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Microbiology > Exam 4 > Flashcards

Exam 4 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

describe how it looks. what treats it?

Cyst entamobea Histo

A

chromatodial,

metronidazole will not treat cysts only trophozoties (MET)

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2
Q

describe how it looks

Picture of plasmodium

A

P. Falciparum: ring(outside), pickle (gametocyte) Maurers Cleft
P. vivax : ring ( center), circle (gametocyte) schuffner’s dots

FAM ( eat pickles with the fam), VIS ( visit your fam)

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3
Q

what phase is this?

Malaria merozoites enter liver

A

Asexual phase ( humans)
exoerythrocytic phase
schizogony generates merozoites

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4
Q

Granulomas in brain

A

cerebal granulmatous caused by ectopic S. Japonicum eggs

t. cruzi : megacardia and involvemnt of the cns may produce granulomaas in the brain with cyst formation and meningoencephalits

(was japonicum or cruzi?)

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5
Q

mosquito for w Bancroft

A

biting flies and mosquito, subtropical(tropical regions) africa, madagasgar

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6
Q

IL-4

A

helminths, dendritic cells releases il 4 and il10 and tgf beta.
* il4 produced a th2
* tgf beta and il10 triggers treg
* il 4 and ige production and increased mucus production

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7
Q

Intestinal nematode

A

acaris l, vomiting , destention, abdominal pain, intenstinal obstruction and potential perforation

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8
Q

Parenthesis loss of vibration sense

A

D. Latum
Neurologic manifestations: numbness, paresthesia, and loss of vibration sense
Praziquantel - drug

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9
Q

Picture of ascaris lumbricoides

A

round white picture,
fertilized egg with 2 things,
unferetizled egg
close up of lips

AA (meeting)

treatment : albendazole (mebendazole)
pregnancy: pryantel pamoate : over the counter

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10
Q

needs to be metabolized first

A

P. Falciprum
* Accumulation of ROS from Primaquine
Rapidly metabolized and renal excretion

Albendazole
- Metabolized in the liver to active metabolite albendazole sulfoxide
○ Mostly protein-bound
○ Distributes well to tissues
○ Enters bile, CSF, and hydatid cysts

a ben in the liver

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11
Q

pancytopenia albendazole

A

-Long-term use (for CNS): abdominal distress, headaches, fever, fatigue, alopecia, increases in liver enzymes, and pancytopenia

Pancytopenia occurs when a person has a decrease in all three blood cell types.

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12
Q

a lumbricoides is an

A

intestinal nematode

i’ve met AA

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13
Q

machinery praziquantel

A

d. Latum
* drug of choice: niclosamide
○ Alternatives: praziquantel and paromomycin
S. Mansoni
* Drug of choice is praziquantel - alternative is oxamniquine
* Antihelminthc therapy may terminate oviposition but does not affect lesions caused by eggs already depositied in tissues

MOA for praziquantel
* § Increases the permeability of trematode and cestode cell membranes to calcium
□ Leads to paralysis, dislodgement and death
§ For schistosome infections, it is effective against adult worms and immature stages
§ Has a prophylactic effect against cercarial infections

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14
Q

luminal activity of a drug

A
  • paromomycin : luminal ambicides : doesn’t absorb well in the lumen
  • amebic colitis: metronidazole + luminal ambicides
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15
Q

rupture of blood cells

A
  • P. Fal : * Inside the mosquito, the gametes fertilize, and a ruptured oocyst releases sporozoites –> move to the salivary glands of mosquitos
  • § The hepatocytes eventually rupture –> release the plasmodia —> called merozoites
    □ The merozoites attach to specific receptors on the surface of the erythrocytes –> enters the cell and starts the erythrocytic cycle

plasmodium

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16
Q

treats both cestodes and nematodes

A

ALBENDAZOLE (nematodes, cestodes) -mebendazole
- Broad-spectrum antihelminthic
- Drug of choice for treatment of hydatid disease and cysticercosis
○ Also used for pinworm, hookworm infections, ascariasis, trichuriasis, and strongyloidiasis

CAN - Cest, Alben, Nema

d. latum, drug, ascaris/ w. ban

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17
Q

Chagas treatment

A

BAN:
Benzidazole
American T
Nifurtimox

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18
Q

detection of helminths

A

eggs in feces

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19
Q

E. histolytica VF

A

§ Cysts
§ Pseudopods
§ Adherence of amebae to the colonic mucosal layer, epithelial cells, and leukocytes
§ Proteinases
§ Phospholipases
§ Collagenase
§ Elastase
§ Ionophore
□ Secrete immunosupression by lysing neutrophils
* Mechanism of Attachment and Receptor: Lectin and N-acetylglucosamine conjugates

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20
Q

drug

Contraindication with schizophrenia

A
  • Mefloquine: prophylaxis or treatment
    ○ Causes psychiatric disfunction
    ○ Contraindication: patients with present psychiatric issues
    ○ Not first line and used if coartem if not available
    ○ Oral and bioavable, excreted in feces
    Can be used in pregnancy
21
Q

describe

W. Bancrofti image

A

worm with sheath
or big female small male

BAD : Bancrofti , albendazole, diethyl

Diethylcarbamazine citrate : 1st line
For bancrofti: Administered orally in combination with ivermectin or albendazole

22
Q

primaquine G6P

A
  • Primaquine: prophylaxis or treatment; in hepatic stage and treats dormant forms of malaria
    ○ Tafenoquine like primaquine but has a longer half life
    ○ MOA not clear possibly through generation of free radicals
    ○ Population of people that don’t get it have a G6P deficiency : hemolytic anemia
    § Keep up antioxidant supply and less able to neutralize free radicals (end up with hemolytic anemia)
    ○ Contraindication for pregnant woman: the fetus is g6p deficient
    ○ tafenoquine
23
Q

west treatment

A

T Brucei gambeinse:
WEN : Eflornithine and nitfurtimox (CNS)
No Pens : Pentamidine - toxic, iv, no CNS

24
Q

East treatment

A

T brueci Rhodesinse:
BRES: suramin : excrete renally, no cns, iv drug
MEN : melarsprol : 1st line cns, 2nd line west, iv

25
Q

which one?

t Brucei ulcer at wound site

A
  • Gambian sleeping sickness
    Ulcer/lesion/chancre at the site of fly bite (early signs)
26
Q

snail one with picture

A

3 small is japan
2 is haematobium
1 is big man : mansoni

27
Q

treat D. Latum

A

praziquantel

praise d. latum

28
Q

for what diease?

vaccine

A

malaria

29
Q

giardia, what type of diarrhea

A

non bloody diarrhea
foul smelling

30
Q

from cows?

A
  • TB. Rhodeisne
    Hosts are cattle, sheep, wild game
  • S. MANSOI
    § Has a broad range of reservoir host, many of which are domestic (cats, dogs, cattle, horse, and pigs)
31
Q

what causes African sleeping sickness

A

tsetes fly

32
Q

is caused by protozoa

A

○ The profound immunosuppression problems that accompany advances in medical therapy, place a growing number of individuals at risk for developing infections caused by certain parasites

33
Q

symptoms of malaria

A
  • Malignant tertian malaria
  • NVD, chills, and fever ON THE DAILY (quotidian)
  • Majority of serious complications and deaths are caused by P. falciparum
  • Cerebral malaria
  • Most often seen with P. falciparum
  • Due to malarial pigment –> capillary plugging leading to coma and death
  • Black water fever
  • From kidney damage
    Acute renal failure

chills, anemia, headache, splemomegaly

34
Q

not a virulence factor of helminths- toxins

A

endotoxins - plasmodium
trypansom

35
Q

chemoprophylaxis of malaria - all

A
  • Chloroquine - chemoprophylaxis or treatment of malaria after infection
    ○ Okay for pregnant women
    ○ Food vuolce prevents converison of hem-, the hem is toxic to the plasmondum, blocks metabolism
    ○ mild side effects, itching, liver diease, neurological or hemotologic disease
    oral bioavibalie, long half life - 2 months
    ○
    Alternative chemoprophylactic drugs are primaquine and tafenoquine
36
Q

uncomplicated malaria treatment

A

PF: artemisin
pv: chloroquine

37
Q

giardia route

A

§ Cysts and trophozoites are detected in fecal specimens from infected patients

fecal-oral
§ Giardiasis is acquired by
□ consumption of inadequately treated contaminated water
□ Ingestion of uncooked veggies and fruits
□ Person to person by fecal-oral or oral-anal route
□ **cyst stage is resistant to chlorine concentration

38
Q

lymphadeiasis thing with the picture

A

W. BAN

39
Q

amastigote in heart

A

t cruzi

40
Q

what bug?

Winterbottom sign

A

TB.gambiense
Swelling at cervical lymph nodes and hyperactivity

41
Q

tsete flies

A

t brucei

42
Q

giardiasis treatment

A

Get Me Tea Now Please

Giardia Metronidazole tinidazole nitazoxanide paromomycin

43
Q

what protozoa?

pseudopods vf

A

e. histo

		§ Organs of motility
			□ Simple cytoplasmic extursions or pseudopods 
			□ Complex cilia

amoeba

44
Q

treatment of amebiasis with liver absess

A

MET :
metronidazole
entamoeba
tiniazole
PIE:
parmomycin
iodoquniol
entamoeba

45
Q

one about dormant stage in liver

A

® Some species have a dormant hepatic phase in which the sporozoites do not divide
◊ Called hypnozoites or sleeping forms } These types of plasmodia can also lead to relapse of infection

		- 	Primaquine: prophylaxis or treatment; in hepatic stage and treats dormant forms of malaria

-exoerythrocytic cycle (lasts 8-25 days

46
Q

S. Haematobium ID

A

s. BULNIS, 2 SNAILS
* For S haematobium:
2 doses at intervals 4-6 hrs ( prazi treatment), squamous cell carinoma

47
Q

blood and tissue protozoa

A

plasmodium
trypansoma

48
Q
A

Microbiology (21 decks)

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