Antiprotozoal Drugs Flashcards
Doxycycline
Malaria
tetracycline (used to treat bacterial infections)
no dairy
chemoprophylaxis ( prevent malaria)
Chloroquine
chemoprophylaxis or treatment of malaria after infection
○ Okay for pregnant women
malaria
chloroquine adverse effects
- mild side effects,
- itching,
- liver diease,
- neurological or hemotologic disease
- oral bioavavible, long half life - 2 months
Atovaquone-proguanil-
combination “malarone”
malaria
Atovaquone-proguanil MOA
MOA: (atovaquone) interferes with organisms ETC; (proguanil) inhibit dihydrofolate reductase - enzyme used to make folic acid
Atovaquone-proguanil facts
Prophylaxis and treatment
○ Contraindicated in pregnancy
○ Has to be taken within shortest period of time before possible exposure
Primaquine:
prophylaxis or treatment; in hepatic stage and treats dormant forms of malaria
Tafenoquine like primaquine but has a
longer half life
Primaquine
Population of people that don’t get it have a G6P deficiency
Keep up antioxidant supply and less able to neutralize free radicals (end up with hemolytic anemia)
malaria
Mefloquine:
prophylaxis or treatment
malaria
Causes psychiatric disfunction
Mefloquine
malaria
○ Contraindication: patients with present psychiatric issues
○ Not first line and used if coartem if not available
Mefloquine:
malaria
what disease is this?
Uncomplicated Other species: uses of oral medications
○ Higher dose of medications listed above
○ Chloroquine is used with organism that is still sensitive to drug
malaria
what is used?
P.Falciparum : (uncomplicated symtoms of malaria)
artemisinin (oral medication)
malaria
Severe: malaria symptoms
anemia, respiratory difficulties, renal/hepatic failure, cognitive disfunction
best treatment option for severe malaria with complications
artesunate
malaria
IV form of ___ : effective against malaria especially P. falciparum
artemisinin (class) : artesunate
Quinine/quinidine:
not used for treatment in US
malaria
to treat or not to treat?
* symptoms (acute or chronic) - * treat all acute
* age( older than 50 with —— and no symptoms because they wont live long enough)
AMERICAN TRYPANOSOMIASIS (chagas)
what does it treat?
Benznidazole: in nitroimidazole class
AMERICAN TRYPANOSOMIASIS
(BAN) : Benznidazole , american, nifurtimox
## Footnote
AMERICAN TRYPANOSOMIASIS
Benznidazole causes
Cause a type of dermatitis, bone marrow suppression, peripheral neuropathy
AMERICAN TRYPANOSOMIASIS
Benznidazole contraindication
Contraindication: pregnancy, renal and hepatic disfunction, constant monitoring of vitals
AMERICAN TRYPANOSOMIASIS
treats what?
○ Nifurtimox:
§ MOA unclear
§ Lots neurological side effects
§ Contraindication: pregnancy, constant monitoring of vitals
§ Cns toxicitiy, temors, insomina
§ Treat for 90 days
AMERICAN TRYPANOSOMIASIS
what medication? treats what?
- Lots neurological side effects
- Contraindication: pregnancy, constant monitoring of vitals
- Cns toxicitiy, temors, insomina
Nifurtimox, AMERICAN TRYPANOSOMIASIS
What drug treats?
west african and no cns
pentamidine
there are no pens in west africa
west african and CNS
eflornithine, +/- nifurtimox
east african and no cns
suramin
T.brueci :rhodiese
east african and cns
melarsoprol
Asymptomatic intestinal infection
AMEBIASIS
Generally not treated in endemic areas
asymptomatic
Nonendemic areas =
AMEBIASIS
treated with a luminal amebicide
paromomycin
US treatment for amebiasis
paromomycin
drug and diease it treats
Drug of choice in its class because it is not absorbed well in lumen
paromomycin, AMEBIASIS
Used from treatment of extraluminal amebiasis
Metronidazole & Tinidazole
AMEBIASIS
- Amebic colitis
○ Treatment of choice: Metronidazole + a luminal amebicide is treatment of choice for amebic colitis and dysentery
Tetracyclines and erythromycin are alternative drugs for
moderate colitis but are not effective against extraintestinal disease
AMEBIASIS
Cannot drink alcohol due to disulfiram-like effect (nausea and vomiting)
Metronidazole & Tinidazole
amebiasis
Giardiasis:
metronidazole (better tolerated since only a lower dose is needed)
Get Me Tea Now Please
Giardia
Metronidazole
Tiniazole
Nitazoxanide
Paromomycin
PIE
Paromycin (if in america)
or Iodoqunol
Entamoeba
P or I treat Entamoeba for asymtopmatic in the US
MET THEN PIE
Metronidazole
Entamoeba
Tiniazole
then
Paromycin
or Iodoqunol
Entamoeba
for liver abcess
what do you use for symptomatic entamoeba?
paromycin
most appropriate to treat the hemolymphatic stage of Trypanosoma brucei infection
pentamidine and suramin.
is an antimalarial drug used to treat Plasmodium infection
Mefloquine
is used in the meningoencephalitic stage of Trypanosoma brucei infection.
Melarsoprol
is an antiprotozoal agent used to treat Trypanosoma cruzi
Benznidazole
Treatment for uncomplicated Plasmodium infection includes which of the following?
chloroquine or mefloquine (in areas with chloroquine resistance)
Treatment for chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum infection includes which of the following?
atovaquone/proguanil,
