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Microbiology > Adaptive Immunity (Pp 2) part 2 > Flashcards

Adaptive Immunity (Pp 2) part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

TCRs only function as

Properties of antibodies and T cell antigen receptors (TCRs). (CH4)

A

membrane receptors

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2
Q

Antibodies (also called immunoglobulins) may be expressed as

Properties of antibodies and T cell antigen receptors (TCRs). (CH4)

A

membrane receptors or secreted proteins

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3
Q

antigen receptors of B lymphocytes, can recognize many types of

Properties of antibodies and T cell antigen receptors (TCRs). (CH4)

A

chemical structures

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4
Q

what is the antibody effector function?

Properties of antibodies and T cell antigen receptors (TCRs). (CH4)

A

complement fixation, phagocyte binding

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5
Q

The antigen-binding site of an antibody is composed of the V regions of both the ? 2 things

Structure of antibodies. (CH4)

A

both the heavy chain and the light chain

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6
Q

the core antibody structure contains ?

Structure of antibodies. (CH4)

A

two identical antigen binding sites

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7
Q

The fragment of an antibody that contains a whole light chain (with its single V and C domains) attached to the V and first C domains of a heavy chain is capable of antigen recognition and was therefore called ?

Structure of antibodies. (CH4)

A

Fab (fragment, antigen-binding)

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8
Q

proteolytic fragment containing the remaining heavy-chain C domains is identical in all antibody molecules of a particular type and tends to crystallize in solution and was therefore called the

Structure of antibodies. (CH4)

A

Fc (fragment, crystalline)

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9
Q

IgA function?

Features of the major isotypes (classes) of antibodies. (CH4)

A

mucosal immunity

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10
Q

IgD function?

Features of the major isotypes (classes) of antibodies. (CH4)

A

naive B cell antigen receptor

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11
Q

IgE function?

Features of the major isotypes (classes) of antibodies. (CH4)

A

defense against helminthic parasites, immediate hypersensitivity

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12
Q

IgG function?

Features of the major isotypes (classes) of antibodies. (CH4)

A
  1. opsonization
  2. complement activation
  3. antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity
  4. neonatal immunity
  5. feedback inhibition of B cells
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13
Q

IgM function?

Features of the major isotypes (classes) of antibodies. (CH4)

A

naive B cell antigen receptor (monomeric form), complement activation

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14
Q

CD20

Selected therapeutic monoclonal antibodies in clinical use.

A

depletion of B cells

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15
Q

CD52

A

depletion of lymphocytes

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16
Q

CTLA-4

A

activation of T cells

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17
Q

PD-1

A

activation of effector T cells

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18
Q

Positive selection of lymphocytes allows only cells that express ?

Lymphocyte Development

A

functional receptors to complete the maturation steps.

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19
Q

Negative selection of lymphocytes kills off cells with

Lymphocyte Development

A

high affinity for self antigens, eliminating potentially dangerous lymphocytes that could cause autoimmune disease

20
Q

Steps for recombination

Recombination and expression of immunoglobulin (Ig) genes.

A

Somatic recombination (D-J joining) in two B cell clones then somatic recombination (V-DJ joining) in 2 B cell clones, then Transcription, next RNA processing, last Translation

think: the dj plays music then a very good dj comes and he writes a song about rna that needs to be translated

21
Q

Maturation and Selection of B Lymphocytes

A

Watch Osmosis video for breakdown and do questions

22
Q

Fragments of cells infected with intracellular microbes (e.g., viruses) or antigens produced in these cells are ingested by ?

Cross-Presentation of Internalized Antigens to CD8 + T Cells

A

dendritic cells

23
Q

transporter associated with antigen processing is ?

A

(TAP)

24
Q

TAP is involved in the transport of what MHC pathway?

Comparative features of the two major antigen processing pathways (ch3)

A

Class I MHC Pathway

think: tap once, clip twice

25
Q

endosomes and lysosomes are displayed by?

Processing and Presentation of Protein Antigens (ch3)

A

displayed by class II MHC molecules

think: clip twice so two somes

26
Q

specialized APCs (dendritic cells, macrophages, B cells), peptides proteolytically generated in late ____ ?

Processing and Presentation of Protein Antigens (ch3)

A

endosomes and lysosomes

27
Q

In any nucleated cell, peptide fragments of proteins generated by proteolytic complexes in the cytosol are called ?

Processing and Presentation of Protein Antigens (ch3)

A

proteasomes

28
Q

proteasomes are displayed by ?

Processing and Presentation of Protein Antigens (ch3)

A

are displayed by class I MHC molecules,

29
Q

The class I MHC pathway converts proteins in the cytosol into peptides that bind to class I MHC molecules for recognition by ?

Processing and Presentation of Protein Antigens (ch3)

A

CD8 + T cells

30
Q

MHC genes are codominantly expressed, meaning

Properties of MHC Genes and Proteins (CH 3)

A

that the alleles inherited from both parents are expressed equally

31
Q

polymorphic feature means?

Properties of MHC Genes and Proteins (CH 3)

A

Different individuals are able to present and respond to different microbial peptides

32
Q

MHC genes are highly (polymorphic or monomorphic)?

Properties of MHC Genes and Proteins (CH 3)

A

highly polymorphic

33
Q

Co-dominant expression: on mhc genes means?

Properties of MHC Genes and Proteins (CH 3)

A

Increases number of different MHC molecules that can present peptides to T cells

34
Q

Class I molecules are expressed on all ___ ____?

Properties of MHC Genes and Proteins (CH 3)

A

all nucleated cells,

35
Q

class II molecules are expressed mainly on ___? ( there are 3 types of cells)

Properties of MHC Genes and Proteins (CH 3)

A

dendritic cells, macrophages, and B lymphocytes

36
Q

MHC-expressing cell types:
Class I: significance

Properties of MHC Genes and Proteins (CH 3)

A

CD8+ CTLs can kill any type of virus-infected cell

37
Q

MHC-expressing cell types:
Class II: significance

Properties of MHC Genes and Proteins (CH 3)

A

CD4+ helper T lymphocytes interact with dendritic cells, macrophages, B lymphocytes

38
Q

Invaritant chain and DM are involved in the transport of what MHC pathway?

Comparative features of the two major antigen processing pathways (ch3)

A

Class II MHC Pathway

39
Q

Broad specificity means?

Features of peptide binding to MHC molecules. (CH 3)

A

Many different peptides can bind to the same
MHC molecule

40
Q

Each MHC molecule displays one peptide at a time, why?

Features of peptide binding to MHC molecules. (CH 3)

A

Each T cell responds to a single peptide bound to an MHC molecule

41
Q

MHC molecules bind only peptides, why?

Features of peptide binding to MHC molecules. (CH 3)

A

MHC-restricted T cells respond mainly to protein antigens*

42
Q

MHC molecules are expressed on antigen-presenting cells and function to display peptides derived from ?

How are antigens displayed to T lymphocytes? ch 3

A

protein antigens

43
Q

The class II MHC pathway converts protein antigens that are endocytosed into vesicles of antigen-presenting cells into peptides that bind to class II MHC molecules for recognition by

Processing and Presentation of Protein Antigens ch3

A

CD4 + T cells

44
Q

Class I and class II MHC molecules display peptides from different cellular compartments, why?

Features of peptide binding to MHC molecules. (CH 3)

A

Class I and class II MHC molecules provide immune surveillance for microbes in different locations

45
Q

why does peptide binding to MHC have a very slow off-rate?

Features of peptide binding to MHC molecules. (CH 3)

A

MHC molecule displays bound peptide for long enough to be located by T cell

46
Q

Stable surface expression of
MHC molecule requires bound peptide

Features of peptide binding to MHC molecules. (CH 3)

A

Only peptide-loaded MHC molecules are expressed on the cell surface for recognition by T cells

Microbiology (21 decks)

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