Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Microbiology > Intro to Fungi > Flashcards

Intro to Fungi Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Ubiquitous group of organisms with a life purpose to degrade organic matter

A

FUNGI

IMPORTANCE OF FUNGI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Their strands (____) physically bind soil particles together, which helps water enter the soil and increase the earth’s ability to retain liquid

IMPORTANCE OF FUNGI

A

hyphae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

KINGDOM FUNGI

A cell membrane in which ____ is the major sterol component

A

ergosterol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

KINGDOM FUNGI

Macroscopic fungi:

A

mushrooms, puffballs, gill fungi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

KINGDOM FUNGI

Microscopic fungi: with two morphologies

A

hyphae and yeast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

KINGDOM FUNGI

Hyphae

A

long filamentous fungi or molds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

KINGDOM FUNGI

Yeast

A

round ovoid shape, asexual reproduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Adverse impact of fungi

ROLES OF FUNGI

A
  • Mycoses, allergies, toxin production
  • Destruction of crops and food storages
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Beneficial impact of fungi

ROLES OF FUNGI

A
  • Sources of antibiotics, alcohol, organic acids, vitamins
  • Decomposers of dead plants and animals
  • Used in making foods and in genetic studies
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

KINGDOM FUNGI

A rigid cell wall composed of

A

chitin and glucan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

MICROSCOPIC FUNGI: MOLDS

septate

A

divided by partitions
or cross-walls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

MICROSCOPIC FUNGI: MOLDS

molds are multicellular and consist of threadlike tubular structures called

A

hyphae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

MICROSCOPIC FUNGI: MOLDS

coenocytic

A

hollow and
multinucleate) or septate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

MICROSCOPIC FUNGI: MOLDS

Vegetative hyphae

A

digest and absorb nutrients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

MICROSCOPIC FUNGI: MOLDS

Reproductive hyphae

A

produce spores for
reproduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The colonies formed by molds are often
described as

MICROSCOPIC FUNGI: MOLDS

A

filamentous, cottony, hairy, or
woolly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

MICROSCOPIC FUNGI: YEASTS

Cells distinguished by its round
to oval shape and by its mode
of

A

asexual reproduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

MICROSCOPIC FUNGI: YEASTS

yeasts grows swellings on its
surface called

A

buds, which then
become separate cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

MICROSCOPIC FUNGI: YEASTS

Yeasts are usually unicellular
and produce

A

round, pasty, or
mucoid colonies on agar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

MICROSCOPIC FUNGI: YEASTS

Some form a pseudohyphae, a
chain of

A

yeasts formed when
buds remain attached in a row

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

FUNGAL NUTRITION

All fungi are

A

heterotrophic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

FUNGAL NUTRITION

Majority are harmless saprobes living off

A

dead plants and animals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

FUNGAL NUTRITION

Parasites =

A

organisms that live on or within a host from which they derive benefits without making any useful contribution in return

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

FUNGAL NUTRITION

Mycoses are

A

fungal infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

notes:book

Yeasts: cell that reproduces by

A

budding or fission

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

FUNGAL REPRODUCTION

Fungi reproduce primarily through

A

spores formed on reproductive hyphae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

FUNGAL REPRODUCTION

Can be sexual _____

A

meiosis, preceded by fusion of the protoplasm and nuclei of two compatible mating types

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

FUNGAL REPRODUCTION

Can be asexual

A

mitosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

FUNGAL REPRODUCTION

Teleomorph

A

the form of the fungus
producing sexual spores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

FUNGAL REPRODUCTION

Anamorph

A

the form of the fungus
producing asexual spores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

FUNGAL REPRODUCTION

Asexual spores consist of two general
types:

A

sporangiospores and conidia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

FUNGAL REPRODUCTION

Sporangiospores: spores produced in a ? and released from?

A
  • containing structure or sporangia
    • Have to be released from sporangium
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

FUNGAL REPRODUCTION

Conidia: spores that are

A
  • borne naked on specialized structures (not contained)
  • Usually in free environment
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

SEXUAL SPORE FORMATION

Spores are formed following fusion of ____ ?

A

two different strains and formation of sexual structure

35
Q

SEXUAL SPORE FORMATION

3 names of spores

A

Zygospores, ascospores, and basidiospores

36
Q

SEXUAL SPORE FORMATION

Importance: sexual spores and spore-forming structures are

A

one basis for fungal classification

37
Q

FUNGAL IDENTIFICATION

Isolation on

A

specific media (culture)

38
Q

Macroscopic and microscopic observation of:

FUNGAL IDENTIFICATION

A
  • Asexual spore-forming structures and spores
  • Hyphal type
  • Colony texture and pigmentation
39
Q

Physiological characteristics

FUNGAL IDENTIFICATION

A
  • Metabolites
  • Cell wall components
  • Enzymes
40
Q

Genetic makeup

FUNGAL IDENTIFICATION

A

Molecular methods

41
Q

TODAY’S FUNGAL EXAMPLES

Endemic dimorphic fungi

region specific (endemic) 2 forms (dimorphic)

A

Histoplasma capsulatum, Coccidioides immitis, Blastomyces dermatitidis

History Becomes Cool

42
Q

TODAY’S FUNGAL EXAMPLES

Dermatophytes

skin infections 3 types

A

Microsporum spp.,Trichophyton spp., Epidermophyton spp.

MET GALA : b/c celebs show skin

43
Q

TODAY’S FUNGAL EXAMPLES

Opportunistic fungi

A
  • Aspergillus fumigatus
  • Cryptococcus neoformans
  • Candida spp.

As Candy Crys : takes every opportunity to infect

44
Q

Saprobic phase: what is the temperature and form

A

25degree C, Mold

mold in the Cold

SAPROBIC AND PARASITIC PHASES OF ENDEMIC DIMORPHIC FUNGI

45
Q

parasitic phase: what is the temperature and form

A

37 degress C, yeast

yeast in the heat

SAPROBIC AND PARASITIC PHASES OF ENDEMIC DIMORPHIC FUNGI

46
Q

Mold form makes round to oval/pear-shaped conidia located on long or short terminal hyphal branches.

what fungus?

CHARACTERISTICS OF ENDEMIC DIMORPHIC MYCOSES

A

Blastomycosis

47
Q

Blastomycosis colony type?

CHARACTERISTICS OF ENDEMIC DIMORPHIC MYCOSES

A

produces white to tan, filamentous, mold colonies on standard mycologic media at 25 degrees C

48
Q

Dermatophytes

Blastomycosis, geographic distribution?

CHARACTERISTICS OF ENDEMIC DIMORPHIC MYCOSES

A

Book
* ○ Mississippi river basin
○ Great lakes (midwest states, canada, NY and canada along St. Lawrence Rv)
○ Southeastern region of the US
○ Africa and parts of Central and South America

49
Q

Classic form of blastomycosis is that of

CHARACTERISTICS OF ENDEMIC DIMORPHIC MYCOSES

A

chronic cutaneous involvement

50
Q

map picture

CHARACTERISTICS OF ENDEMIC DIMORPHIC MYCOSES

A

states like Lousiana, florida, south/north carolina, around michigan and the great lakes

51
Q

blue picture in the book

CHARACTERISTICS OF ENDEMIC DIMORPHIC MYCOSES

A

looks like a balance beam with little pulps coming out

Blastomycosis

52
Q

microscopic features of blastomycosis

CHARACTERISTICS OF ENDEMIC DIMORPHIC MYCOSES

A
  • Yeast cells are spherical, hyaline, 8 to 15 (mu)meter in diameter, multinucleated and have thick “double-contoured” walls
53
Q

When grown at 37 degrees C, yeast phase colonies are

blastomycosis

CHARACTERISTICS OF ENDEMIC DIMORPHIC MYCOSES

A

wrinkled, folded, and glabrous

54
Q

Microscopic: hyaline, septate hyphae with one-celled smooth conidia (25 degrees C)
Large, thick-walled, budding yeast at 37 degrees C

what fungi

CHARACTERISTICS OF ENDEMIC DIMORPHIC MYCOSES

A

blastomycosis

55
Q

geographic location of COCCIDIOIDOMYCOSIS?

CHARACTERISTICS OF ENDEMIC DIMORPHIC MYCOSES

A
  • localized to California/arizona
  • Region: central and southern California, southern arizona, southern new mexico, parts of utah and washington, and western texas
  • Extends southwards into desert regions of northern Mexico and parts of Central and South America

Southwest US

56
Q

Found in soil/dust and growth of the fungus in the environment is enhanced by bat and rodent droppings, what fungi?

CHARACTERISTICS OF ENDEMIC DIMORPHIC MYCOSES

A

COCCIDIOIDOMYCOSIS

57
Q

Clinical disease: initial pulmonary infection (asymptomatic), chronic pulmonary ____mycosis, disseminated ____omycosis ( cutaneous, meningitis, bone and joints) in immunocomp patients, genitourinary, opthalmic

what fungi?

CHARACTERISTICS OF ENDEMIC DIMORPHIC MYCOSES

A

COCCIDIOIDOMYCOSIS

58
Q

what fungi looks like square chin chin in a line?

A

COCCIDIOIDOMYCOSIS

59
Q

identification of COCCIDIOIDOMYCOSIS

A

Exoantigen and nucleic acid probe tests

60
Q

COCCIDIOIDOMYCOSIS Macroscopically:

A

white to gray, moist, and glabrous and occurs within 3 to 4 days.
*the colony enlarges into a circular “bloom.” Mature colonies usually become tan to brown or lavender.

61
Q

Microscopically, vegetative hyphae give rise to fertile hyphae that produce alternating hyaline arthroconidia separated by empty disjunctor cells

what fungi?

A

COCCIDIOIDOMYCOSIS

62
Q
  • Natural habitat is soil with a high nitrogen content
    ○ Areas contaminated with exposure to pigeon or bat droppings

what fungi?

A

HISTOPLASMOSIS

63
Q
  • Localized to broad regions of the ohio and mississippi river valleys in the US and occurs throughout Mexico and Central and south america
    ○ Have been reported after environmental disturbances in nonendemic states
    East and midwest

what fungi?

A

HISTOPLASMOSIS

64
Q

HISTOPLASMOSIS has small budding

A

small budding yeasts within macrophages

65
Q

○ Self-limited form of acute pulmonary histoplasmosis is marked by a

HISTOPLASMOSIS

A

flulike illness with fever, chills, headache, cough, myalgias and chest pain

66
Q

what fungi?

  • Macroscopically: colonies are slow growing and white or buff-brown in color (25 degrees C), yeast phase colonies (37 degrees C) are smooth, white, and pasty
A

HISTOPLASMOSIS

67
Q

what fungi?

Microscopically: thin, septate hyphae that produce tuberculate macroconidia and smooth-walled microconidia (25 degrees C), small oval budding yeasts produces at 37 degrees C

A

HISTOPLASMOSIS

68
Q

thermal dimorphism

HISTOPLASMOSIS

A

○ a hyaline mold in nature and in culture at 25 degrees C
○ As an intracellular budding yeast in tissue and in culture at 37 degrees C

69
Q

Opportunistic Mycoses (opportunistic pathogens)

name 3

A

Aspergillus fumigatus, candida spp, Crytococcus neoformans

70
Q

aspergillus

Microscopically,

A

Grow as branched, septate hyphae that produce conidial head when exposed to air in culture and in tissue

71
Q

what fungi?

Branches are dichotomous and usually arise at an acute 45 degree angle

A

aspergillus

72
Q

Identification of aspergillus

A

use a combination of antigen detection (either galactomannan or β- d -glucan) and PCR

73
Q

morphology of CRYPTOCOCCOSIS

A
  • Spheric to oval, encapsulated, yeastlike organisms
    ○ Surrounded by spheric zones or “halos” that represent the extracellular polysaccharide capsule
    § Detected with mucin stain (mayer mucicarmine)
74
Q

CRYPTOCOCCOSIS

  • Macroscopic:

colony type

A

colonies are shiny, mucoid, dome shaped, and cream to tan in color

75
Q

CRYPTOCOCCOSIS

Microscopically:

A

budding spherical cells of varying size, capsule present, no pseudohyphae, cells may have multiple narrow-based buds

76
Q

what fungi?

Tests for urease positive, phenoloxidase positive, and nitrate reductase negative, latex agglutination (polysaccharide capsule), LFD or EIA test for polysaccharide antigen mulicicarmine and melanin stains in tissue

A

CRYPTOCOCCOSIS

77
Q

what is used to treat cryptococcus neoformans

A

Amphotericin B plus flucytosin acutely for 2 weeks (induction therapy)

78
Q

after a 2 week induction treatment of amphotericin b and flucytosin. what can be used for an 8-week consolidation with either oral ___ or ____?
and why?

A

fluconazole or itraconazole
○ AIDS patients require lifelong management

79
Q

candida

Macroscopic culture:

what type of colonies do you see ?

A

form smooth, white, creamy, domed colonies, smooth or wrinkled morphology

Pasty white to tan and opaque

80
Q

what fungi?

Range from superficial mucosal and cutaneous____ to widespread hematogenous dissemination involving liver, spleen, kidney, heart and brain

A

candida

81
Q

laboratory diagnosis

identification for candida

A

Germ-tube test for identification of isolates to species level, - PNA-FISH, MALDI-TOF MS
- Morphology on corn meal agar, CHROMagar, rapid trehalose test

82
Q

colonies are blue-green to gray

A

Aspergillus

83
Q

characteristics of asexual spores

A

used to identify fungi

84
Q

microsporum diagnostic test

A

microscopic examination of a skin scraping treated with KOH

Microbiology (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions