Adaptive Immunity (Pp 2) part 2

Question 1

TCRs only function as

Properties of antibodies and T cell antigen receptors (TCRs). (CH4)

Answer 1

membrane receptors

Question 2

Antibodies (also called immunoglobulins) may be expressed as

Properties of antibodies and T cell antigen receptors (TCRs). (CH4)

Answer 2

membrane receptors or secreted proteins

Question 3

antigen receptors of B lymphocytes, can recognize many types of

Properties of antibodies and T cell antigen receptors (TCRs). (CH4)

Answer 3

chemical structures

Question 4

what is the antibody effector function?

Properties of antibodies and T cell antigen receptors (TCRs). (CH4)

Answer 4

complement fixation, phagocyte binding

Question 5

The antigen-binding site of an antibody is composed of the V regions of both the ? 2 things

Structure of antibodies. (CH4)

Answer 5

both the heavy chain and the light chain

Question 6

the core antibody structure contains ?

Structure of antibodies. (CH4)

Answer 6

two identical antigen binding sites

Question 7

The fragment of an antibody that contains a whole light chain (with its single V and C domains) attached to the V and first C domains of a heavy chain is capable of antigen recognition and was therefore called ?

Structure of antibodies. (CH4)

Answer 7

Fab (fragment, antigen-binding)

Question 8

proteolytic fragment containing the remaining heavy-chain C domains is identical in all antibody molecules of a particular type and tends to crystallize in solution and was therefore called the

Structure of antibodies. (CH4)

Answer 8

Fc (fragment, crystalline)

Question 9

IgA function?

Features of the major isotypes (classes) of antibodies. (CH4)

Answer 9

mucosal immunity

Question 10

IgD function?

Features of the major isotypes (classes) of antibodies. (CH4)

Answer 10

naive B cell antigen receptor

Question 11

IgE function?

Features of the major isotypes (classes) of antibodies. (CH4)

Answer 11

defense against helminthic parasites, immediate hypersensitivity

Question 12

IgG function?

Features of the major isotypes (classes) of antibodies. (CH4)

Answer 12

1. opsonization
2. complement activation
3. antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity
4. neonatal immunity
5. feedback inhibition of B cells

Question 13

IgM function?

Features of the major isotypes (classes) of antibodies. (CH4)

Answer 13

naive B cell antigen receptor (monomeric form), complement activation

Question 14

CD20

Selected therapeutic monoclonal antibodies in clinical use.

Answer 14

depletion of B cells

Question 15

CD52

Answer 15

depletion of lymphocytes

Question 16

CTLA-4

Answer 16

activation of T cells

Question 17

PD-1

Answer 17

activation of effector T cells

Question 18

Positive selection of lymphocytes allows only cells that express ?

Lymphocyte Development

Answer 18

functional receptors to complete the maturation steps.

Question 19

Negative selection of lymphocytes kills off cells with

Lymphocyte Development

Answer 19

high affinity for self antigens, eliminating potentially dangerous lymphocytes that could cause autoimmune disease

Question 20

Steps for recombination

Recombination and expression of immunoglobulin (Ig) genes.

Answer 20

Somatic recombination (D-J joining) in two B cell clones then somatic recombination (V-DJ joining) in 2 B cell clones, then Transcription, next RNA processing, last Translation

think: the dj plays music then a very good dj comes and he writes a song about rna that needs to be translated

Question 21

Maturation and Selection of B Lymphocytes

Answer 21

Watch Osmosis video for breakdown and do questions

Question 22

Fragments of cells infected with intracellular microbes (e.g., viruses) or antigens produced in these cells are ingested by ?

Cross-Presentation of Internalized Antigens to CD8 + T Cells

Answer 22

dendritic cells

Question 23

transporter associated with antigen processing is ?

Answer 23

(TAP)

Question 24

TAP is involved in the transport of what MHC pathway?

Comparative features of the two major antigen processing pathways (ch3)

Answer 24

Class I MHC Pathway

think: tap once, clip twice

Question 25

endosomes and lysosomes are displayed by? ## Footnote Processing and Presentation of Protein Antigens (ch3)

Answer 25

displayed by class II MHC molecules think: clip twice so two somes

Question 26

specialized APCs (dendritic cells, macrophages, B cells), peptides proteolytically generated in late ____ ? ## Footnote Processing and Presentation of Protein Antigens (ch3)

Answer 26

endosomes and lysosomes

Question 27

In any nucleated cell, peptide fragments of proteins generated by proteolytic complexes in the cytosol are called ? ## Footnote Processing and Presentation of Protein Antigens (ch3)

Answer 27

proteasomes

Question 28

proteasomes are displayed by ? ## Footnote Processing and Presentation of Protein Antigens (ch3)

Answer 28

are displayed by class I MHC molecules,

Question 29

The class I MHC pathway converts proteins in the cytosol into peptides that bind to class I MHC molecules for recognition by ? ## Footnote Processing and Presentation of Protein Antigens (ch3)

Answer 29

CD8 + T cells

Question 30

MHC genes are codominantly expressed, meaning ## Footnote Properties of MHC Genes and Proteins (CH 3)

Answer 30

that the alleles inherited from both parents are expressed equally

Question 31

polymorphic feature means? ## Footnote Properties of MHC Genes and Proteins (CH 3)

Answer 31

Different individuals are able to present and respond to different microbial peptides

Question 32

MHC genes are highly (polymorphic or monomorphic)? ## Footnote Properties of MHC Genes and Proteins (CH 3)

Answer 32

highly polymorphic

Question 33

Co-dominant expression: on mhc genes means? ## Footnote Properties of MHC Genes and Proteins (CH 3)

Answer 33

Increases number of different MHC molecules that can present peptides to T cells

Question 34

Class I molecules are expressed on all ___ ____? ## Footnote Properties of MHC Genes and Proteins (CH 3)

Answer 34

all nucleated cells,

Question 35

class II molecules are expressed mainly on ___? ( there are 3 types of cells) ## Footnote Properties of MHC Genes and Proteins (CH 3)

Answer 35

dendritic cells, macrophages, and B lymphocytes

Question 36

MHC-expressing cell types: Class I: significance ## Footnote Properties of MHC Genes and Proteins (CH 3)

Answer 36

CD8+ CTLs can kill any type of virus-infected cell

Question 37

MHC-expressing cell types: Class II: significance ## Footnote Properties of MHC Genes and Proteins (CH 3)

Answer 37

CD4+ helper T lymphocytes interact with dendritic cells, macrophages, B lymphocytes

Question 38

Invaritant chain and DM are involved in the transport of what MHC pathway? ## Footnote Comparative features of the two major antigen processing pathways (ch3)

Answer 38

Class II MHC Pathway

Question 39

Broad specificity means? ## Footnote Features of peptide binding to MHC molecules. (CH 3)

Answer 39

Many different peptides can bind to the same MHC molecule

Question 40

Each MHC molecule displays one peptide at a time, why? ## Footnote Features of peptide binding to MHC molecules. (CH 3)

Answer 40

Each T cell responds to a single peptide bound to an MHC molecule

Question 41

MHC molecules bind only peptides, why? ## Footnote Features of peptide binding to MHC molecules. (CH 3)

Answer 41

MHC-restricted T cells respond mainly to protein antigens*

Question 42

MHC molecules are expressed on antigen-presenting cells and function to display peptides derived from ? ## Footnote How are antigens displayed to T lymphocytes? ch 3

Answer 42

protein antigens

Question 43

The class II MHC pathway converts protein antigens that are endocytosed into vesicles of antigen-presenting cells into peptides that bind to class II MHC molecules for recognition by ## Footnote Processing and Presentation of Protein Antigens ch3

Answer 43

CD4 + T cells

Question 44

Class I and class II MHC molecules display peptides from different cellular compartments, why? ## Footnote Features of peptide binding to MHC molecules. (CH 3)

Answer 44

Class I and class II MHC molecules provide immune surveillance for microbes in different locations

Question 45

why does peptide binding to MHC have a very slow off-rate? ## Footnote Features of peptide binding to MHC molecules. (CH 3)

Answer 45

MHC molecule displays bound peptide for long enough to be located by T cell

Question 46

Stable surface expression of MHC molecule requires bound peptide ## Footnote Features of peptide binding to MHC molecules. (CH 3)

Answer 46

Only peptide-loaded MHC molecules are expressed on the cell surface for recognition by T cells