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Intro to Micro (SO) Flashcards

1
Q

Relate the history of infection and microbiology to its importance in the study of medicine.

SO 1

A

Infection and microbiology are important to medicine because of the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of infectious disease

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2
Q

Knowledge of microbial characteristics to their role in human health and disease.

SO 2

A

Microbial characteristics impact our health in many ways, understanding, microbes helps physicians prevent and treat any that could affect a human.

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3
Q

Robert Koch

Analyze how Koch’s postulates have allowed for the identification, prevention, and treatment of microbial infections

SO 3

A

Koch’s postulates allowed for claims to be made that a particular organism is the cause of a particular disease. he establish propagate cultures to dictate a specific bacteria.

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4
Q

3 disease connected to Robert Koch

A

Anthrax,Cholera, Tuberculosis
ACT

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5
Q

Organism is?

1st Koch Postulates

SO 14

A

The organism is demonstrable in every case of the disease.

Ex. Every time you see HIV it needs to be the same virus.

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6
Q

What can it do?

2nd Koch Postulates

SO 14

A

It can be isolated and propagated in pure culture in vitro.

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7
Q

Inoculation of..?

3rd Koch Postulates

SO 14

A

Inoculation of the pure culture by a suitable route into a suitable host should reproduce the disease.

Ex. AIDS , Impregnated through iv into a rat should produce the Aid again.

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8
Q

Organism can?

4th Koch Postulates

SO 14

A

The organism can be reisolated from the new host.

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9
Q

medical microbiology

SO 4

A

microogranisms are associated with human diseases

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10
Q

microorganism

SO 4

A

an organism that can be seen through a microscope

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11
Q

germ theory

SO 4

A

microogranisms ( pathogens/germs) can lead to disease

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12
Q

microbiota

SO 4

A

community of microbes that live in/on a human for both health/diseases

particular to a site/habitat

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13
Q

microbiome

SO 4

A

aggregate collection of microbial genomes

specific to a person, food you eat, medications

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14
Q

endogenous infection

SO 4

A

comes from inside the body

UTI, Metabolic disorders, congential abnormalities

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15
Q

exogenous infection

SO 4

A

comes from outside the body

chemical agents, trauma, chickenpox, Tb

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16
Q

taxonomy

SO 4

A

a system/classification , nomenclature, dentication

species, genus, family, order, class, phylum, kingdom

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17
Q

obligate pathogens organism?

SO 4

A

(all virsus) found in the host only for disease causation

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18
Q

importance of studying medical microbiology

SO 5

A

used to treat and prevent different diseases

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19
Q

Robert Hooke

SO 6

A

observed a silver cork under a microscope and discovered cells

NN: Hook a cork

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20
Q

Anton Van Leewenhoek

SO 6

A

1674 and discovered “animalcules”

NN: Anton is an animal
## Footnote

Introduction to Medical Microbiology : Ch 1.

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21
Q

Otto Müller

SO 6

A

1774, organized bacteria according to the Linnaeus scheme ( Carolus Linnaeus)

NN: Otto organized Linn
## Footnote

Introduction to Medical Microbiology : Ch 1.

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22
Q

Edward Jenner

SO 6

A

1796, carried out the first smallpox immunizations

NN: Ed is Immuned
## Footnote

Microbiology and medicine Ch1

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23
Q

Louis Pasteur

SO 6

A

developed pasteurization to destory organism in wine
- two dogmas: fermentation is possible and life could be spontaneously generated

Microbiology and medicine Ch1 & Introduction to Medical Microbiology : Ch 1

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24
Q

Joseph Lister

SO 6

A

practiced infection control; performed antiseptic surgery

nn: List her surgery
| aimed to destroy the microorganisms responsible for infection in surgery

Microbiology and medicine Ch1

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25
Robert Koch | SO 6
1876, established the Bacillus anthrasis causes anthrax; first to prove the Germ Theory of diease ## Footnote Introduction to Medical Microbiology : Ch 1. Human Microbiome in Health and Disease Ch 2 Microbiology and medicine Ch1
26
Christian Gram | SO 6
1884, developed the Gram Stain | ( how we are able to distinguish bacteria ) ## Footnote Morphology and nature of microorganisms ch 2
27
John Enders (1946) | SO 6
first to cultivate viruses for vaccine development | start large-scale production of virus cultures for vaccine development ## Footnote Introduction to Medical Microbiology : Ch 1
28
Paul Ehrlich (1910) | SO 6
discovered first antimicrobial agent against syphilis Paul eh is against syphilis ## Footnote Introduction to Medical Microbiology : Ch 1, Microbiology and medicine ch 1
29
Alexander Fleming | SO 6
1928, discovery of penicilin | fungal mould:penicillium notatum Flem in the pen ## Footnote Introduction to Medical Microbiology : Ch 1, Microbiology and medicine ch 1
30
Friedrich Henle | SO 6
1840, proposed that germs are the cause of diseases known as the "germ theory of disease" nn: proposed to germs ## Footnote Introduction to Medical Microbiology : Ch 1.
31
John Snow | SO 6
1853-1854, known as the father of modern epidemiology; demonstrated the epidemic spread of cholera through contaminated water NN: John Snows in Color | Cholera outbreak ## Footnote Microbiology and medicine Ch1
32
James Watson, Francis Crick, Rosalind Franklin (1953) | SO 6
determined that the structure of DNA is a double helix ## Footnote Microbiology and medicine Ch1
33
Frederick Sanger (1977) | SO 6
developed the first DNA sequencing method sang to dna ## Footnote Microbiology and medicine Ch1
34
Carl Wose | SO 6
1977, discovered the Domain Archaea (later creating 3 domains of life) wose's domain ## Footnote 8/17 class Books
35
Genentech (1982) | SO 6
created human insulin (Humulin), which became the first recombinant DNA drug approved by the FDA tech in soon
36
Kary Mullis (1986) | SO 6
invented polymerase chain reaction (PCR) mull pulls pieces ## Footnote Microbiology and medicine Ch1
37
Craig Venter (1995) | SO 6
with colleagues, published the first microbial genomic sequence (Haemophllus influenza) vents to germs
38
bacteriology is the study of | SO 7
bacteria
39
mycology is the study of | SO 7
fungi
40
protozoology is the study of | SO 7
protozoa
41
parasitology is the study of | SO 7
helminths and other parasites
42
virology is the study of | SO 7
viruses
43
1st Stage of infection | SO 13
encounter ## Footnote Chapter 11 – The natural history of infection and the human microbiome
44
2nd stage of infection | SO 13
entry and establishment ## Footnote Chapter 11 – The natural history of infection and the human microbiome
45
3nd stage of infection | SO 13
spread ## Footnote Chapter 11 – The natural history of infection and the human microbiome
46
4nd stage of infection | SO 13
survival and multiplication ## Footnote Chapter 11 – The natural history of infection and the human microbiome
47
5nd stage of infection | SO 13
damage/dysfunction ## Footnote Chapter 11 – The natural history of infection and the human microbiome
48
6nd stage of infection | SO 13
outcome ## Footnote Chapter 11 – The natural history of infection and the human microbiome
49
What is the mode(s) of transmission? | SO 12
reservoir, immediate source, susceptible host | food, water, airborne, exogenous or endogenous ## Footnote Med micro 19th chap 2
50
What is/are the sources of infection? | SO 12
exogenous or endogenous , insects or vector borne disease ## Footnote Med micro 19th chap 2
51
Influences on the composition of the human microbiota. | SO 10
personal hygiene, diet,water source, environment, antibiotic ## Footnote chapter 2 med micro 9th
52
Viruses | SO 8
-smallest infectious particles -contains DNA or RNA -viral nucleic acids are enclosed ( protein shell) with or without a lipid membrane ## Footnote Introduction to Medical Microbiology
53
Virus : Feature | SO 9
-True parasites (needs a host cell for replication) -infection lead to rapid destruction of the cell or a chronic relationship ## Footnote Introduction to Medical Microbiology
54
Virus examples | SO 8
Heptitis C, HIV, Hep B, Human papillomevirus ## Footnote Introduction to Medical Microbiology
55
Bacteria | SO 8
Prokaryotic, unicellular, reproduce by asexual division Gram negative - thin peptidoglycan layer w/ overlying outer membrane Gram positive- thick peptidoglycan layer w/o other membrane ## Footnote Introduction to Medical Microbiology
56
Bacteria : features | SO 9
Shapes: spheres, rods, spirals Spatial arrangement - single cells, chains, clusters Versatile and picky ## Footnote Introduction to Medical Microbiology
57
Bacteria examples
Clostridium difficile, E. Coli ## Footnote Introduction to Medical Microbiology
58
Fungi | SO 8
Multicellular, membrane-bound organelles (eukaryotic) , parasitic or symbiotic diversity Unicellular (yeast) Asexually or filamentous form (mold) ## Footnote Introduction to Medical Microbiology
59
Fungi : Features | SO 9
Mold in environment and spherical in body (dimorphic) Range in infections from benign skin infections, pneumonias, sepsis, disfiguring disease, immunocompromised host ## Footnote Introduction to Medical Microbiology
60
Fungi examples | SO 8
Histoplasma, Blastomyces, and Coccidiodes. ## Footnote Introduction to Medical Microbiology
61
Parasites | SO 8
Eukaryotic cell most complex microbes mix unicellular and multicellular Range in size ## Footnote Introduction to Medical Microbiology
62
Parasites | SO 9
Various lifespans- permanent to progression(animal) Unique to different regions Many prevention and treatment options ## Footnote Introduction to Medical Microbiology
63
The Role of the microbiome in human health and disease | SO 11
Diversity, metabolism of nurtients
64
Which microbiology laboratory tests do we use? | SO 15
Antigen detection (SEROLOGY ), PCR ## Footnote The natural history of infection and the human microbiome
65
What is Antisepsis? | SO 16
Use of chemical agents on skin or other living tissue to inhibit or eliminate microbes; no sporicidal action is implied ## Footnote Sterilization, Disinfection, and Antisepsis
66
What is Disinfection? | SO 16
Use of physical procedures or chemical agents to destroy most microbial forms; bacterial spores and other relatively resistant organisms (e.g., mycobacteria, viruses, fungi) may remain viable; disinfectants are subdivided into high-, intermediate-, and low-level agents ## Footnote Sterilization, Disinfection, and Antisepsis
67
Germicide: | SO 16
Chemical agent capable of killing microbes; includes virucide, bactericide, sporicide, tuberculocide, and fungicide ## Footnote Sterilization, Disinfection, and Antisepsis
68
Sterilization | SO 16
Use of physical procedures or chemical agents to destroy all microbial forms, including bacterial spores ## Footnote Sterilization, Disinfection, and Antisepsis
69
High-level disinfectant | SO 16
A germicide that kills all microbial pathogens except large numbers of bacterial spores
70
Intermediate-level disinfectant | SO 16
A germicide that kills all microbial pathogens except bacterial endospores ## Footnote Sterilization, Disinfection, and Antisepsis
71
Low-level disinfectant | SO 16
A germicide that kills most vegetative bacteria and lipid-enveloped and medium-size viruses ## Footnote Sterilization, Disinfection, and Antisepsis
72
T/F Viruses are single-celled organism | Ob 9
False : they are multicellular
73
T/F Viruses contain both DNA and RNA | OB 9
False : they contain one or the other never both
74
The distinction between bacterial groups using the Gram stain remains a vital component of clinical specimen analysis. Which of the following features can be distinguished by this method? | SO 15
Distinction between cocci and bacilli ## Footnote Morphology and nature of microorganisms
75
Can antibiotic sensitivity of cells be used to identify microorganisms?
No, they are not precise enough for clinical purposes ## Footnote Morphology and nature of microorganisms

Microbiology (21 decks)

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