Adaptive Immunity (Pp 2) part 2 Flashcards
TCRs only function as
Properties of antibodies and T cell antigen receptors (TCRs). (CH4)
membrane receptors
Antibodies (also called immunoglobulins) may be expressed as
Properties of antibodies and T cell antigen receptors (TCRs). (CH4)
membrane receptors or secreted proteins
antigen receptors of B lymphocytes, can recognize many types of
Properties of antibodies and T cell antigen receptors (TCRs). (CH4)
chemical structures
what is the antibody effector function?
Properties of antibodies and T cell antigen receptors (TCRs). (CH4)
complement fixation, phagocyte binding
The antigen-binding site of an antibody is composed of the V regions of both the ? 2 things
Structure of antibodies. (CH4)
both the heavy chain and the light chain
the core antibody structure contains ?
Structure of antibodies. (CH4)
two identical antigen binding sites
The fragment of an antibody that contains a whole light chain (with its single V and C domains) attached to the V and first C domains of a heavy chain is capable of antigen recognition and was therefore called ?
Structure of antibodies. (CH4)
Fab (fragment, antigen-binding)
proteolytic fragment containing the remaining heavy-chain C domains is identical in all antibody molecules of a particular type and tends to crystallize in solution and was therefore called the
Structure of antibodies. (CH4)
Fc (fragment, crystalline)
IgA function?
Features of the major isotypes (classes) of antibodies. (CH4)
mucosal immunity
IgD function?
Features of the major isotypes (classes) of antibodies. (CH4)
naive B cell antigen receptor
IgE function?
Features of the major isotypes (classes) of antibodies. (CH4)
defense against helminthic parasites, immediate hypersensitivity
IgG function?
Features of the major isotypes (classes) of antibodies. (CH4)
- opsonization
- complement activation
- antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity
- neonatal immunity
- feedback inhibition of B cells
IgM function?
Features of the major isotypes (classes) of antibodies. (CH4)
naive B cell antigen receptor (monomeric form), complement activation
CD20
Selected therapeutic monoclonal antibodies in clinical use.
depletion of B cells
CD52
depletion of lymphocytes
CTLA-4
activation of T cells
PD-1
activation of effector T cells
Positive selection of lymphocytes allows only cells that express ?
Lymphocyte Development
functional receptors to complete the maturation steps.
Negative selection of lymphocytes kills off cells with
Lymphocyte Development
high affinity for self antigens, eliminating potentially dangerous lymphocytes that could cause autoimmune disease
Steps for recombination
Recombination and expression of immunoglobulin (Ig) genes.
Somatic recombination (D-J joining) in two B cell clones then somatic recombination (V-DJ joining) in 2 B cell clones, then Transcription, next RNA processing, last Translation
think: the dj plays music then a very good dj comes and he writes a song about rna that needs to be translated
Maturation and Selection of B Lymphocytes
Watch Osmosis video for breakdown and do questions
Fragments of cells infected with intracellular microbes (e.g., viruses) or antigens produced in these cells are ingested by ?
Cross-Presentation of Internalized Antigens to CD8 + T Cells
dendritic cells
transporter associated with antigen processing is ?
(TAP)
TAP is involved in the transport of what MHC pathway?
Comparative features of the two major antigen processing pathways (ch3)
Class I MHC Pathway
think: tap once, clip twice
endosomes and lysosomes are displayed by?
Processing and Presentation of Protein Antigens (ch3)
displayed by class II MHC molecules
think: clip twice so two somes
specialized APCs (dendritic cells, macrophages, B cells), peptides proteolytically generated in late ____ ?
Processing and Presentation of Protein Antigens (ch3)
endosomes and lysosomes
In any nucleated cell, peptide fragments of proteins generated by proteolytic complexes in the cytosol are called ?
Processing and Presentation of Protein Antigens (ch3)
proteasomes
proteasomes are displayed by ?
Processing and Presentation of Protein Antigens (ch3)
are displayed by class I MHC molecules,
The class I MHC pathway converts proteins in the cytosol into peptides that bind to class I MHC molecules for recognition by ?
Processing and Presentation of Protein Antigens (ch3)
CD8 + T cells
MHC genes are codominantly expressed, meaning
Properties of MHC Genes and Proteins (CH 3)
that the alleles inherited from both parents are expressed equally
polymorphic feature means?
Properties of MHC Genes and Proteins (CH 3)
Different individuals are able to present and respond to different microbial peptides
MHC genes are highly (polymorphic or monomorphic)?
Properties of MHC Genes and Proteins (CH 3)
highly polymorphic
Co-dominant expression: on mhc genes means?
Properties of MHC Genes and Proteins (CH 3)
Increases number of different MHC molecules that can present peptides to T cells
Class I molecules are expressed on all ___ ____?
Properties of MHC Genes and Proteins (CH 3)
all nucleated cells,
class II molecules are expressed mainly on ___? ( there are 3 types of cells)
Properties of MHC Genes and Proteins (CH 3)
dendritic cells, macrophages, and B lymphocytes
MHC-expressing cell types:
Class I: significance
Properties of MHC Genes and Proteins (CH 3)
CD8+ CTLs can kill any type of virus-infected cell
MHC-expressing cell types:
Class II: significance
Properties of MHC Genes and Proteins (CH 3)
CD4+ helper T lymphocytes interact with dendritic cells, macrophages, B lymphocytes
Invaritant chain and DM are involved in the transport of what MHC pathway?
Comparative features of the two major antigen processing pathways (ch3)
Class II MHC Pathway
Broad specificity means?
Features of peptide binding to MHC molecules. (CH 3)
Many different peptides can bind to the same
MHC molecule
Each MHC molecule displays one peptide at a time, why?
Features of peptide binding to MHC molecules. (CH 3)
Each T cell responds to a single peptide bound to an MHC molecule
MHC molecules bind only peptides, why?
Features of peptide binding to MHC molecules. (CH 3)
MHC-restricted T cells respond mainly to protein antigens*
MHC molecules are expressed on antigen-presenting cells and function to display peptides derived from ?
How are antigens displayed to T lymphocytes? ch 3
protein antigens
The class II MHC pathway converts protein antigens that are endocytosed into vesicles of antigen-presenting cells into peptides that bind to class II MHC molecules for recognition by
Processing and Presentation of Protein Antigens ch3
CD4 + T cells
Class I and class II MHC molecules display peptides from different cellular compartments, why?
Features of peptide binding to MHC molecules. (CH 3)
Class I and class II MHC molecules provide immune surveillance for microbes in different locations
why does peptide binding to MHC have a very slow off-rate?
Features of peptide binding to MHC molecules. (CH 3)
MHC molecule displays bound peptide for long enough to be located by T cell
Stable surface expression of
MHC molecule requires bound peptide
Features of peptide binding to MHC molecules. (CH 3)
Only peptide-loaded MHC molecules are expressed on the cell surface for recognition by T cells
