costimulation in T cell activation. Chapter 5
do not express and are unable to activate naive T cells
T cells that recognize antigen without costimulation ?
Role of costimulation in T cell activation. Chapter 5
may die or become unresponsive (tolerant) to another exposure to antigen
B7 costimulators are recognized by the
Role of costimulation in T cell activation. Chapter 5
CD28 receptor on naive T cells
absence of CD28:B7 interactions, antigen recognition by the TCR is
Role of costimulation in T cell activation. Chapter 5
insufficient for initiating T cell responses
CD28 major function?
Proteins of the B7 and CD28 families. Chapter 5
activation of naive T cells
ICOS major function?
Proteins of the B7 and CD28 families. Chapter 5
activation of follicular helper T cells in antibody responses
CD40 ligand (CD40L, or CD154) on activated T cells and CD40 on
Proteins of the B7 and CD28 families. Chapter 5
APCs
CD40L expressed on an antigen-stimulated T cell binds to CD40 on APCs and activates the APCs to express more ?
Proteins of the B7 and CD28 families. Chapter 5
B7 costimulators and to secrete cytokines (e.g., IL-12) that enhance T cell differentiation
CD4 binding sends
Role of CD4 + T cells in activation of CD8 + T cells. Chapter 5
signals
The initiation of CD8 + T cell activation often requires cytosolic antigen from one cell (e.g., virus-infected or tumor cell) to be cross-presented by
Role of CD4 + T cells in activation of CD8 + T cells. Chapter 5
dendritic cells
differentiation of naive CD8 + T cells into fully active CTLs and memory cells may require the concomitant activation of ?
Role of CD4 + T cells in activation of CD8 + T cells. Chapter 5
CD4 + helper T cells
CD69 is a marker of T cell activation involved in
Proteins produced by antigen-stimulated T cells. CH5
cell migration
6 and 9 cells move
the interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R) binds the cytokine IL-2 and generates signals that
Proteins produced by antigen-stimulated T cells. CH5
promote T cell survival and proliferation
think: because of il2 they survive and multiply
CD40 ligand is an
Proteins produced by antigen-stimulated T cells. CH5
effector molecule of T cells
CTLA-4 is an inhibitor of
Proteins produced by antigen-stimulated T cells. CH5
immune responses
CTLA-4 decreases the expression of
Proteins produced by antigen-stimulated T cells. CH5
B7 on APC
also: the function of regulatory T cells
Zap-70 is a
Signal transduction pathways in T lymphocytes. chapter 5
zeta activating protein, needed to bind for any other down stream signaling.
Nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) is a transcription factor present in
Signal transduction pathways in T lymphocytes. chapter 5
inactive phosphorylated form in the cytosol of resting T cells.
c-FOS and phosphorylated c-JUN combine to form the transcription factor activator protein 1 (AP-1), which
Signal transduction pathways in T lymphocytes. chapter 5
enhances the transcription of several T cell genes.
think: get an AP (watch) to be enhanced
TCR signaling consists of activation of the θ isoform of the serine-threonine kinase called protein kinase C (PKCθ), which leads to activation of the
Signal transduction pathways in T lymphocytes. chapter 5
transcription factor NF-κB
In response to antigen and costimulators, T lymphocytes, especially CD4 + T cells, rapidly secrete?
Role of interleukin-2 and IL-2 receptors in T cell proliferation.chapter 5
secrete the cytokine IL-2
increase expression of the high-affinity IL-2 receptor, rapidly enhancing the ability of the ?
Role of interleukin-2 and IL-2 receptors in T cell proliferation.chapter 5
T cells to bind and respond to IL-2
The principal functions of IL-2 are to?
Role of interleukin-2 and IL-2 receptors in T cell proliferation.chapter 5
stimulate the survival and proliferation of T cells
think: i need you 2 survive
IL-2 was originally called T cell growth factor. The high-affinity IL-2 receptor is expressed on _____ , so these cells are very sensitive to IL-2
Role of interleukin-2 and IL-2 receptors in T cell proliferation.chapter 5
regulatory T cells
which one is more? CD8+ T Cells or CD4+ T Cells
Expansion and decline of T cell responses. ch 5
You have a lot more CD8+ t cells made than CD4 + T Cell
how many days does it take for proliferation to occur?
Expansion and decline of T cell responses. ch 5
T lymphocytes activated by antigen and costimulation begin to proliferate within 1 or 2 days, resulting in expansion of antigen-specific clones
When naive CD4 + T cells are activated in ________ ?, they proliferate and differentiate into ______ cell?
Development of effector CD4 + T cells. ch 5
secondary lymphoid organs, they proliferate and differentiate into effector cell
Other differentiated cells, called follicular helper T (Tfh) cells, remain in the lymphoid organ and ______ ?
Development of effector CD4 + T cells. ch 5
help B cells to produce potent antibodies.
Some of the progeny of antigen-stimulated, proliferating T cells differentiate into effector cells whose function is to ?
Development of effector CD4 + T cells. ch 5
eradicate infections.
Receptors need to be present before you can come to the lymph node and leave the lymph nodes
Migration of naive and effector T lymphocytes. ch 5
pass
Naive T lymphocytes home to lymph nodes as a result of L-selectin, integrin, and chemokine receptor ____?
Migration of naive and effector T lymphocytes. ch 5
CCR7 binds to their ligands on high endothelial venules
think: 7-eleven, select 7
CCR7 ligands on?
Migration of naive and effector T lymphocytes. ch 5
CCL19 OR CCL21
CCR7 FUNCTION?
Migration of naive and effector T lymphocytes. ch 5
activation of integrins and chemotaxis
E selectin and p selectin have?
Migration of naive and effector T lymphocytes. ch 5
Weak adhesion of effector and memory T cells to cytokine-activated endothelium at peripheral site of infection
think: your EP is weak
Effector T cells of the CD4 + Th1 and Th17 subsets recognize antigens and secrete cytokines that recruit leukocytes (inflammation) and activate ___
Cell-mediated immunity. ch 6
phagocytes to kill the microbes.
Effector cells of the Th2 subset recruit
Cell-mediated immunity. ch 6
recruit eosinophils, which destroy helminthic parasites.
Tfh defining cytokines?
Characteristics of subsets of CD4 + helper T lymphocytes. ch 6
IL-21 (IFN-y or IL-4)
Tfh recruit and activate
Characteristics of subsets of CD4 + helper T lymphocytes. ch 6
B cells
IL-4, action
Properties of the major cytokines produced by CD4 + helper T lymphocytes.
ch 6
B cell switching to IgE; alternative macrophage activation
- th2, mast cells
IL-5 action
Properties of the major cytokines produced by CD4 + helper T lymphocytes. ch 6
activation of eosinophils
- th2, mast cells
IL-13
Properties of the major cytokines produced by CD4 + helper T lymphocytes. ch 6
B cell switching to IgE; alternative macrophage activation
- th2, mast cells
IL-17, action
Properties of the major cytokines produced by CD4 + helper T lymphocytes. ch 6
Stimulation of acute inflammation
think: 17 is cute
IL-21
Properties of the major cytokines produced by CD4 + helper T lymphocytes. ch 6
B cell activation; Tfh differentiation
IL-22 action
Properties of the major cytokines produced by CD4 + helper T lymphocytes. ch 6
maintenance of epithelial barrier function
- th17, nk cells
IFN-gamma is involved in what type of activation?
Functions of Th1 cells. ch 6
classical marcophage activation
th1 cells produce the cytokine ____
Functions of Th1 cells. ch 6
interferon-γ , ifn
Th1 cells, acting through CD40 ligand and IFN-γ, increase the ?
Functions of Th1 cells. ch 6
ability of macrophages to kill phagocytosed microbes
differentiation of naive CD4 + T cells to Th1 effector cells is driven by a combination of antigen-induced T cell receptor (TCR) signaling and the cytokines _____?
Differentiation of Th1 effector cells.
ch6
IL-12 and IFN-γ
in response to many bacteria (especially bacteria that can live within phagocytes) and viruses, dendritic cells and macrophages produce ____
Differentiation of Th1 effector cells.
ch6
produce IL-12,
natural killer (NK) cells produce
Differentiation of Th1 effector cells.
ch6
produce IFN-γ
IL-12 and IFN-γ activate the transcription factors ____- and ___respectively
note: mesinze il12 goes with 4 and ifn goes with 1
Differentiation of Th1 effector cells.
ch6
STAT4 and STAT1,
note: mesinze il12 goes with 4 and ifn goes with 1
antigen-induced signals in combination with the cytokines induce the expression of a transcription factor called ____ that is essential for Th1 development and function
Differentiation of Th1 effector cells.
ch6
T-BET
IFN-γ not only activates macrophages to kill ingested microbes but also promotes more Th1 development and inhibits the development of ___ and ____ cells
Differentiation of Th1 effector cells.
ch6
Th2 and Th17 cells
Differentiation of naive CD4 + T cells to Th2 cells is initiated by cytokines secreted by damaged epithelial cells, including IL-25, IL-33, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), and then further stimulated by IL-4, which may be produced by?
Differentiation of Th2 effector cells. ch6
mast cells, other tissue cells, and T cells themselves at sites of helminth infection
IL-4 activates the transcription factor STAT6 and antigen-induced signals in combination with IL-4 induce expression of a transcription factor _____
Differentiation of Th2 effector cells. ch6
GATA-3, which is required for Th2 differentiation.
IL-4 produced by Th2 cells enhances
Differentiation of Th2 effector cells. ch6
further Th2 differentiation, thus amplifying the Th2 response.
Recognition of fungal glycans and bacterial peptidoglycans and lipopeptides by innate immune receptors on dendritic cells stimulates the secretion of several cytokines, including ___? 3
Differentiation of Th17 effector cells. ch 6
IL-1, IL-6, and IL-23. IL-6 and IL-23 activate the transcription factor STAT3
signals induced by these cytokines and another cytokine called transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), in combination with TCR signals, induce the expression of the transcription factor ___- , which works together with STAT3 to promote Th17 differentiation.
Differentiation of Th17 effector cells. ch 6
RORγT
the expression of the transcription factor RORγT, which works together with STAT3 to
## Footnote
Differentiation of Th17 effector cells. ch 6
promote Th17 differentiation
Interestingly, TGF-β is an inhibitor of many immune responses, but when present together with IL-6 or IL-1, it ?
Differentiation of Th17 effector cells. ch 6
promotes the development of Th17 cells.
Th2 cytokines induce
## Footnote
Classical and alternative macrophage activation.
ch 6
alternative macrophage activation, so called to distinguish it from classical activation
Th2 cells are involved in
allergic reactions to environmental antigens
th17 functions
inflammation , neutrophil response, anti
Th17 cells induce inflammatory reactions that ?
Functions of Th17 cells.
destroy bacteria and fungi
Th17 cells produce the cytokine interleukin-17 (IL-17), which induces the production of ? recuits?
chemokines and recruit neutrophils into the site of inflammation
IL-22 produced by Th17 cells induces epithelial cell defensin production, which helps to? promote?
maintain the integrity of epithelial barriers, and may promote repair of damaged epithelia
HSV mechanism
inhibition of antigen presentation : HSV peptide intefes with TAP transport
EBV Mechanism
inhibit of antigen presentation, inhibit of proteasomal activity
ebv mechanism 2
production of IL-10, inhibit of macrophage and dendritic cell activation