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Microbiology > Intro to Immune System 2 > Flashcards

Intro to Immune System 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Several of these myeloid cells reside in tissues and serve

SO 8

Differentiate the roles of the following cells in innate and adaptive immunity: epithelial cells, monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells, eosinophils, basophils, mast cells, B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, and NK cells.

A

presence of microbes in tissues and initiate immune responses; phagocytosis and killing of microbes

Ch 1

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2
Q

Phagocytes: ingest and destroy ____?

SO 8

Differentiate the roles of the following cells in innate and adaptive immunity: epithelial cells, monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells, eosinophils, basophils, mast cells, B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, and NK cells.

A

microbes

ch 1

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3
Q

phagocytes express receptors for bacterial endotoxin, also called

SO 8

Differentiate the roles of the following cells in innate and adaptive immunity: epithelial cells, monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells, eosinophils, basophils, mast cells, B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, and NK cells.

A

lipopolysaccharide (LPS)

CH 2

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4
Q

Phagocytes residing in the tissues or recruited from the blood ____ and _____ the microbes and damaged cells.

so 8

Differentiate the roles of the following cells in innate and adaptive immunity: epithelial cells, monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells, eosinophils, basophils, mast cells, B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, and NK cells.

A

engulf and destroy the microbes and damaged cells.

ch 2

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5
Q

B Lymphocytes circulate through

so 8

Differentiate the roles of the following cells in innate and adaptive immunity: epithelial cells, monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells, eosinophils, basophils, mast cells, B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, and NK cells.

A

circulate through lymphoid organs and nonlymph

ch 1

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6
Q

B lymphocytes mature in the bone marrow then —>

so 8

Differentiate the roles of the following cells in innate and adaptive immunity: epithelial cells, monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells, eosinophils, basophils, mast cells, B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, and NK cells.

A

lymph nodes, spleen, or mucosal and cutaneous lymphoid tissues

ch 1

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7
Q
  • Create and release antibodies for humoral immunity

so 8

Differentiate the roles of the following cells in innate and adaptive immunity: epithelial cells, monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells, eosinophils, basophils, mast cells, B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, and NK cells.

A

B lymphocytes

ch 1

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8
Q

secreted by plasma cells

so 8

Differentiate the roles of the following cells in innate and adaptive immunity: epithelial cells, monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells, eosinophils, basophils, mast cells, B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, and NK cells.

A

b lymphocytes

ch 1

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9
Q

what cell ? Work on microbes outside of host cells, need CD4+ helper T-cells to perform

so 8

Differentiate the roles of the following cells in innate and adaptive immunity: epithelial cells, monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells, eosinophils, basophils, mast cells, B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, and NK cells.

A

B lymphocytes

ch 1

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10
Q

what cell is able to recognized many different types of molecules including Proteins, carbs, nucleic acids, and lipids

so 8

Differentiate the roles of the following cells in innate and adaptive immunity: epithelial cells, monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells, eosinophils, basophils, mast cells, B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, and NK cells.

A

B Lymphocytes

ch 1

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11
Q

B lymphocytes may be stimulated into differentiation by ______ in germinal centers

so 8

Differentiate the roles of the following cells in innate and adaptive immunity: epithelial cells, monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells, eosinophils, basophils, mast cells, B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, and NK cells.

A

follicular dendritic cells

ch 1

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12
Q

T lymphocytes mature in the thymus —> then ( go where?)

so 8

Differentiate the roles of the following cells in innate and adaptive immunity: epithelial cells, monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells, eosinophils, basophils, mast cells, B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, and NK cells.

A

lymph nodes, spleen, or mucosal and cutaneous lymphoid tissues

ch 1

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13
Q

what cell defend against intracellular organisms that can survive and replicate inside cells

so 8

Differentiate the roles of the following cells in innate and adaptive immunity: epithelial cells, monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells, eosinophils, basophils, mast cells, B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, and NK cells.

A

T Lymphocytes

ch 1

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14
Q

Some _______ activate phagocytes to destroy microbes that have been ingested an live within intracellular vesicles of these phagocytes

so 8

Differentiate the roles of the following cells in innate and adaptive immunity: epithelial cells, monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells, eosinophils, basophils, mast cells, B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, and NK cells.

A

T Lymphocytes:

ch 1

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15
Q

what cells kill any type of host cell that harbors infections microbes in cytoplasm or nucleus?

so 8

Differentiate the roles of the following cells in innate and adaptive immunity: epithelial cells, monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells, eosinophils, basophils, mast cells, B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, and NK cells.

A

T lymphocytes

ch 1

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16
Q

Some cells also recruit large numbers of phagocytes to sites of infection. What cells?

so 8

Differentiate the roles of the following cells in innate and adaptive immunity: epithelial cells, monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells, eosinophils, basophils, mast cells, B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, and NK cells.

A

T lymphocytes

ch 1

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17
Q

what cell are recognized microbial antigens that are displayed on host cell surfaces ?

SO 8

Differentiate the roles of the following cells in innate and adaptive immunity: epithelial cells, monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells, eosinophils, basophils, mast cells, B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, and NK cells.

A

T lymphocytes

CH 1

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18
Q

Most T cells only recognize peptide fragments of

SO 8

Differentiate the roles of the following cells in innate and adaptive immunity: epithelial cells, monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells, eosinophils, basophils, mast cells, B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, and NK cells.

A

protein antigens presented on cell surfaces

CH 1

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19
Q

Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) are specialized

Differentiate the roles of the following cells in innate and adaptive immunity: epithelial cells, monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells, eosinophils, basophils, mast cells, B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, and NK cells.

A

peptide display molecules

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20
Q

Helper T cells are CD4+ and help B lymphocytes to

SO 8

Differentiate the roles of the following cells in innate and adaptive immunity: epithelial cells, monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells, eosinophils, basophils, mast cells, B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, and NK cells.

A

produce antibodies and help phagocytes to destroy ingested microbes

ch 1

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21
Q

Some Helper T cells belong to special subset called ?

SO 8

Differentiate the roles of the following cells in innate and adaptive immunity: epithelial cells, monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells, eosinophils, basophils, mast cells, B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, and NK cells.

A

(regulatory T lymphocytes)

CH 1

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22
Q

What is the function of regulatory T lymphocytes

SO 8

Differentiate the roles of the following cells in innate and adaptive immunity: epithelial cells, monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells, eosinophils, basophils, mast cells, B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, and NK cells.

A

the functions to prevent or limit immune response

ch 1

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23
Q

T lymphocytes produce cytokines which activate

SO 8

Differentiate the roles of the following cells in innate and adaptive immunity: epithelial cells, monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells, eosinophils, basophils, mast cells, B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, and NK cells.

A

B cells, macrophages, and other cell types

CH 1

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24
Q

What type of cells are Cytotoxic T lymphocytes: CD8+; kill

SO 8

Differentiate the roles of the following cells in innate and adaptive immunity: epithelial cells, monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells, eosinophils, basophils, mast cells, B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, and NK cells.

A

cells harboring intracellular microbes

CH 1

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25
Q

Inflammation consists of the accumulation and activation of

SO 9

Describe the principal reactions of innate immunity involved in inflammation and antiviral defense.

A

leukocytes and plasma proteins at sites of infection or tissue injury

ch 2

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26
Q

Cells and proteins act together to kill

SO 8

Describe the principal reactions of innate immunity involved in inflammation and antiviral defense.

A

mainly extracellular microbes and eliminated damaged tissue

ch 2

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27
Q

Intracellular viruses are mediated by NK cells (kill virus-infected cells) and cytokines (IFNs) which

SO 9

Describe the principal reactions of innate immunity involved in inflammation and antiviral defense.

A

block viral replications with host cells

ch 2

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28
Q

microbial molecules that stimulate innate immunity ,

so 10

Discuss the role of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) in stimulating innate immunity

A

Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs)

ch 2

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29
Q

Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) - indicate that they are present in

SO 10

Discuss the role of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) in stimulating innate immunity

A

infectious agents & shared by microbes of the same (molecular pattern)

ch 2

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30
Q

receptors that recognize the shared structures of PAMPs

SO 10

Discuss the role of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) in stimulating innate immunity

A

Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs)

Ch 2

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31
Q

specific for structures of microbes that are often essential for the survival and infectivity of the microbes

SO 10

Discuss the role of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) in stimulating innate immunity

A

Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs)

ch 2

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32
Q

TLRs definiton: cell surfaces (________, ______, and ______) or (for ______ _____) endosomes;

so 11

Compare the location and function of: Toll-like receptors (TLRs), NOD-like receptors, RIG-like receptors, mannose receptors, and cytosolic DNA sensors.

A

cell surfaces (microbial proteins, lipids, and polysaccharides) or (for nucleic acids) endosomes;

ch 2

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33
Q

Toll Like Receptors -2

so 11

Compare the location and function of: Toll-like receptors (TLRs), NOD-like receptors, RIG-like receptors, mannose receptors, and cytosolic DNA sensors.

A

recognizes glycolipids and peptidoglycans that are made by gram+ bacteria and some parasites

ch 2

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34
Q

TLR-3 (CD283) is specific for

so 11

Compare the location and function of: Toll-like receptors (TLRs), NOD-like receptors, RIG-like receptors, mannose receptors, and cytosolic DNA sensors.

A

double stranded RNA

ch 2

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35
Q

TLR-2 complexed with TLR-1 or TLR-6 recognizes

SO 11

Compare the location and function of: Toll-like receptors (TLRs), NOD-like receptors, RIG-like receptors, mannose receptors, and cytosolic DNA sensors.

A

several lipopeptides and peptidoglycans made by gram-positive bacteria and some parasites

CH 2

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36
Q

TLR-7 and TLR-8 is specific for

so 11

Compare the location and function of: Toll-like receptors (TLRs), NOD-like receptors, RIG-like receptors, mannose receptors, and cytosolic DNA sensors.

A

single-stranded RNA

ch 2

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37
Q

TLR-4 is specific for

so 11

Compare the location and function of: Toll-like receptors (TLRs), NOD-like receptors, RIG-like receptors, mannose receptors, and cytosolic DNA sensors.

A

bacterial LPS (endotoxin) made by gram - bacteria

ch 2

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38
Q

TLR-5 is specific for

so 11

Compare the location and function of: Toll-like receptors (TLRs), NOD-like receptors, RIG-like receptors, mannose receptors, and cytosolic DNA sensors.

A

bacteria with flagelar protein (All flaellated bacteria flagellin)

ch 2

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39
Q

TLR-9 recognizes

so 11

Compare the location and function of: Toll-like receptors (TLRs), NOD-like receptors, RIG-like receptors, mannose receptors, and cytosolic DNA sensors.

A

unmethylated CpG DNA, which is abundant in microbial genomes

ch 2

40
Q

NOD-like Receptors are located in the

SO 11

Compare the location and function of: Toll-like receptors (TLRs), NOD-like receptors, RIG-like receptors, mannose receptors, and cytosolic DNA sensors.

A

cytosol of cells

CH 2

41
Q

NOD-like Receptors are ( what are they? what do they sense?)

SO 11

Compare the location and function of: Toll-like receptors (TLRs), NOD-like receptors, RIG-like receptors, mannose receptors, and cytosolic DNA sensors.

A

are a large family of innate receptors that sense DAMPs and PAMPs in the cytosol of cells and initiate signaling events that promote inflammation

CH 2

42
Q

NOD-like Receptors sense ___ ___ and signal ___ ___

SO 11

Compare the location and function of: Toll-like receptors (TLRs), NOD-like receptors, RIG-like receptors, mannose receptors, and cytosolic DNA sensors.

A

sense DAMPs and PAMPs and signal events that promote inflammation

CH 2

43
Q

NOD-like Recpetors recognize

SO 11

Compare the location and function of: Toll-like receptors (TLRs), NOD-like receptors, RIG-like receptors, mannose receptors, and cytosolic DNA sensors.

A

recognize microbial cell wall lipoproteins

CH 2

44
Q

NOD-like receptors generate signals

SO 11

Compare the location and function of: Toll-like receptors (TLRs), NOD-like receptors, RIG-like receptors, mannose receptors, and cytosolic DNA sensors.

A

Generate signals that activate the NF-KB transcription factor —> promotes expression of genes encoding inflammatory process

CH 2

45
Q

What receptor recognizes peptides derived from bacterial cell wall peptidoglycans ?

SO 11

Compare the location and function of: Toll-like receptors (TLRs), NOD-like receptors, RIG-like receptors, mannose receptors, and cytosolic DNA sensors.

A

NOD-LIKE RECEPTORS

CH 2

46
Q

RIG-like receptors are (what are they?)

so 11

Compare the location and function of: Toll-like receptors (TLRs), NOD-like receptors, RIG-like receptors, mannose receptors, and cytosolic DNA sensors.

A

cytosolic proteins

ch 2

47
Q

RIG-like receptors sense

SO 11

Compare the location and function of: Toll-like receptors (TLRs), NOD-like receptors, RIG-like receptors, mannose receptors, and cytosolic DNA sensors.

A

sense viral RNA and induce production of the antiviral type I IFNs

ch 2

48
Q

RIG-like receptors bind to

So 11

Compare the location and function of: Toll-like receptors (TLRs), NOD-like receptors, RIG-like receptors, mannose receptors, and cytosolic DNA sensors.

A

Binds to viral RNAs

ch 2

49
Q

RIG-like receptors interacts with

SO 11

Compare the location and function of: Toll-like receptors (TLRs), NOD-like receptors, RIG-like receptors, mannose receptors, and cytosolic DNA sensors.

A

interacts with mitochondrial membrane protein (mitochondrial antiviral-signaling) MAVS

CH 2

50
Q

RIG-like receptors interact with MAVS then initiate

so 11

Compare the location and function of: Toll-like receptors (TLRs), NOD-like receptors, RIG-like receptors, mannose receptors, and cytosolic DNA sensors.

A

then initiates events that activate transcription factors that induce the production of type I IFNS

ch 2

51
Q

Mannose- binding lectin and C- reactive protein: are

so 11

Compare the location and function of: Toll-like receptors (TLRs), NOD-like receptors, RIG-like receptors, mannose receptors, and cytosolic DNA sensors.

A

terminal residue with coats of the mannose-rich surface of yeast and bacteria

ch 2

52
Q

C-reactive protein (CRP) binds to

so 11

Compare the location and function of: Toll-like receptors (TLRs), NOD-like receptors, RIG-like receptors, mannose receptors, and cytosolic DNA sensors.

A

binds to phospholipids found in bacterial & fungal plasma membranes.

ch 2

53
Q

Opsonizationis the coating of

SO 11

Compare the location and function of: Toll-like receptors (TLRs), NOD-like receptors, RIG-like receptors, mannose receptors, and cytosolic DNA sensors.

A

coating of a microbe, enhancing destruction or uptake by other cells

CH 2

54
Q

Cystolic DNA is located in the cytosol and are proteins that

so 11

Compare the location and function of: Toll-like receptors (TLRs), NOD-like receptors, RIG-like receptors, mannose receptors, and cytosolic DNA sensors.

A

that recognize microbial double stranded DNA and

ch 2

55
Q

Cystolic DNA activate

so 11

Compare the location and function of: Toll-like receptors (TLRs), NOD-like receptors, RIG-like receptors, mannose receptors, and cytosolic DNA sensors.

A

activate signaling pathways that initiate anti microbial responses ( 1 IFN production and autophagy)

ch 2

56
Q

Tumor necrosis factor: (TNF) cells are ?
what do they do?

so 12

Identify the source, targets, and general effects of the following cytokines: tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-1, interleukin-6, interleukin-10, interleukin-12, interferon-γ, type I interferons, and transforming growth factor-β.

A

Macrophages, NK Cells, T cells
- stimulate inflammation

ch 2

57
Q

Interleukin-1 activate

so 12

Identify the source, targets, and general effects of the following cytokines: tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-1, interleukin-6, interleukin-10, interleukin-12, interferon-γ, type I interferons, and transforming growth factor-β.

A

the endothelial cells of nearby venules to express selectins and ligands for integrins and to secrete chemokines

ch 2

58
Q

TNF and IL-1 also have systemic effects, including inducing fever by acting on the

so 12

Identify the source, targets, and general effects of the following cytokines: tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-1, interleukin-6, interleukin-10, interleukin-12, interferon-γ, type I interferons, and transforming growth factor-β.

A

the hypothalamus

ch 2

59
Q

Interleukin-6 cells are

so 12

Identify the source, targets, and general effects of the following cytokines: tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-1, interleukin-6, interleukin-10, interleukin-12, interferon-γ, type I interferons, and transforming growth factor-β.

A

macrophages, endothelial cells, T cells, fibroblasts,

ch 2

60
Q

Interleukin-6 in the Liver

so 12

Identify the source, targets, and general effects of the following cytokines: tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-1, interleukin-6, interleukin-10, interleukin-12, interferon-γ, type I interferons, and transforming growth factor-β.

A

synthesizes of acute phase proteins.

ch 2

61
Q

Interleukin-6 in B cells:

so 12

Identify the source, targets, and general effects of the following cytokines: tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-1, interleukin-6, interleukin-10, interleukin-12, interferon-γ, type I interferons, and transforming growth factor-β.

A

proliferation of antibody-producing cells.

ch 2

62
Q

Interleukin-6 in T- cells

so 12

Identify the source, targets, and general effects of the following cytokines: tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-1, interleukin-6, interleukin-10, interleukin-12, interferon-γ, type I interferons, and transforming growth factor-β.

A

Th17 differentiation

ch 2

63
Q

Interleukin-10 cells?

so 12

Identify the source, targets, and general effects of the following cytokines: tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-1, interleukin-6, interleukin-10, interleukin-12, interferon-γ, type I interferons, and transforming growth factor-β.

A

Macrophages, T cells (regulatory T cells), CD210,

ch 2

64
Q

Interleukin-10 inhibits

so 12

Identify the source, targets, and general effects of the following cytokines: tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-1, interleukin-6, interleukin-10, interleukin-12, interferon-γ, type I interferons, and transforming growth factor-β.

A

inhibition of expression of IL-12, costimulators, and class II MHC

ch 2

65
Q

Interleukin-12 activate

so 12

Identify the source, targets, and general effects of the following cytokines: tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-1, interleukin-6, interleukin-10, interleukin-12, interferon-γ, type I interferons, and transforming growth factor-β.

A

activate NK cells, Macrophages, dendritic cells,

ch 2

66
Q

Interleukin-12 in T cells

so 12

Identify the source, targets, and general effects of the following cytokines: tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-1, interleukin-6, interleukin-10, interleukin-12, interferon-γ, type I interferons, and transforming growth factor-β.

A

T cells: Th1 differentiation,

ch 2

67
Q

Interleukin-12 in NK cells and T cells

so 12

Identify the source, targets, and general effects of the following cytokines: tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-1, interleukin-6, interleukin-10, interleukin-12, interferon-γ, type I interferons, and transforming growth factor-β.

A

IFN-γ synthesis, increased cytotoxic activity

ch 2

68
Q

Interleukin-γ are activate in which cells?

so 12

Identify the source, targets, and general effects of the following cytokines: tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-1, interleukin-6, interleukin-10, interleukin-12, interferon-γ, type I interferons, and transforming growth factor-β.

A

T cells ( CD8+ T cells) , NK cells, Activate macrophages (increased microbicidal functions),

ch 2

69
Q

Interleukin-γ in B:cells?

so 12

Identify the source, targets, and general effects of the following cytokines: tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-1, interleukin-6, interleukin-10, interleukin-12, interferon-γ, type I interferons, and transforming growth factor-β.

A

isotype switching to opsonizing and complement-fixing IgG subclasses,

ch 2

70
Q

Interleukin-γ in T cells?

so 12

Identify the source, targets, and general effects of the following cytokines: tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-1, interleukin-6, interleukin-10, interleukin-12, interferon-γ, type I interferons, and transforming growth factor-β.

A

Th1 differentiation

ch 2

71
Q

Interleukin-γ in various cells?

so 12

Identify the source, targets, and general effects of the following cytokines: tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-1, interleukin-6, interleukin-10, interleukin-12, interferon-γ, type I interferons, and transforming growth factor-β.

A

increased expression of class I and class II MHC molecules, increased antigen processing and presentation to T cells

ch 2

72
Q

Type I interferons: prevent

so 12

Identify the source, targets, and general effects of the following cytokines: tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-1, interleukin-6, interleukin-10, interleukin-12, interferon-γ, type I interferons, and transforming growth factor-β.

A

prevent viral infections

ch 2

73
Q

Transforming growth factor-β cells ?

SO 12

Identify the source, targets, and general effects of the following cytokines: tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-1, interleukin-6, interleukin-10, interleukin-12, interferon-γ, type I interferons, and transforming growth factor-β.

A

T cells, macrophages, other cells types

CH 2

74
Q

Transforming growth factor-β T cells ?

SO 12

Identify the source, targets, and general effects of the following cytokines: tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-1, interleukin-6, interleukin-10, interleukin-12, interferon-γ, type I interferons, and transforming growth factor-β.

A

T cells: inhibition of proliferation and effector functions; differentiation of Th17 and Treg,

CH 2

75
Q

Transforming growth factor-β B cells ?

SO 12

Identify the source, targets, and general effects of the following cytokines: tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-1, interleukin-6, interleukin-10, interleukin-12, interferon-γ, type I interferons, and transforming growth factor-β.

A

inhibition of proliferation and IgA production

CH 2

76
Q

Transforming growth factor-β macrophages ?

SO 12

Identify the source, targets, and general effects of the following cytokines: tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-1, interleukin-6, interleukin-10, interleukin-12, interferon-γ, type I interferons, and transforming growth factor-β.

A

inhibition of activation; stimulation of angiogenic factors

ch 2

77
Q

Transforming growth factor-β Fibroblasts?

SO 12

Identify the source, targets, and general effects of the following cytokines: tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-1, interleukin-6, interleukin-10, interleukin-12, interferon-γ, type I interferons, and transforming growth factor-β.

A

increased collagen synthesis

ch 2

78
Q

Alternative pathway is ______ _____

SO 13

Outline the three major pathways of Complement System activation in innate and adaptive immunity.

A

evolutionarily older

ch 2

79
Q

Alternative pathway comes from microbial cell then

SO 13

Outline the three major pathways of Complement System activation in innate and adaptive immunity.

A

from microbial cell the LPS or lipoteichoic acid and C3b receptors then the alternative pathway.

CH 2

80
Q

Alternative pathway is triggered when some complement proteins are

SO 13

Outline the three major pathways of Complement System activation in innate and adaptive immunity.

A

activated on microbial surfaces and cannot be controlled because complement regulatory proteins are not present on microbes (innate)

CH 2

81
Q

Alternative pathway factors?

SO 13

Outline the three major pathways of Complement System activation in innate and adaptive immunity.

A

Factor B, Factor D, C5, C3

CH 2

82
Q

Classical pathway come from

SO 13

Outline the three major pathways of Complement System activation in innate and adaptive immunity.

A

microbial cell the antibody receptors is connected to the classical pathway.

CH 2

83
Q

Classical pathway triggered by

SO 13

Outline the three major pathways of Complement System activation in innate and adaptive immunity.

A

antibodies that bind to microbes or other antigens (humoral arm of adaptive immunity)

CH 2

84
Q

Classical pathway factors?

SO 13

Outline the three major pathways of Complement System activation in innate and adaptive immunity.

A

C1, C4, C2

CH 2

85
Q

Classical pathway was the

SO 13

  1. Outline the three major pathways of Complement System activation in innate and adaptive immunity.
A

first discovered) -

ch 2

86
Q

Lectin pathway is similar to

SO 13

Outline the three major pathways of Complement System activation in innate and adaptive immunity.

A

similar to classical pathway

CH 2

87
Q

In the Lectin pathway what is connected ? ( 2 things )

so 13

Outline the three major pathways of Complement System activation in innate and adaptive immunity.

A

mannose and MLB receptors is connected to the lectin pathway.

ch 2

88
Q

Lectin pathway is activated when

so 13

  1. Outline the three major pathways of Complement System activation in innate and adaptive immunity.
A

activated when a carbohydrate-binding plasma protein,

ch 2

89
Q

Lectin pathway has mannose-binding

so 13

Outline the three major pathways of Complement System activation in innate and adaptive immunity.

A

mannose-binding lectin binds to its carbohydrate ligands on microbes

ch 2

90
Q

in the Lectin pathway after the mannose-binding lectin binds to its carbohydrate ligands on microbes then the lectin

SO 13

Outline the three major pathways of Complement System activation in innate and adaptive immunity.

A

lectin activates proteins of the classical pathway (innate), C4, C2

ch 2

91
Q

Lectin pathway is apart of what immunity

so 13

Outline the three major pathways of Complement System activation in innate and adaptive immunity.

A

Innate bc it is initiated by a microbial product in the absence of antibody

ch 2

92
Q

3 main functions in host defense:

A
  • Opsonization and phagocytosis
  • Inflammation :
  • MAC:
    Cell lysis
93
Q

Opsonization and phagocytosis ( number and what is does)

A

C3b coats microbes and promotes the binding of these microbes to phagocytes by virtue of receptors of C3b.

94
Q
  • Inflammation ( numbers in host defense)
A

C4a, C3a, C5a, C5b

95
Q

MAC: meaning and numbers

A

Membrane attack complex
-C5b, C6,C7,C8,C9
Lysis of microbe

Microbiology (21 decks)

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