SZ AO3 Flashcards
Reliabilty and Validity of classification and diagnosis AO3
P- co- morbidity
E- define what it is
E- Buckley et Al conc that 50% w SZ also have diagnosis of depression, 23% w SZ diagnosed w OCD. Issue cause doc may not diagnose SZ correctly , indi not receive proper treatment
L- weakens reliabilty and val of class and diag as neg effects its accuracy and consistency
P- gender bias
E- since 80s men more diagnosed w SZ, may be cause they are more gen vul that women. However could be cause females w SZ typically function better than men, being more likely to work, form good fam relationships, sym masked by good interpersonal skills (Cotton et AL)
L- questions reliabilty and validity of class and diag of SZ as women who share sim symptoms as men may not receive same diagnosis as symptoms seem mild
+culture bias, symptom overlap
Genetic theory
P- RS to support the role of genetics in develop of SZ by Tierney
E- Studied 155 adopted children who had bio mothers w SZ found had conc rate of 10%, 1% adopted w no SZ parents
E- supports role of gen as SLT- observing and imiating SZ parents not possible cause adopted.
L- therefore increasing the validity of gen as bio explanation
Neural correlates- brain struc/function
P- Suddath et Al
E- used MRI to investigate brain struc of MZ twins in which one has SZ. SZ twin had more enlarged ven.
E- suggests that enlarged ven played role in determining likelihood of develop
L- increasing the val of neural correlates as a bio exp
Overall A03for bio exp
Limitations:
*Alt exp- fam dysfunction
E- SZ due to faulty comm patterns in fa m like schizophrenogenic mother- mother is cold and creates fam climate of tension and secrecy.
E- leads to distrust- later develops into paranoid delusions rhather than being due to genes/neurotrasmitters etc
L- bio exp not only exp that shoukd be considered.
*bio determinism
LOA- could be seen as strength cause cause and effect established lesding to treatments created
Strengths;
P- practical app
E- principles of theory that SZ is caused by imbalance of DA lead to drug therapies such as atypical and typ antipsychotics- effective by balancing DA levels in brain, reducing symptoms of SZ.
L- important part of applied psych, that increases credibilty
P- scientific methods
E- theory based on objective and empirical tech such as gene mapping and brain scans- FMRI used to identify specific genes areas linked to SZ
L- increases internal val, increasing psychs scientifc status
AO3 Fam dysfunc
Support;
P- RS to sup SZ mother by Mednick et Al
E- researched 207 at high risk of develop SZ who were raised in dys families where mother cold, rejecting and emotionally- unespon to child’s needs. Found that 10 y later 17 of the kids developed SZ, this is 8% compared to 1% of gen pop.
L- supports SZ mother as shows that char of SZ mother increase likehood of person dev SZ, therefore increasing validity of fam dys as exp.
P- RS to sup double bind com by Berger
E- when asked about interac with parents in child, SZ remember more instances of double bind com from their mother than non-schiz
E- shows mixed com in SZ childhood leads to greater chnace of develop SZ in adulthood
L- therefore increasing validity of fam dysfun.
P- prac apps
E- principles of exp led to fam therapy
E- effective in treating SZ by therapist meeting w patient and fam and try to alter com and relationship patterns, leading to decrease of expressed emotion and stress and can prevent relapse in SZ.
L- important part of applied psych that increases credibilty of fam dysf
LIMitations:
*alternative exp for SZ- like bio exp
Cog explanations including dysfun thought processing
Support:
P- Striling et al- central control
E- compared 30 patients w SZ with 18 non patient controls on Stroop test. Ppts had to name the ink colour of the colour word printed. SZ patients took over twice as long to complete task compared to control group.
E- supports cen control as they couldnt suppress their auto reponse of saying word rather tha colour.
L- therefore increasing the validity of central control dysfunc as cog exp of SZ.
P- prac app
E- principle of exp that SZ is caused byu delu thoughts led to treatment of cog behavioural therapy.
E- effective in treating SZ as patients hlped to identify and challenge origins of aud hallucinations (metprese). This can reduce positive symptoms of SZ
L- importnat part of apllied psych that increases cred of cog exp of SZ
Limitations:
alternative exp- bio or fam
Drug therapy
Support:
P- strength of antipsych, evidence to support by Thornley et al.
E- found that a meta- analysis of 13 studies w 1121 ppts investigatingh typical against placebo that antipsych was associated w better overall functioning, reduced symptom severity. Other opsych found that atypical are more effec than typical and is effective in 30-50% of treatment resistant cases.
E- supports that anti psych are effec treatment for reducing positive and neg symp of SZ.
L- therefore increasing the validity of drug therapy
*needs little motivation
Limitation;
*Causes side effects. Typica; - parkinosim and atypical -agranulocytosis.
- drug therapy may nogt be appropiate treatment for all ppts as side effcts could reduce effectiveness and cause relapse so CBT better
Cog behaviour therapy
Support:
P-rs into effectiveness by Jauhar et AL
E- reviewed results of 34 studies of CBT as a treatment for S. conc that CBT has a significanty but small efct on the positive and neg symptoms
E- shows that CBT is fairly efctive in treating SZ by identifying and challenging patients irrational thoights it can reudce the symptoms. However out of 34 studies CBT had a small impact on symptoms.
L- therefore placing doubt on the effcec tiveness of CBT as a treatment for SZ and questioning its validity.
P- strength- avoids chem dependance,
E-encourages pateints to identify and challenge thoughts independently giving them control over behaviour.
E- unlike drug therapy which places a chem straitjkacket as it controls the activity of neutrotran like dop in brain to reduce sym leading to dependence.
L- due to this some may prefer CBT and suggest that learning skills of challenging their SZ symp is more appr for long term treatment.
Limits:
*requires motivation and requirement
Fam Therapy AO3
Limitation:
P- alt exp is art therapy
E- may be less known and less available to ppts but it take splace with spec trained art teacher who has worked with SZ pattients. E-*allows ppts to interpret feelings and express them in safe environemnt. acts as healthy form of distraction from symptoms like disturbing thoughts compared to fam therapy where ppt may feel relucant to talk openly w fam about problems.
L- therefore art therapy may be more app treatment than fam trherapy 4 SZ for fam that struggle express emotions due to dysfunc com.
