Adaptive Immunity (Pp) part1 Flashcards
Notes from Chapter 1 to 3. Flashcards end on the role of MHC associated antigen on the adaptive immune flash cards
Function of Plasma Cells : IgA
secretion of IgA into breastmilk
What cell secretes antibodies?
Plasma Cell
Antibodies may be produced as?
SO 10
Identify the basic structural components of the TCR.
Antibodies ( immunoglobulins) may be produced as membrane receptors of B lymphocytes and as proteins secreted by antigen-stimulated B cells that have differentiated into antibody-secreting plasma cells
chapter 4
Lymphocytes:
B lymphocytes function?
Cells of the adaptive immune system
mediators of humoral immunity
Specific recognition of antigens and generation of adaptive immune responses:
Lymphocytes:
T lymphocytes function?
(immunity)
Cells of the adaptive immune system (pp)
mediators of cell-mediated immunity
Specific recognition of antigens and generation of adaptive immune responses:
antigen-presenting cells:
dendritic cells function?,
Cells of the adaptive immune system (pp)
initiation of T cell responses, stimulate adaptive immune responses
Capture of antigens for display to lymphocytes:
antigen-presenting cells:
macrophages function?
Cells of the adaptive immune system (pp)
effector phase of cell-mediated immunity
Capture of antigens for display to lymphocytes:
antigen-presenting cells:
follicular dendritic cells function?
Cells of the adaptive immune system (pp)
display of antigens to B lymphocytes in humoral immune responses
Capture of antigens for display to lymphocytes:
effector cells:
t lymphocytes function?
Cells of the adaptive immune system (pp)
activation of phagocytes, killing infected cells
Elimination of antigens:
effector cells:
macrophages function?
Cells of the adaptive immune system (pp)
phagocytosis and killing of microbes
Elimination of antigens:
effector cells:
granulocytes function?
Cells of the adaptive immune system (pp)
killing microbes
Elimination of antigens:
4 types of polymorphonuclear (granulocytes) ?
neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, mast cells
refer to the intro to immune flashcards
B lymphocytes recognize soluble or microbial surface antigens and differentiate into antibody-secreting cells called
Classes of lymphocytes ( chapter 1, pp)
plasma cells
B lymphocyte effector function is to?
Classes of lymphocytes ( chapter 1, pp)
Neutralization of microbe, phagocytosis, complement activation
Helper T lymphocyte has 3 effector function, what are they?
Classes of lymphocytes ( chapter 1, pp)
Activation of macrophage (cell-mediated immunity) , inflammation, activation of B lymphocytes (humoral immunity)
Cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) effector function is to?
Classes of lymphocytes ( chapter 1, pp)
Killing of infected cells
Regulatory lymphocyte effector function is to?
Classes of lymphocytes ( chapter 1, pp)
Suppression of immune response
Both helper Tcells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes recognize peptides derived from intracellular microbial proteins displayed on the cell surface by?
Classes of lymphocytes ( chapter 1, pp)
major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules
Helper Tcells recognize MHC II displayed on the surface of macrophages or other APC , and secrete _____ ? what do they do?
Classes of lymphocytes ( chapter 1, pp)
cytokines that stimulate different mechanisms of immunity and inflammation
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes recognize peptides displayed by any type of ____ ?
Classes of lymphocytes ( chapter 1, pp)
infected cell type (or tumor cell) and kill these cells.
Regulatory Tcells ____ the activation of other lymphocytes, especially of Tcells, and ____ autoimmunity.
Classes of lymphocytes ( chapter 1, pp)
limit, prevent
CD4+ helper T lymphocytes phenotypic markers
Major properties of the lymphocytes (CH. 1 pp)
CD3+
CD4+
CD8-
CD8+
cytotoxic T
lymphocytes phenotypic markers
Major properties of the lymphocytes (CH. 1 pp)
CD3+
CD4-
CD8+
Regulatory
T cells phenopytic markers?
Major properties of the lymphocytes (CH. 1 pp)
CD3+
CD4+
CD25+
FoxP3+
fox news at 3pm
B Cells phenotypic markers?
Major properties of the lymphocytes (CH. 1 pp)
Fc receptors class II MHC , CD19, CD 23
All lymphocytes arise from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the ?
Origin of lymphocytes ( chapter 1 PP)
bone marrow
B lymphocytes mature in the ?
Origin of lymphocytes ( chapter 1 PP)
bone marrow
T lymphocytes mature in the ?
Origin of lymphocytes ( chapter 1 PP)
thymus
Mature lymphocytes leave the generative lymphoid organs and enter the circulation and secondary (peripheral)lymphoid organs, which are the major sites of immune responses where lymphocytes encounter …
Origin of lymphocytes ( chapter 1 PP)
antigens and are activated
(like getting your first job and receiving your first paycheck)
Naive lymphocytes express receptors for antigens but _____ (do or do not ) perform the functions that are required to eliminate antigens
Stages in the life history of lymphocytes (ch 1)
do not perform the functions
how does apoptosis occur in naive lymphocytes?
Stages in the life history of lymphocytes (ch 1)
If they are not activated by antigen, after several months up to a few years, naive lymphocytes die by the process of apoptosis and are replaced by new cells that have developed in the generative lymphoid organs.
- basically you get kicked out if you’re not active
| from the book
Effector lymphocytes are ?
Stages in the life history of lymphocytes (ch 1)
the differentiated progeny of naive cells that have the ability to produce molecules that function to eliminate antigens.
how do naive lymphocytes differentiation into effector cells and memory cells?
Stages in the life history of lymphocytes (ch 1)
The differentiation of naive lymphocytes into effector cells and memory cells is initiated by antigen recognition.
(thus ensuring that the immune response that develops is specific for the antigen that is encountered.)
chapter 1 book
The effector cells in the B lymphocyte lineage are antibody-secreting cells called ?
Stages in the life history of lymphocytes (ch 1)
plasma cells
Effector CD4 + T cells (helper T cells) produce proteins called
Stages in the life history of lymphocytes (ch 1)
cytokines
what do cytokines do when activated?
Stages in the life history of lymphocytes (ch 1)
cytokines that activate B cells, macrophages, and other cell types, mediate the helper function of this lineage
Memory cells , also generated from the progeny of antigen-stimulated lymphocytes, can ?
Stages in the life history of lymphocytes (ch 1)
survive for long periods in the absence of antigen
memory cells are functionally inactive; they do not perform effector functions unless stimulated by?
Stages in the life history of lymphocytes (ch 1)
an antigen
When memory cells encounter the same antigen that induced their development, they rapidly respond by becoming ?
Stages in the life history of lymphocytes (ch 1)
effector cells that initiate secondary immune responses
think:this is my second time seeing you today
Protein antigens of microbes that enter the body are captured mainly by ? concentrated where?
Capture of Protein Antigens by Antigen-Presenting Cells (ch 3)
dendritic cells and concentrated in the secondary (peripheral) lymphoid organs
how are microbes carried to the lymph node?
what carries them?
Capture of Protein Antigens by Antigen-Presenting Cells (ch 3)
Microbes or their antigens may be carried to lymph nodes in the lymphatic vessel by dendritic cells
how are microbes carried to the spleen?
what carries them?
Capture of Protein Antigens by Antigen-Presenting Cells (ch 3)
in the blood, and are then captured by resident dendritic cells
conventional dendritic cells do what?
Capture of Protein Antigens by Antigen-Presenting Cells (ch 3)
these are the cells that capture and present most protein antigens to T lymphocytes.
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells are the major source of
Populations of dendritic cells (ch 3)
type I interferons in innate immune responses
classical dendritic cells produce what 4 cytokines?
Populations of dendritic cells (ch 3)
TNF, IL-6, IL-12, IL-23
step 1 of protein presentation
what do immature dendritic cells do in the epithelial barrier?
Capture, transport, & presentation of protein antigens by dendritic cells (ch3)
Immature dendritic cells in epithelial barrier tissues, capture microbial antigens, are activated, express CCR7 (not shown), then leave the epithelium.
capture, activate, express
| pp slide and book notes
CCR7 is ?
Capture, transport, & presentation of protein antigens by dendritic cells (ch3)
chemoattracting cytokines (chemokines)
expressed by naive T lymphocytes then promotes their entry into the T-cell zones of lymph nodes
step 2 of protein presentation
The dendritic cells migrate to draining _____? being attracted there by _____ produced in the lymphatic vessels and nodes.
Capture, transport, & presentation of protein antigens by dendritic cells (ch3)
lymph nodes, attracted by chemokines
step 3 of protein presentation
In response to signals induced by the microbe, such as Toll-like receptor (TLR) signals and cytokines, the dendritic cells mature and acquire the ability to ?
Capture, transport, & presentation of protein antigens by dendritic cells (ch3)
present antigens to naive T lymphocytes in the lymph nodes
Immature dendritic cells express surface receptors that ?
Capture, transport, & presentation of protein antigens by dendritic cells (ch3)
capture microbial antigens
mature dendritic cells express high levels of MHC molecules and costimulators, which function to
Capture, transport, & presentation of protein antigens by dendritic cells (ch3)
stimulate T cells
lymph passes through lymph nodes, APCs in the nodes are able to sample the antigens of microbes that may enter through epithelia into
Structual organization of a lymph node (Ch 1)
tissues
dendritic cells pick up antigens of microbes from epithelia and other tissues and transport these antigens to the
Structual organization of a lymph node (Ch 1)
lymph nodes
The result of antigen capture and transport is that the antigens of microbes that enter through epithelia and become
Structual organization of a lymph node (Ch 1)
concentrated in draining lymph nodes
delete later
doesn’t want us to know too much. #55
The spleen serves the same role as the ______
splenic arteriole surrounded by the periarteriolar lymphoid sheath (PALS) ch 1
The spleen serves the same role in immune responses to blood-borne antigens as that of lymph nodes in responses to lymph-borne antigens.
the role of the spleen isn’t too known. just know what the zones are
Blood-borne antigens are captured and concentrated by?
splenic arteriole surrounded by the periarteriolar lymphoid sheath (PALS) ch 1
Blood entering the spleen flows through a network of channels (sinusoids). Blood-borne antigens are captured and concentrated by dendritic cells and macrophages in the spleen.
the spleen contains ? what do the macophages in the spleen do?
splenic arteriole surrounded by the periarteriolar lymphoid sheath (PALS) ch 1
The spleen contains abundant phagocytes that line the sinusoids, which ingest and destroy microbes in the blood. These macrophages also ingest and destroy old red blood cells.
Dendritic cells , expression of Class II MHC?
Types of Antigen-presenting cell
increases with maturation; increased by IFN-gamma (y)
Dendritic cells ,costimulators?
Types of Antigen-presenting cell
increased with maturation, induced by TLR ligands, IFN-gamma(y), and Tcells (CD40-CD40L interaction)
Dendritic cells , principal function?
Types of Antigen-presenting cell
Antigen presentation to naive T cells in the initiation of T cell responses to protein antigens (priming)
Macrophages , principal function?
Types of Antigen-presenting cell
Antigen presentation to CD4+ effector T cells in the effector phase of cell-mediated immune responses
B lymphocytes, principal function?
Types of Antigen-presenting cell
Antigen presentation to CD4+ helper T cells in humoral immune responses (T cell-B cell interactions)
think cross presenation
Class I and class II MHC molecules are membrane proteins that each contains an ?
Structure & Function of Major Histocompatibility Complex Molecules, ch 3
extracellular peptide-binding cleft
MHC I
Each class I MHC molecule consists of an α chain noncovalently associated with a protein called ?
Structure & Function of Major Histocompatibility Complex Molecules, ch 3
β 2 -microglobulin that is encoded by a gene outside the MHC locus.
MHC 1
The α chain consists of three extracellular domains followed by ____________ and ________ domains.
Structure & Function of Major Histocompatibility Complex Molecules, ch 3
transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains
MHC II
Each class II MHC molecule consists of two transmembrane chains, called
Structure & Function of Major Histocompatibility Complex Molecules, ch 3
α and β (alpha and beta)
MHC II
Each chain has ____ extracellular domains, followed by the transmembrane and cytoplasmic regions.
Structure & Function of Major Histocompatibility Complex Molecules, ch 3
two
what is the MHC Class 1 pathway of processing cytosolic antigens?
Processing of Cytosolic Antigens for Display by Class I MHC Molecules
(CH3)
Proteins enter the cytoplasm of cells either from endogenous synthesis by microbes that reside in the cytosol of infected cells or from microbes that are ingested but whose antigens are transported into the cytosol.
2. Cytosolic proteins are unfolded, ubiquitinated, and degraded in proteasomes.
3. The peptides that are produced are transported by the transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP) into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), where the peptides may be further trimmed.
4. Newly synthesized class I MHC molecules are initially stabilized by chaperones and attached to TAP by a linker protein called tapasin, so the MHC molecules are strategically located to receive peptides that are transported into the ER by TAP.
5. The peptide–class I MHC complexes are transported to the cell surface and are recognized by CD8 + T cells.
think : tap once
straight from the book and the PowerPoint slide
what is a proteasome?
Processing of Cytosolic Antigens for Display by Class I MHC Molecules
(CH3)
proteasome is a complex composed of rings containing proteolytic enzymes that in most cells
- function of degrading misfolded proteins into peptides
In order to form peptide-MHC complexes, the peptides must be transported into the
Processing of Cytosolic Antigens for Display by Class I MHC Molecules
(CH3)
ER ( endoplasmic reticulum)
step 1 of antigen transport MHC 2
Protein antigens are ingested by antigen-presenting cells (APCs) into vesicles, where they are degraded into peptides. Class II MHC molecules enter the same vesicles, where the class II …. what occurs next
ch 3
Processing of Internalized Antigens for Display by Class II MHC Molecules
invariant chain peptide (CLIP) that occupies the cleft of newly synthesized class II molecules is removed.
step 2 of transport MHC 2
These class II molecules are then able to bind peptides derived from the endocytosed protein. The HLA-DM molecule facilitates the
ch 3
Processing of Internalized Antigens for Display by Class II MHC Molecules
removal of CLIP and subsequent binding of the antigenic peptide.
Protein antigens of microbes that live in the cytoplasm of infected cells enter the class I MHC pathway of antigen processing. As a result, these proteins are recognized by CD8 + cytotoxic T lymphocytes, whose function is to
ch 3
Role of MHC-associated antigen presentation in recognition of microbial antigens by CD8 + and CD4 + effector T cells.
kill infected cells.
Protein antigens of microbes that are endocytosed from the extracellular environment by macrophages and B lymphocytes enter the class II MHC pathway of antigen processing. As a result, these proteins are recognized by CD4 + helper T lymphocytes, whose functions are to ? 2 things
ch 3
Role of MHC-associated antigen presentation in recognition of microbial antigens by CD8 + and CD4 + effector T cells.
activate macrophages to destroy phagocytosed microbes and activate B cells to produce antibodies against extracellular microbes and toxins
