Antiprotozoal Drugs Flashcards by Medically Makk

Doxycycline

Malaria

tetracycline (used to treat bacterial infections)

no dairy

chemoprophylaxis ( prevent malaria)

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Chloroquine

chemoprophylaxis or treatment of malaria after infection
○ Okay for pregnant women

malaria

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chloroquine adverse effects

mild side effects,
itching,
liver diease,
neurological or hemotologic disease
oral bioavavible, long half life - 2 months

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Atovaquone-proguanil-

combination “malarone”

malaria

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Atovaquone-proguanil MOA

MOA: (atovaquone) interferes with organisms ETC; (proguanil) inhibit dihydrofolate reductase - enzyme used to make folic acid

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Atovaquone-proguanil facts

Prophylaxis and treatment
○ Contraindicated in pregnancy
○ Has to be taken within shortest period of time before possible exposure

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Primaquine:

prophylaxis or treatment; in hepatic stage and treats dormant forms of malaria

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Tafenoquine like primaquine but has a

longer half life

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Primaquine

Population of people that don’t get it have a G6P deficiency

Keep up antioxidant supply and less able to neutralize free radicals (end up with hemolytic anemia)

malaria

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Mefloquine:

prophylaxis or treatment

malaria

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Causes psychiatric disfunction

Mefloquine

malaria

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○ Contraindication: patients with present psychiatric issues
○ Not first line and used if coartem if not available

Mefloquine:

malaria

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what disease is this?

Uncomplicated Other species: uses of oral medications

○ Higher dose of medications listed above
○ Chloroquine is used with organism that is still sensitive to drug

malaria

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what is used?

P.Falciparum : (uncomplicated symtoms of malaria)

artemisinin (oral medication)

malaria

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Severe: malaria symptoms

anemia, respiratory difficulties, renal/hepatic failure, cognitive disfunction

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best treatment option for severe malaria with complications

artesunate

malaria

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IV form of ___ : effective against malaria especially P. falciparum

artemisinin (class) : artesunate

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Quinine/quinidine:

not used for treatment in US

malaria

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to treat or not to treat?
* symptoms (acute or chronic) - * treat all acute
* age( older than 50 with —— and no symptoms because they wont live long enough)

AMERICAN TRYPANOSOMIASIS (chagas)

what does it treat?

Benznidazole: in nitroimidazole class

AMERICAN TRYPANOSOMIASIS

(BAN) : Benznidazole , american, nifurtimox
## Footnote

AMERICAN TRYPANOSOMIASIS

Benznidazole causes

Cause a type of dermatitis, bone marrow suppression, peripheral neuropathy

AMERICAN TRYPANOSOMIASIS

Benznidazole contraindication

Contraindication: pregnancy, renal and hepatic disfunction, constant monitoring of vitals

AMERICAN TRYPANOSOMIASIS

treats what?

○ Nifurtimox:
§ MOA unclear
§ Lots neurological side effects
§ Contraindication: pregnancy, constant monitoring of vitals
§ Cns toxicitiy, temors, insomina
§ Treat for 90 days

AMERICAN TRYPANOSOMIASIS

what medication? treats what?

Lots neurological side effects
Contraindication: pregnancy, constant monitoring of vitals
Cns toxicitiy, temors, insomina

Nifurtimox, AMERICAN TRYPANOSOMIASIS

What drug treats? west african and no cns

pentamidine | there are no pens in west africa

west african and CNS

eflornithine, +/- nifurtimox

east african and no cns

suramin | T.brueci :rhodiese

east african and cns

melarsoprol

Asymptomatic intestinal infection ## Footnote AMEBIASIS

Generally not treated in endemic areas

# asymptomatic Nonendemic areas = ## Footnote AMEBIASIS

treated with a luminal amebicide | paromomycin

US treatment for amebiasis

paromomycin

# drug and diease it treats Drug of choice in its class because it is not absorbed well in lumen

paromomycin, AMEBIASIS

Used from treatment of extraluminal amebiasis

Metronidazole & Tinidazole ## Footnote AMEBIASIS

- Amebic colitis

○ Treatment of choice: Metronidazole + a luminal amebicide is treatment of choice for amebic colitis and dysentery

Tetracyclines and erythromycin are alternative drugs for

moderate colitis but are not effective against extraintestinal disease ## Footnote AMEBIASIS

Cannot drink alcohol due to disulfiram-like effect (nausea and vomiting)

Metronidazole & Tinidazole ## Footnote amebiasis

Giardiasis:

metronidazole (better tolerated since only a lower dose is needed)

Get Me Tea Now Please

Giardia Metronidazole Tiniazole Nitazoxanide Paromomycin

PIE

Paromycin (if in america) or Iodoqunol Entamoeba | P or I treat Entamoeba for asymtopmatic in the US

MET THEN PIE

Metronidazole Entamoeba Tiniazole *then* Paromycin or Iodoqunol Entamoeba | for liver abcess

what do you use for symptomatic entamoeba?

paromycin

most appropriate to treat the hemolymphatic stage of Trypanosoma brucei infection

pentamidine and suramin.

is an antimalarial drug used to treat Plasmodium infection

Mefloquine

is used in the meningoencephalitic stage of Trypanosoma brucei infection.

Melarsoprol

is an antiprotozoal agent used to treat Trypanosoma cruzi

Benznidazole

Treatment for uncomplicated Plasmodium infection includes which of the following?

chloroquine or mefloquine (in areas with chloroquine resistance)

Treatment for chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum infection includes which of the following?

atovaquone/proguanil,