Exam 4 Flashcards
(48 cards)
describe how it looks. what treats it?
Cyst entamobea Histo
chromatodial,
metronidazole will not treat cysts only trophozoties (MET)
describe how it looks
Picture of plasmodium
P. Falciparum: ring(outside), pickle (gametocyte) Maurers Cleft
P. vivax : ring ( center), circle (gametocyte) schuffner’s dots
FAM ( eat pickles with the fam), VIS ( visit your fam)
what phase is this?
Malaria merozoites enter liver
Asexual phase ( humans)
exoerythrocytic phase
schizogony generates merozoites
Granulomas in brain
cerebal granulmatous caused by ectopic S. Japonicum eggs
t. cruzi : megacardia and involvemnt of the cns may produce granulomaas in the brain with cyst formation and meningoencephalits
(was japonicum or cruzi?)
mosquito for w Bancroft
biting flies and mosquito, subtropical(tropical regions) africa, madagasgar
IL-4
helminths, dendritic cells releases il 4 and il10 and tgf beta.
* il4 produced a th2
* tgf beta and il10 triggers treg
* il 4 and ige production and increased mucus production
Intestinal nematode
acaris l, vomiting , destention, abdominal pain, intenstinal obstruction and potential perforation
Parenthesis loss of vibration sense
D. Latum
Neurologic manifestations: numbness, paresthesia, and loss of vibration sense
Praziquantel - drug
Picture of ascaris lumbricoides
round white picture,
fertilized egg with 2 things,
unferetizled egg
close up of lips
AA (meeting)
treatment : albendazole (mebendazole)
pregnancy: pryantel pamoate : over the counter
needs to be metabolized first
P. Falciprum
* Accumulation of ROS from Primaquine
Rapidly metabolized and renal excretion
Albendazole
- Metabolized in the liver to active metabolite albendazole sulfoxide
○ Mostly protein-bound
○ Distributes well to tissues
○ Enters bile, CSF, and hydatid cysts
a ben in the liver
pancytopenia albendazole
-Long-term use (for CNS): abdominal distress, headaches, fever, fatigue, alopecia, increases in liver enzymes, and pancytopenia
Pancytopenia occurs when a person has a decrease in all three blood cell types.
a lumbricoides is an
intestinal nematode
i’ve met AA
machinery praziquantel
d. Latum
* drug of choice: niclosamide
○ Alternatives: praziquantel and paromomycin
S. Mansoni
* Drug of choice is praziquantel - alternative is oxamniquine
* Antihelminthc therapy may terminate oviposition but does not affect lesions caused by eggs already depositied in tissues
MOA for praziquantel
* § Increases the permeability of trematode and cestode cell membranes to calcium
□ Leads to paralysis, dislodgement and death
§ For schistosome infections, it is effective against adult worms and immature stages
§ Has a prophylactic effect against cercarial infections
luminal activity of a drug
- paromomycin : luminal ambicides : doesn’t absorb well in the lumen
- amebic colitis: metronidazole + luminal ambicides
rupture of blood cells
- P. Fal : * Inside the mosquito, the gametes fertilize, and a ruptured oocyst releases sporozoites –> move to the salivary glands of mosquitos
- § The hepatocytes eventually rupture –> release the plasmodia —> called merozoites
□ The merozoites attach to specific receptors on the surface of the erythrocytes –> enters the cell and starts the erythrocytic cycle
plasmodium
treats both cestodes and nematodes
ALBENDAZOLE (nematodes, cestodes) -mebendazole
- Broad-spectrum antihelminthic
- Drug of choice for treatment of hydatid disease and cysticercosis
○ Also used for pinworm, hookworm infections, ascariasis, trichuriasis, and strongyloidiasis
CAN - Cest, Alben, Nema
d. latum, drug, ascaris/ w. ban
Chagas treatment
BAN:
Benzidazole
American T
Nifurtimox
detection of helminths
eggs in feces
E. histolytica VF
§ Cysts
§ Pseudopods
§ Adherence of amebae to the colonic mucosal layer, epithelial cells, and leukocytes
§ Proteinases
§ Phospholipases
§ Collagenase
§ Elastase
§ Ionophore
□ Secrete immunosupression by lysing neutrophils
* Mechanism of Attachment and Receptor: Lectin and N-acetylglucosamine conjugates
drug
Contraindication with schizophrenia
- Mefloquine: prophylaxis or treatment
○ Causes psychiatric disfunction
○ Contraindication: patients with present psychiatric issues
○ Not first line and used if coartem if not available
○ Oral and bioavable, excreted in feces
Can be used in pregnancy
describe
W. Bancrofti image
worm with sheath
or big female small male
BAD : Bancrofti , albendazole, diethyl
Diethylcarbamazine citrate : 1st line
For bancrofti: Administered orally in combination with ivermectin or albendazole
primaquine G6P
- Primaquine: prophylaxis or treatment; in hepatic stage and treats dormant forms of malaria
○ Tafenoquine like primaquine but has a longer half life
○ MOA not clear possibly through generation of free radicals
○ Population of people that don’t get it have a G6P deficiency : hemolytic anemia
§ Keep up antioxidant supply and less able to neutralize free radicals (end up with hemolytic anemia)
○ Contraindication for pregnant woman: the fetus is g6p deficient
○ tafenoquine
west treatment
T Brucei gambeinse:
WEN : Eflornithine and nitfurtimox (CNS)
No Pens : Pentamidine - toxic, iv, no CNS
East treatment
T brueci Rhodesinse:
BRES: suramin : excrete renally, no cns, iv drug
MEN : melarsprol : 1st line cns, 2nd line west, iv
