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Microbiology > T-Cell Mediated Immunity (PP) > Flashcards

T-Cell Mediated Immunity (PP) Flashcards

1
Q

CTLA-4 function

so 3

Characterize the T-cell Receptor complex and its function, including its interaction with co-stimulators, within the context of maturation, activation, and differentiation of T cells.

A

It functions to mediates suppressive function of regulatory T cells

ch 5

Powerpoint: proteins of the B7 and CD28 families

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2
Q

CTLA-4 is a _____ -binding protein ?

SO 3

Characterize the T-cell Receptor complex and its function, including its interaction with co-stimulators, within the context of maturation, activation, and differentiation of T cells.

A

CTLA-4 is a B7-binding protein, B7-2

ch 5

Powerpoint: proteins of the B7 and CD28 families

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3
Q

CTLA-4 is expressed where?

SO 3

Characterize the T-cell Receptor complex and its function, including its interaction with co-stimulators, within the context of maturation, activation, and differentiation of T cells.

A

expressed transiently on activated CD4 + T cells and constitutively on regulatory T cells

CH 5

Proteins of the B7 and CD28 families.

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4
Q

CTLA-4 works by ?

SO 3

Characterize the T-cell Receptor complex and its function, including its interaction with co-stimulators, within the context of maturation, activation, and differentiation of T cells.

A

blocking and removing B7 molecules from the surface of APCs, thus reducing costimulation by CD28 and preventing the activation of T cells.

CH 5

Proteins of the B7 and CD28 families.

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5
Q

Th2 cells defining cyotkines?

SO 3

Characterize the T-cell Receptor complex and its function, including its interaction with co-stimulators, within the context of maturation, activation, and differentiation of T cells.

A

IL-4, IL-5, IL-13

CH 6

charactieristics of subsets of cd4+ helper t lymophocytes

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6
Q

IL-4 and IL-13 inhibits the

SO 3

Characterize the T-cell Receptor complex and its function, including its interaction with co-stimulators, within the context of maturation, activation, and differentiation of T cells.

A

classical pathway of macrophage activation

ch 6

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7
Q

What Interlukin stimulates anti-inflammatory reactions carried out by alternatively activated macrophages

SO 3

Characterize the T-cell Receptor complex and its function, including its interaction with co-stimulators, within the context of maturation, activation, and differentiation of T cells.

A

IL-4 AND IL-13

ch 6

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8
Q

Th2 cells release IL-4 and IL-13 for

SO 3

Characterize the T-cell Receptor complex and its function, including its interaction with co-stimulators, within the context of maturation, activation, and differentiation of T cells.

A

intestinal mucus secretion and peristalsis, alternative macrophage activation

ch 6

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9
Q

IL-2 drives proliferation of

SO 3

Characterize the T-cell Receptor complex and its function, including its interaction with co-stimulators, within the context of maturation, activation, and differentiation of T cells.

A

T Cells
Book: The cytokine interleukin-2 (IL-2), which is produced by antigen-activated T cells, stimulates proliferation of these cells, resulting in a rapid increase in the number of antigen-specific lymphocytes, a process called clonal expansion.

ch 5

Steps in the activation of T Lymphocytes

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10
Q

Th1 secretes?

SO 3

Characterize the T-cell Receptor complex and its function, including its interaction with co-stimulators, within the context of maturation, activation, and differentiation of T cells.

A

secretes IFN-gamma to increase phagocytic activity of macrophages

ch 5

charactieristics of subsets of cd4+ helper t lymophocytes

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11
Q

Th17 cells induce inflammatory reactions that

SO 3

Characterize the T-cell Receptor complex and its function, including its interaction with co-stimulators, within the context of maturation, activation, and differentiation of T cells.

A

destroy extracellular bacteria and fungi

ch 6

charactieristics of subsets of cd4+ helper t lymophocytes

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12
Q

The major cytokines produced by Th17 cells are

SO 3

Characterize the T-cell Receptor complex and its function, including its interaction with co-stimulators, within the context of maturation, activation, and differentiation of T cells.

A

IL-17 and IL-22

ch 6

charactieristics of subsets of cd4+ helper t lymophocytes

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13
Q

TH1 cells are the class of lymphocytes that

A

proliferate during a type IV hypersensitivity reaction.

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14
Q

Interleukin-12, released from macrophages, induces the differentiation of

A

T cells to TH1 cells

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15
Q

Naive T lymphocytes that recognize antigens in the secondary (peripheral) lymphoid organs respond by proliferation and differentiation into

Induction and effector phases of cell-mediated immunity. chapter 5

A

effector cells

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16
Q

effector cells perform their function when

Induction and effector phases of cell-mediated immunity. chapter 5

A

which perform their functions when they are activated by the same antigens in any infected tissue

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17
Q

naive cells are incapable of

Induction and effector phases of cell-mediated immunity. chapter 5

A

eliminating the microbes.

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18
Q

where does antigen recogniton happen?

Induction and effector phases of cell-mediated immunity.chapter 5

A

lymph node

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19
Q

IL-2 gets you to

Steps in the activation of T lymphocytes. ch 5

A

proliferation

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20
Q

IL-12 helps in

Steps in the activation of T lymphocytes. ch 5

A

differentiation

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21
Q

naive cells will secrete cytokines (IL-2) and bind to

Steps in the activation of T lymphocytes. ch 5

A

it’s own receptor

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22
Q

The T cell receptor (TCR) recognizes ? where is it expressed on?

ch 5 Receptors and ligands involved in T cell activation and inhibition.

A

MHC-associated peptide antigens, expressed on T cells

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23
Q

CD4 and CD8 coreceptors are expressed on?
what are they’re functions?

ch 5 Receptors and ligands involved in T cell activation and inhibition.

A

APC, help the TCR complex deliver activating signals

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24
Q

CD28 function and ligand?

ch 5 Receptors and ligands involved in T cell activation and inhibition.

A

costimulatory receptor: delivers activating signals,ligands on B7-1/B7-2 on APC

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25
Q

CTLA-4 function and ligand?

ch 5 Receptors and ligands involved in T cell activation and inhibition.

A

inhibitor: blocks costimulary signals,ligands on B7-1/B7-2 on APC

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26
Q

PD-1 function and ligand?

ch 5 Receptors and ligands involved in T cell activation and inhibition.

A

inhibitor: blocks costimulary and TCR signals,ligands on PD-L1/PD-L2 on tissue and tumor cells

think: police department will inhibit you

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27
Q

LFA-1 function and ligand?

ch5 Receptors and ligands involved in T cell activation and inhibition.

A

adhesion, ligands ICAM-1 on APC and endothelium

think: LGA (Airport) has cameras

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28
Q

The TCR and the CD4 or CD8 coreceptor together recognize peptide antigens and MHC on APCs, and this recognition provides the initate

Antigen recognition and signal transduction during T cell activation.
chapter 5

A

signal for T cell activation

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29
Q

CD3 and ζ tails (zeta) to initiate

Antigen recognition and signal transduction during T cell activation.
chapter 5

A

initiate signal transduction

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30
Q

CD4 binding prompts LCK, then what does the LCK do?

Antigen recognition and signal transduction during T cell activation.
chapter 5

A

phosphorylates ITAM regions

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31
Q

ITAMs

Antigen recognition and signal transduction during T cell activation.
chapter 5

A

which are critical for signaling

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32
Q

CD3 and ζ (zeta chain ) contain motifs called

Antigen recognition and signal transduction during T cell activation.
chapter 5 and Signal transduction pathways in T lymphocytes.

A

immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs (ITAMs)

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33
Q

Resting antigen-presenting cells (APCs), which have not been exposed to microbes , may present peptide antigens, but they ______ (do/ do not) express costimulators

Role of costimulation in T cell activation. Chapter 5

A

do not express and are unable to activate naive T cells

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34
Q

T cells that recognize antigen without costimulation ?

Role of costimulation in T cell activation. Chapter 5

A

may die or become unresponsive (tolerant) to another exposure to antigen

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35
Q

B7 costimulators are recognized by the

Role of costimulation in T cell activation. Chapter 5

A

CD28 receptor on naive T cells

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36
Q

absence of CD28:B7 interactions, antigen recognition by the TCR is

Role of costimulation in T cell activation. Chapter 5

A

insufficient for initiating T cell responses

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37
Q

CD28 major function?

Proteins of the B7 and CD28 families. Chapter 5

A

activation of naive T cells

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38
Q

ICOS major function?

Proteins of the B7 and CD28 families. Chapter 5

A

activation of follicular helper T cells in antibody responses

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39
Q

CD40 ligand (CD40L, or CD154) on activated T cells and CD40 on

Proteins of the B7 and CD28 families. Chapter 5

A

APCs

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40
Q

CD40L expressed on an antigen-stimulated T cell binds to CD40 on APCs and activates the APCs to express more ?

Proteins of the B7 and CD28 families. Chapter 5

A

B7 costimulators and to secrete cytokines (e.g., IL-12) that enhance T cell differentiation

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41
Q

CD4 binding sends

Role of CD4 + T cells in activation of CD8 + T cells. Chapter 5

42
Q

The initiation of CD8 + T cell activation often requires cytosolic antigen from one cell (e.g., virus-infected or tumor cell) to be cross-presented by

Role of CD4 + T cells in activation of CD8 + T cells. Chapter 5

A

dendritic cells

43
Q

differentiation of naive CD8 + T cells into fully active CTLs and memory cells may require the concomitant activation of ?

Role of CD4 + T cells in activation of CD8 + T cells. Chapter 5

A

CD4 + helper T cells

44
Q

CD69 is a marker of T cell activation involved in

Proteins produced by antigen-stimulated T cells. CH5

A

cell migration

6 and 9 cells move

45
Q

the interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R) binds the cytokine IL-2 and generates signals that

Proteins produced by antigen-stimulated T cells. CH5

A

promote T cell survival and proliferation

think: because of il2 they survive and multiply

46
Q

CD40 ligand is an

Proteins produced by antigen-stimulated T cells. CH5

A

effector molecule of T cells

47
Q

CTLA-4 is an inhibitor of

Proteins produced by antigen-stimulated T cells. CH5

A

immune responses

48
Q

CTLA-4 decreases the expression of

Proteins produced by antigen-stimulated T cells. CH5

A

B7 on APC

also: the function of regulatory T cells

49
Q

Zap-70 is a

Signal transduction pathways in T lymphocytes. chapter 5

A

zeta activating protein, needed to bind for any other down stream signaling.

50
Q

Nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) is a transcription factor present in

Signal transduction pathways in T lymphocytes. chapter 5

A

inactive phosphorylated form in the cytosol of resting T cells.

51
Q

c-FOS and phosphorylated c-JUN combine to form the transcription factor activator protein 1 (AP-1), which

Signal transduction pathways in T lymphocytes. chapter 5

A

enhances the transcription of several T cell genes.

think: get an AP (watch) to be enhanced

52
Q

TCR signaling consists of activation of the θ isoform of the serine-threonine kinase called protein kinase C (PKCθ), which leads to activation of the

Signal transduction pathways in T lymphocytes. chapter 5

A

transcription factor NF-κB

53
Q

In response to antigen and costimulators, T lymphocytes, especially CD4 + T cells, rapidly secrete?

Role of interleukin-2 and IL-2 receptors in T cell proliferation.chapter 5

A

secrete the cytokine IL-2

54
Q

increase expression of the high-affinity IL-2 receptor, rapidly enhancing the ability of the ?

Role of interleukin-2 and IL-2 receptors in T cell proliferation.chapter 5

A

T cells to bind and respond to IL-2

55
Q

The principal functions of IL-2 are to?

Role of interleukin-2 and IL-2 receptors in T cell proliferation.chapter 5

A

stimulate the survival and proliferation of T cells

think: i need you 2 survive

56
Q

IL-2 was originally called T cell growth factor. The high-affinity IL-2 receptor is expressed on _____ , so these cells are very sensitive to IL-2

Role of interleukin-2 and IL-2 receptors in T cell proliferation.chapter 5

A

regulatory T cells

57
Q

which one is more? CD8+ T Cells or CD4+ T Cells

Expansion and decline of T cell responses. ch 5

A

You have a lot more CD8+ t cells made than CD4 + T Cell

58
Q

how many days does it take for proliferation to occur?

Expansion and decline of T cell responses. ch 5

A

T lymphocytes activated by antigen and costimulation begin to proliferate within 1 or 2 days, resulting in expansion of antigen-specific clones

59
Q

When naive CD4 + T cells are activated in ________ ?, they proliferate and differentiate into ______ cell?

Development of effector CD4 + T cells. ch 5

A

secondary lymphoid organs, they proliferate and differentiate into effector cell

60
Q

Other differentiated cells, called follicular helper T (Tfh) cells, remain in the lymphoid organ and ______ ?

Development of effector CD4 + T cells. ch 5

A

help B cells to produce potent antibodies.

61
Q

Some of the progeny of antigen-stimulated, proliferating T cells differentiate into effector cells whose function is to ?

Development of effector CD4 + T cells. ch 5

A

eradicate infections.

62
Q

Receptors need to be present before you can come to the lymph node and leave the lymph nodes

Migration of naive and effector T lymphocytes. ch 5

63
Q

Naive T lymphocytes home to lymph nodes as a result of L-selectin, integrin, and chemokine receptor ____?

Migration of naive and effector T lymphocytes. ch 5

A

CCR7 binds to their ligands on high endothelial venules

think: 7-eleven, select 7

64
Q

CCR7 ligands on?

Migration of naive and effector T lymphocytes. ch 5

A

CCL19 OR CCL21

65
Q

CCR7 FUNCTION?

Migration of naive and effector T lymphocytes. ch 5

A

activation of integrins and chemotaxis

66
Q

E selectin and p selectin have?

Migration of naive and effector T lymphocytes. ch 5

A

Weak adhesion of effector and memory T cells to cytokine-activated endothelium at peripheral site of infection

think: your EP is weak

67
Q

Effector T cells of the CD4 + Th1 and Th17 subsets recognize antigens and secrete cytokines that recruit leukocytes (inflammation) and activate ___

Cell-mediated immunity. ch 6

A

phagocytes to kill the microbes.

68
Q

Effector cells of the Th2 subset recruit

Cell-mediated immunity. ch 6

A

recruit eosinophils, which destroy helminthic parasites.

69
Q

Tfh defining cytokines?

Characteristics of subsets of CD4 + helper T lymphocytes. ch 6

A

IL-21 (IFN-y or IL-4)

70
Q

Tfh recruit and activate

Characteristics of subsets of CD4 + helper T lymphocytes. ch 6

71
Q

IL-4, action

Properties of the major cytokines produced by CD4 + helper T lymphocytes.
ch 6

A

B cell switching to IgE; alternative macrophage activation

  • th2, mast cells
72
Q

IL-5 action

Properties of the major cytokines produced by CD4 + helper T lymphocytes. ch 6

A

activation of eosinophils

  • th2, mast cells
73
Q

IL-13

Properties of the major cytokines produced by CD4 + helper T lymphocytes. ch 6

A

B cell switching to IgE; alternative macrophage activation

  • th2, mast cells
74
Q

IL-17, action

Properties of the major cytokines produced by CD4 + helper T lymphocytes. ch 6

A

Stimulation of acute inflammation

think: 17 is cute

75
Q

IL-21

Properties of the major cytokines produced by CD4 + helper T lymphocytes. ch 6

A

B cell activation; Tfh differentiation

76
Q

IL-22 action

Properties of the major cytokines produced by CD4 + helper T lymphocytes. ch 6

A

maintenance of epithelial barrier function

  • th17, nk cells
77
Q

IFN-gamma is involved in what type of activation?

Functions of Th1 cells. ch 6

A

classical marcophage activation

78
Q

th1 cells produce the cytokine ____

Functions of Th1 cells. ch 6

A

interferon-γ , ifn

79
Q

Th1 cells, acting through CD40 ligand and IFN-γ, increase the ?

Functions of Th1 cells. ch 6

A

ability of macrophages to kill phagocytosed microbes

80
Q

differentiation of naive CD4 + T cells to Th1 effector cells is driven by a combination of antigen-induced T cell receptor (TCR) signaling and the cytokines _____?

Differentiation of Th1 effector cells.
ch6

A

IL-12 and IFN-γ

81
Q

in response to many bacteria (especially bacteria that can live within phagocytes) and viruses, dendritic cells and macrophages produce ____

Differentiation of Th1 effector cells.
ch6

A

produce IL-12,

82
Q

natural killer (NK) cells produce

Differentiation of Th1 effector cells.
ch6

A

produce IFN-γ

83
Q

IL-12 and IFN-γ activate the transcription factors ____- and ___respectively

note: mesinze il12 goes with 4 and ifn goes with 1

Differentiation of Th1 effector cells.
ch6

A

STAT4 and STAT1,

note: mesinze il12 goes with 4 and ifn goes with 1

84
Q

antigen-induced signals in combination with the cytokines induce the expression of a transcription factor called ____ that is essential for Th1 development and function

Differentiation of Th1 effector cells.
ch6

85
Q

IFN-γ not only activates macrophages to kill ingested microbes but also promotes more Th1 development and inhibits the development of ___ and ____ cells

Differentiation of Th1 effector cells.
ch6

A

Th2 and Th17 cells

86
Q

Differentiation of naive CD4 + T cells to Th2 cells is initiated by cytokines secreted by damaged epithelial cells, including IL-25, IL-33, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), and then further stimulated by IL-4, which may be produced by?

Differentiation of Th2 effector cells. ch6

A

mast cells, other tissue cells, and T cells themselves at sites of helminth infection

87
Q

IL-4 activates the transcription factor STAT6 and antigen-induced signals in combination with IL-4 induce expression of a transcription factor _____

Differentiation of Th2 effector cells. ch6

A

GATA-3, which is required for Th2 differentiation.

88
Q

IL-4 produced by Th2 cells enhances

Differentiation of Th2 effector cells. ch6

A

further Th2 differentiation, thus amplifying the Th2 response.

89
Q

Recognition of fungal glycans and bacterial peptidoglycans and lipopeptides by innate immune receptors on dendritic cells stimulates the secretion of several cytokines, including ___? 3

Differentiation of Th17 effector cells. ch 6

A

IL-1, IL-6, and IL-23. IL-6 and IL-23 activate the transcription factor STAT3

90
Q

signals induced by these cytokines and another cytokine called transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), in combination with TCR signals, induce the expression of the transcription factor ___- , which works together with STAT3 to promote Th17 differentiation.

Differentiation of Th17 effector cells. ch 6

91
Q

the expression of the transcription factor RORγT, which works together with STAT3 to
## Footnote

Differentiation of Th17 effector cells. ch 6

A

promote Th17 differentiation

92
Q

Interestingly, TGF-β is an inhibitor of many immune responses, but when present together with IL-6 or IL-1, it ?

Differentiation of Th17 effector cells. ch 6

A

promotes the development of Th17 cells.

93
Q

Th2 cytokines induce
## Footnote

Classical and alternative macrophage activation.
ch 6

A

alternative macrophage activation, so called to distinguish it from classical activation

94
Q

Th2 cells are involved in

A

allergic reactions to environmental antigens

95
Q

th17 functions

A

inflammation , neutrophil response, anti

96
Q

Th17 cells induce inflammatory reactions that ?

Functions of Th17 cells.

A

destroy bacteria and fungi

97
Q

Th17 cells produce the cytokine interleukin-17 (IL-17), which induces the production of ? recuits?

A

chemokines and recruit neutrophils into the site of inflammation

98
Q

IL-22 produced by Th17 cells induces epithelial cell defensin production, which helps to? promote?

A

maintain the integrity of epithelial barriers, and may promote repair of damaged epithelia

99
Q

HSV mechanism

A

inhibition of antigen presentation : HSV peptide intefes with TAP transport

100
Q

EBV Mechanism

A

inhibit of antigen presentation, inhibit of proteasomal activity

101
Q

ebv mechanism 2

A

production of IL-10, inhibit of macrophage and dendritic cell activation

Microbiology (21 decks)

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