Intro to Immune System 2

Question 1

Several of these myeloid cells reside in tissues and serve

SO 8

Differentiate the roles of the following cells in innate and adaptive immunity: epithelial cells, monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells, eosinophils, basophils, mast cells, B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, and NK cells.

Answer 1

presence of microbes in tissues and initiate immune responses; phagocytosis and killing of microbes

Ch 1

Question 2

Phagocytes: ingest and destroy ____?

SO 8

Differentiate the roles of the following cells in innate and adaptive immunity: epithelial cells, monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells, eosinophils, basophils, mast cells, B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, and NK cells.

Answer 2

microbes

ch 1

Question 3

phagocytes express receptors for bacterial endotoxin, also called

SO 8

Differentiate the roles of the following cells in innate and adaptive immunity: epithelial cells, monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells, eosinophils, basophils, mast cells, B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, and NK cells.

Answer 3

lipopolysaccharide (LPS)

CH 2

Question 4

Phagocytes residing in the tissues or recruited from the blood ____ and _____ the microbes and damaged cells.

so 8

Differentiate the roles of the following cells in innate and adaptive immunity: epithelial cells, monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells, eosinophils, basophils, mast cells, B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, and NK cells.

Answer 4

engulf and destroy the microbes and damaged cells.

ch 2

Question 5

B Lymphocytes circulate through

so 8

Differentiate the roles of the following cells in innate and adaptive immunity: epithelial cells, monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells, eosinophils, basophils, mast cells, B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, and NK cells.

Answer 5

circulate through lymphoid organs and nonlymph

ch 1

Question 6

B lymphocytes mature in the bone marrow then —>

so 8

Differentiate the roles of the following cells in innate and adaptive immunity: epithelial cells, monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells, eosinophils, basophils, mast cells, B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, and NK cells.

Answer 6

lymph nodes, spleen, or mucosal and cutaneous lymphoid tissues

ch 1

Question 7

• Create and release antibodies for humoral immunity

so 8

Differentiate the roles of the following cells in innate and adaptive immunity: epithelial cells, monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells, eosinophils, basophils, mast cells, B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, and NK cells.

Answer 7

B lymphocytes

ch 1

Question 8

secreted by plasma cells

so 8

Differentiate the roles of the following cells in innate and adaptive immunity: epithelial cells, monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells, eosinophils, basophils, mast cells, B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, and NK cells.

Answer 8

b lymphocytes

ch 1

Question 9

what cell ? Work on microbes outside of host cells, need CD4+ helper T-cells to perform

so 8

Differentiate the roles of the following cells in innate and adaptive immunity: epithelial cells, monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells, eosinophils, basophils, mast cells, B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, and NK cells.

Answer 9

B lymphocytes

ch 1

Question 10

what cell is able to recognized many different types of molecules including Proteins, carbs, nucleic acids, and lipids

so 8

Differentiate the roles of the following cells in innate and adaptive immunity: epithelial cells, monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells, eosinophils, basophils, mast cells, B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, and NK cells.

Answer 10

B Lymphocytes

ch 1

Question 11

B lymphocytes may be stimulated into differentiation by ______ in germinal centers

so 8

Differentiate the roles of the following cells in innate and adaptive immunity: epithelial cells, monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells, eosinophils, basophils, mast cells, B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, and NK cells.

Answer 11

follicular dendritic cells

ch 1

Question 12

T lymphocytes mature in the thymus —> then ( go where?)

so 8

Differentiate the roles of the following cells in innate and adaptive immunity: epithelial cells, monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells, eosinophils, basophils, mast cells, B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, and NK cells.

Answer 12

lymph nodes, spleen, or mucosal and cutaneous lymphoid tissues

ch 1

Question 13

what cell defend against intracellular organisms that can survive and replicate inside cells

so 8

Differentiate the roles of the following cells in innate and adaptive immunity: epithelial cells, monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells, eosinophils, basophils, mast cells, B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, and NK cells.

Answer 13

T Lymphocytes

ch 1

Question 14

Some _______ activate phagocytes to destroy microbes that have been ingested an live within intracellular vesicles of these phagocytes

so 8

Differentiate the roles of the following cells in innate and adaptive immunity: epithelial cells, monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells, eosinophils, basophils, mast cells, B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, and NK cells.

Answer 14

T Lymphocytes:

ch 1

Question 15

what cells kill any type of host cell that harbors infections microbes in cytoplasm or nucleus?

so 8

Differentiate the roles of the following cells in innate and adaptive immunity: epithelial cells, monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells, eosinophils, basophils, mast cells, B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, and NK cells.

Answer 15

T lymphocytes

ch 1

Question 16

Some cells also recruit large numbers of phagocytes to sites of infection. What cells?

so 8

Differentiate the roles of the following cells in innate and adaptive immunity: epithelial cells, monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells, eosinophils, basophils, mast cells, B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, and NK cells.

Answer 16

T lymphocytes

ch 1

Question 17

what cell are recognized microbial antigens that are displayed on host cell surfaces ?

SO 8

Differentiate the roles of the following cells in innate and adaptive immunity: epithelial cells, monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells, eosinophils, basophils, mast cells, B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, and NK cells.

Answer 17

T lymphocytes

CH 1

Question 18

Most T cells only recognize peptide fragments of

SO 8

Differentiate the roles of the following cells in innate and adaptive immunity: epithelial cells, monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells, eosinophils, basophils, mast cells, B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, and NK cells.

Answer 18

protein antigens presented on cell surfaces

CH 1

Question 19

Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) are specialized

Differentiate the roles of the following cells in innate and adaptive immunity: epithelial cells, monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells, eosinophils, basophils, mast cells, B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, and NK cells.

Answer 19

peptide display molecules

Question 20

Helper T cells are CD4+ and help B lymphocytes to

SO 8

Differentiate the roles of the following cells in innate and adaptive immunity: epithelial cells, monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells, eosinophils, basophils, mast cells, B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, and NK cells.

Answer 20

produce antibodies and help phagocytes to destroy ingested microbes

ch 1

Question 21

Some Helper T cells belong to special subset called ?

SO 8

Differentiate the roles of the following cells in innate and adaptive immunity: epithelial cells, monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells, eosinophils, basophils, mast cells, B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, and NK cells.

Answer 21

(regulatory T lymphocytes)

CH 1

Question 22

What is the function of regulatory T lymphocytes

SO 8

Differentiate the roles of the following cells in innate and adaptive immunity: epithelial cells, monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells, eosinophils, basophils, mast cells, B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, and NK cells.

Answer 22

the functions to prevent or limit immune response

ch 1

Question 23

T lymphocytes produce cytokines which activate

SO 8

Differentiate the roles of the following cells in innate and adaptive immunity: epithelial cells, monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells, eosinophils, basophils, mast cells, B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, and NK cells.

Answer 23

B cells, macrophages, and other cell types

CH 1

Question 24

What type of cells are Cytotoxic T lymphocytes: CD8+; kill

SO 8

Differentiate the roles of the following cells in innate and adaptive immunity: epithelial cells, monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells, eosinophils, basophils, mast cells, B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, and NK cells.

Answer 24

cells harboring intracellular microbes

CH 1

Question 25

Inflammation consists of the accumulation and activation of | SO 9 ## Footnote Describe the principal reactions of innate immunity involved in inflammation and antiviral defense.

Answer 25

leukocytes and plasma proteins at sites of infection or tissue injury | ch 2

Question 26

Cells and proteins act together to kill | SO 8 ## Footnote Describe the principal reactions of innate immunity involved in inflammation and antiviral defense.

Answer 26

mainly extracellular microbes and eliminated damaged tissue | ch 2

Question 27

Intracellular viruses are mediated by NK cells (kill virus-infected cells) and cytokines (IFNs) which | SO 9 ## Footnote Describe the principal reactions of innate immunity involved in inflammation and antiviral defense.

Answer 27

block viral replications with host cells | ch 2

Question 28

microbial molecules that stimulate innate immunity , | so 10 ## Footnote Discuss the role of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) in stimulating innate immunity

Answer 28

Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) | ch 2

Question 29

Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) - indicate that they are present in | SO 10 ## Footnote Discuss the role of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) in stimulating innate immunity

Answer 29

infectious agents & shared by microbes of the same (molecular pattern) | ch 2

Question 30

receptors that recognize the shared structures of PAMPs | SO 10 ## Footnote Discuss the role of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) in stimulating innate immunity

Answer 30

Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) | Ch 2

Question 31

specific for structures of microbes that are often essential for the survival and infectivity of the microbes | SO 10 ## Footnote Discuss the role of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) in stimulating innate immunity

Answer 31

Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) | ch 2

Question 32

TLRs definiton: cell surfaces (________, ______, and ______) or (for ______ _____) endosomes; | so 11 ## Footnote Compare the location and function of: Toll-like receptors (TLRs), NOD-like receptors, RIG-like receptors, mannose receptors, and cytosolic DNA sensors.

Answer 32

cell surfaces (microbial proteins, lipids, and polysaccharides) or (for nucleic acids) endosomes; | ch 2

Question 33

Toll Like Receptors -2 | so 11 ## Footnote Compare the location and function of: Toll-like receptors (TLRs), NOD-like receptors, RIG-like receptors, mannose receptors, and cytosolic DNA sensors.

Answer 33

recognizes glycolipids and peptidoglycans that are made by gram+ bacteria and some parasites | ch 2

Question 34

TLR-3 (CD283) is specific for | so 11 ## Footnote Compare the location and function of: Toll-like receptors (TLRs), NOD-like receptors, RIG-like receptors, mannose receptors, and cytosolic DNA sensors.

Answer 34

double stranded RNA | ch 2

Question 35

TLR-2 complexed with TLR-1 or TLR-6 recognizes | SO 11 ## Footnote Compare the location and function of: Toll-like receptors (TLRs), NOD-like receptors, RIG-like receptors, mannose receptors, and cytosolic DNA sensors.

Answer 35

several lipopeptides and peptidoglycans made by gram-positive bacteria and some parasites | CH 2

Question 36

TLR-7 and TLR-8 is specific for | so 11 ## Footnote Compare the location and function of: Toll-like receptors (TLRs), NOD-like receptors, RIG-like receptors, mannose receptors, and cytosolic DNA sensors.

Answer 36

single-stranded RNA | ch 2

Question 37

TLR-4 is specific for | so 11 ## Footnote Compare the location and function of: Toll-like receptors (TLRs), NOD-like receptors, RIG-like receptors, mannose receptors, and cytosolic DNA sensors.

Answer 37

bacterial LPS (endotoxin) made by gram - bacteria | ch 2

Question 38

TLR-5 is specific for | so 11 ## Footnote Compare the location and function of: Toll-like receptors (TLRs), NOD-like receptors, RIG-like receptors, mannose receptors, and cytosolic DNA sensors.

Answer 38

bacteria with flagelar protein (All flaellated bacteria flagellin) | ch 2

Question 39

TLR-9 recognizes | so 11 ## Footnote Compare the location and function of: Toll-like receptors (TLRs), NOD-like receptors, RIG-like receptors, mannose receptors, and cytosolic DNA sensors.

Answer 39

unmethylated CpG DNA, which is abundant in microbial genomes | ch 2

Question 40

NOD-like Receptors are located in the | SO 11 ## Footnote Compare the location and function of: Toll-like receptors (TLRs), NOD-like receptors, RIG-like receptors, mannose receptors, and cytosolic DNA sensors.

Answer 40

cytosol of cells | CH 2

Question 41

NOD-like Receptors are ( what are they? what do they sense?) | SO 11 ## Footnote Compare the location and function of: Toll-like receptors (TLRs), NOD-like receptors, RIG-like receptors, mannose receptors, and cytosolic DNA sensors.

Answer 41

are a large family of innate receptors that sense DAMPs and PAMPs in the cytosol of cells and initiate signaling events that promote inflammation | CH 2

Question 42

NOD-like Receptors sense ___ ___ and signal ___ ___ | SO 11 ## Footnote Compare the location and function of: Toll-like receptors (TLRs), NOD-like receptors, RIG-like receptors, mannose receptors, and cytosolic DNA sensors.

Answer 42

sense DAMPs and PAMPs and signal events that promote inflammation | CH 2

Question 43

NOD-like Recpetors recognize | SO 11 ## Footnote Compare the location and function of: Toll-like receptors (TLRs), NOD-like receptors, RIG-like receptors, mannose receptors, and cytosolic DNA sensors.

Answer 43

recognize microbial cell wall lipoproteins | CH 2

Question 44

NOD-like receptors generate signals | SO 11 ## Footnote Compare the location and function of: Toll-like receptors (TLRs), NOD-like receptors, RIG-like receptors, mannose receptors, and cytosolic DNA sensors.

Answer 44

Generate signals that activate the NF-KB transcription factor —> promotes expression of genes encoding inflammatory process | CH 2

Question 45

What receptor recognizes peptides derived from bacterial cell wall peptidoglycans ? | SO 11 ## Footnote Compare the location and function of: Toll-like receptors (TLRs), NOD-like receptors, RIG-like receptors, mannose receptors, and cytosolic DNA sensors.

Answer 45

NOD-LIKE RECEPTORS | CH 2

Question 46

RIG-like receptors are (what are they?) | so 11 ## Footnote Compare the location and function of: Toll-like receptors (TLRs), NOD-like receptors, RIG-like receptors, mannose receptors, and cytosolic DNA sensors.

Answer 46

cytosolic proteins | ch 2

Question 47

RIG-like receptors sense | SO 11 ## Footnote Compare the location and function of: Toll-like receptors (TLRs), NOD-like receptors, RIG-like receptors, mannose receptors, and cytosolic DNA sensors.

Answer 47

sense viral RNA and induce production of the antiviral type I IFNs | ch 2

Question 48

RIG-like receptors bind to | So 11 ## Footnote Compare the location and function of: Toll-like receptors (TLRs), NOD-like receptors, RIG-like receptors, mannose receptors, and cytosolic DNA sensors.

Answer 48

Binds to viral RNAs | ch 2

Question 49

RIG-like receptors interacts with | SO 11 ## Footnote Compare the location and function of: Toll-like receptors (TLRs), NOD-like receptors, RIG-like receptors, mannose receptors, and cytosolic DNA sensors.

Answer 49

interacts with mitochondrial membrane protein (mitochondrial antiviral-signaling) MAVS | CH 2

Question 50

RIG-like receptors interact with MAVS then initiate | so 11 ## Footnote Compare the location and function of: Toll-like receptors (TLRs), NOD-like receptors, RIG-like receptors, mannose receptors, and cytosolic DNA sensors.

Answer 50

then initiates events that activate transcription factors that induce the production of type I IFNS | ch 2

Question 51

Mannose- binding lectin and C- reactive protein: are | so 11 ## Footnote Compare the location and function of: Toll-like receptors (TLRs), NOD-like receptors, RIG-like receptors, mannose receptors, and cytosolic DNA sensors.

Answer 51

terminal residue with coats of the mannose-rich surface of yeast and bacteria | ch 2

Question 52

C-reactive protein (CRP) binds to | so 11 ## Footnote Compare the location and function of: Toll-like receptors (TLRs), NOD-like receptors, RIG-like receptors, mannose receptors, and cytosolic DNA sensors.

Answer 52

binds to phospholipids found in bacterial & fungal plasma membranes. | ch 2

Question 53

Opsonizationis the coating of | SO 11 ## Footnote Compare the location and function of: Toll-like receptors (TLRs), NOD-like receptors, RIG-like receptors, mannose receptors, and cytosolic DNA sensors.

Answer 53

coating of a microbe, enhancing destruction or uptake by other cells | CH 2

Question 54

Cystolic DNA is located in the cytosol and are proteins that | so 11 ## Footnote Compare the location and function of: Toll-like receptors (TLRs), NOD-like receptors, RIG-like receptors, mannose receptors, and cytosolic DNA sensors.

Answer 54

that recognize microbial double stranded DNA and | ch 2

Question 55

Cystolic DNA activate | so 11 ## Footnote Compare the location and function of: Toll-like receptors (TLRs), NOD-like receptors, RIG-like receptors, mannose receptors, and cytosolic DNA sensors.

Answer 55

activate signaling pathways that initiate anti microbial responses ( 1 IFN production and autophagy) | ch 2

Question 56

Tumor necrosis factor: (TNF) cells are ? what do they do? | so 12 ## Footnote Identify the source, targets, and general effects of the following cytokines: tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-1, interleukin-6, interleukin-10, interleukin-12, interferon-γ, type I interferons, and transforming growth factor-β.

Answer 56

Macrophages, NK Cells, T cells - stimulate inflammation | ch 2

Question 57

Interleukin-1 activate | so 12 ## Footnote Identify the source, targets, and general effects of the following cytokines: tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-1, interleukin-6, interleukin-10, interleukin-12, interferon-γ, type I interferons, and transforming growth factor-β.

Answer 57

the endothelial cells of nearby venules to express selectins and ligands for integrins and to secrete chemokines | ch 2

Question 58

TNF and IL-1 also have systemic effects, including inducing fever by acting on the | so 12 ## Footnote Identify the source, targets, and general effects of the following cytokines: tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-1, interleukin-6, interleukin-10, interleukin-12, interferon-γ, type I interferons, and transforming growth factor-β.

Answer 58

the hypothalamus | ch 2

Question 59

Interleukin-6 cells are | so 12 ## Footnote Identify the source, targets, and general effects of the following cytokines: tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-1, interleukin-6, interleukin-10, interleukin-12, interferon-γ, type I interferons, and transforming growth factor-β.

Answer 59

macrophages, endothelial cells, T cells, fibroblasts, | ch 2

Question 60

Interleukin-6 in the Liver | so 12 ## Footnote Identify the source, targets, and general effects of the following cytokines: tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-1, interleukin-6, interleukin-10, interleukin-12, interferon-γ, type I interferons, and transforming growth factor-β.

Answer 60

synthesizes of acute phase proteins. | ch 2

Question 61

Interleukin-6 in B cells: | so 12 ## Footnote Identify the source, targets, and general effects of the following cytokines: tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-1, interleukin-6, interleukin-10, interleukin-12, interferon-γ, type I interferons, and transforming growth factor-β.

Answer 61

proliferation of antibody-producing cells. | ch 2

Question 62

Interleukin-6 in T- cells | so 12 ## Footnote Identify the source, targets, and general effects of the following cytokines: tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-1, interleukin-6, interleukin-10, interleukin-12, interferon-γ, type I interferons, and transforming growth factor-β.

Answer 62

Th17 differentiation | ch 2

Question 63

Interleukin-10 cells? | so 12 ## Footnote Identify the source, targets, and general effects of the following cytokines: tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-1, interleukin-6, interleukin-10, interleukin-12, interferon-γ, type I interferons, and transforming growth factor-β.

Answer 63

Macrophages, T cells (regulatory T cells), CD210, | ch 2

Question 64

Interleukin-10 inhibits | so 12 ## Footnote Identify the source, targets, and general effects of the following cytokines: tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-1, interleukin-6, interleukin-10, interleukin-12, interferon-γ, type I interferons, and transforming growth factor-β.

Answer 64

inhibition of expression of IL-12, costimulators, and class II MHC | ch 2

Question 65

Interleukin-12 activate | so 12 ## Footnote Identify the source, targets, and general effects of the following cytokines: tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-1, interleukin-6, interleukin-10, interleukin-12, interferon-γ, type I interferons, and transforming growth factor-β.

Answer 65

activate NK cells, Macrophages, dendritic cells, | ch 2

Question 66

Interleukin-12 in T cells | so 12 ## Footnote Identify the source, targets, and general effects of the following cytokines: tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-1, interleukin-6, interleukin-10, interleukin-12, interferon-γ, type I interferons, and transforming growth factor-β.

Answer 66

T cells: Th1 differentiation, | ch 2

Question 67

Interleukin-12 in NK cells and T cells | so 12 ## Footnote Identify the source, targets, and general effects of the following cytokines: tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-1, interleukin-6, interleukin-10, interleukin-12, interferon-γ, type I interferons, and transforming growth factor-β.

Answer 67

IFN-γ synthesis, increased cytotoxic activity | ch 2

Question 68

Interleukin-γ are activate in which cells? | so 12 ## Footnote Identify the source, targets, and general effects of the following cytokines: tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-1, interleukin-6, interleukin-10, interleukin-12, interferon-γ, type I interferons, and transforming growth factor-β.

Answer 68

T cells ( CD8+ T cells) , NK cells, Activate macrophages (increased microbicidal functions), | ch 2

Question 69

Interleukin-γ in B:cells? | so 12 ## Footnote Identify the source, targets, and general effects of the following cytokines: tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-1, interleukin-6, interleukin-10, interleukin-12, interferon-γ, type I interferons, and transforming growth factor-β.

Answer 69

isotype switching to opsonizing and complement-fixing IgG subclasses, | ch 2

Question 70

Interleukin-γ in T cells? | so 12 ## Footnote Identify the source, targets, and general effects of the following cytokines: tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-1, interleukin-6, interleukin-10, interleukin-12, interferon-γ, type I interferons, and transforming growth factor-β.

Answer 70

Th1 differentiation | ch 2

Question 71

Interleukin-γ in various cells? | so 12 ## Footnote Identify the source, targets, and general effects of the following cytokines: tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-1, interleukin-6, interleukin-10, interleukin-12, interferon-γ, type I interferons, and transforming growth factor-β.

Answer 71

increased expression of class I and class II MHC molecules, increased antigen processing and presentation to T cells | ch 2

Question 72

Type I interferons: prevent | so 12 ## Footnote Identify the source, targets, and general effects of the following cytokines: tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-1, interleukin-6, interleukin-10, interleukin-12, interferon-γ, type I interferons, and transforming growth factor-β.

Answer 72

prevent viral infections | ch 2

Question 73

Transforming growth factor-β cells ? | SO 12 ## Footnote Identify the source, targets, and general effects of the following cytokines: tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-1, interleukin-6, interleukin-10, interleukin-12, interferon-γ, type I interferons, and transforming growth factor-β.

Answer 73

T cells, macrophages, other cells types | CH 2

Question 74

Transforming growth factor-β T cells ? | SO 12 ## Footnote Identify the source, targets, and general effects of the following cytokines: tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-1, interleukin-6, interleukin-10, interleukin-12, interferon-γ, type I interferons, and transforming growth factor-β.

Answer 74

T cells: inhibition of proliferation and effector functions; differentiation of Th17 and Treg, | CH 2

Question 75

Transforming growth factor-β B cells ? | SO 12 ## Footnote Identify the source, targets, and general effects of the following cytokines: tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-1, interleukin-6, interleukin-10, interleukin-12, interferon-γ, type I interferons, and transforming growth factor-β.

Answer 75

inhibition of proliferation and IgA production | CH 2

Question 76

Transforming growth factor-β macrophages ? | SO 12 ## Footnote Identify the source, targets, and general effects of the following cytokines: tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-1, interleukin-6, interleukin-10, interleukin-12, interferon-γ, type I interferons, and transforming growth factor-β.

Answer 76

inhibition of activation; stimulation of angiogenic factors | ch 2

Question 77

Transforming growth factor-β Fibroblasts? | SO 12 ## Footnote Identify the source, targets, and general effects of the following cytokines: tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-1, interleukin-6, interleukin-10, interleukin-12, interferon-γ, type I interferons, and transforming growth factor-β.

Answer 77

increased collagen synthesis | ch 2

Question 78

Alternative pathway is ______ _____ | SO 13 ## Footnote Outline the three major pathways of Complement System activation in innate and adaptive immunity.

Answer 78

evolutionarily older | ch 2

Question 79

Alternative pathway comes from microbial cell then | SO 13 ## Footnote Outline the three major pathways of Complement System activation in innate and adaptive immunity.

Answer 79

from microbial cell the LPS or lipoteichoic acid and C3b receptors then the alternative pathway. | CH 2

Question 80

Alternative pathway is triggered when some complement proteins are | SO 13 ## Footnote Outline the three major pathways of Complement System activation in innate and adaptive immunity.

Answer 80

activated on microbial surfaces and cannot be controlled because complement regulatory proteins are not present on microbes (innate) | CH 2

Question 81

Alternative pathway factors? | SO 13 ## Footnote Outline the three major pathways of Complement System activation in innate and adaptive immunity.

Answer 81

Factor B, Factor D, C5, C3 | CH 2

Question 82

Classical pathway come from | SO 13 ## Footnote Outline the three major pathways of Complement System activation in innate and adaptive immunity.

Answer 82

microbial cell the antibody receptors is connected to the classical pathway. | CH 2

Question 83

Classical pathway triggered by | SO 13 ## Footnote Outline the three major pathways of Complement System activation in innate and adaptive immunity.

Answer 83

antibodies that bind to microbes or other antigens (humoral arm of adaptive immunity) | CH 2

Question 84

Classical pathway factors? | SO 13 ## Footnote Outline the three major pathways of Complement System activation in innate and adaptive immunity.

Answer 84

C1, C4, C2 | CH 2

Question 85

Classical pathway was the | SO 13 ## Footnote 13. Outline the three major pathways of Complement System activation in innate and adaptive immunity.

Answer 85

first discovered) - | ch 2

Question 86

Lectin pathway is similar to | SO 13 ## Footnote Outline the three major pathways of Complement System activation in innate and adaptive immunity.

Answer 86

similar to classical pathway | CH 2

Question 87

In the Lectin pathway what is connected ? ( 2 things ) | so 13 ## Footnote Outline the three major pathways of Complement System activation in innate and adaptive immunity.

Answer 87

mannose and MLB receptors is connected to the lectin pathway. | ch 2

Question 88

Lectin pathway is activated when | so 13 ## Footnote 13. Outline the three major pathways of Complement System activation in innate and adaptive immunity.

Answer 88

activated when a carbohydrate-binding plasma protein, | ch 2

Question 89

Lectin pathway has mannose-binding | so 13 ## Footnote Outline the three major pathways of Complement System activation in innate and adaptive immunity.

Answer 89

mannose-binding lectin binds to its carbohydrate ligands on microbes | ch 2

Question 90

in the Lectin pathway after the mannose-binding lectin binds to its carbohydrate ligands on microbes then the lectin | SO 13 ## Footnote Outline the three major pathways of Complement System activation in innate and adaptive immunity.

Answer 90

lectin activates proteins of the classical pathway (innate), C4, C2 | ch 2

Question 91

Lectin pathway is apart of what immunity | so 13 ## Footnote Outline the three major pathways of Complement System activation in innate and adaptive immunity.

Answer 91

Innate bc it is initiated by a microbial product in the absence of antibody | ch 2

Question 92

3 main functions in host defense:

Answer 92

* Opsonization and phagocytosis * Inflammation : * MAC: Cell lysis

Question 93

Opsonization and phagocytosis ( number and what is does)

Answer 93

C3b coats microbes and promotes the binding of these microbes to phagocytes by virtue of receptors of C3b.

Question 94

* Inflammation ( numbers in host defense)

Answer 94

C4a, C3a, C5a, C5b

Question 95

MAC: meaning and numbers

Answer 95

Membrane attack complex -C5b, C6,C7,C8,C9 Lysis of microbe