Attachment Flashcards
Who investigated stages of attachment
Schaffer and Emerson
4 stages of attachment
Asocial- 0- 6 weeks
Indiscriminate - 2- 7 months
Specific- 7 moths
Multiple - 9-10 months
Describe each stage of attachment
Asocial- infant show innate behaviours to adults and inanimate objects
Indiscriminate- infants show pref to adults over objects and no stranger / sep anxiety
Specific- start forming attachments, show sep/stranger anxiety. 65% show attcahmnet w mother
Multiple- start to form attachments with other regular caregivers, Stranger anx decreases
What does Grossman suggest in the role of the father
Suggest that fathers are responsible for the QUALITY of attachment and mothers for the attachments in adolescence. Mothers atke up a more nurturing role whilst fathers for play and stimulation.
What does Field suggest in the role of the father
He concludes that gender is not important in formimg attachments with the infant but the level of responsiveness is.
What was Grossman’s experiment?
*longitudinal study
*looking at parents behaviour and its relationship to quality of childs attachmnet into teens.
What was Field’s experiment
*lab experiment
Sample:
*had primary caregiver mothers and fathers, and secondary caregiver fathers
Findings;
found that primary fathers and mothers were SMILING, IMITATING and holding infants more than secondary
What does Bowlby’s monotropic theory suggest
Suggests that attachment is evolutionary whilst the classical and operant conditioning explanation suggest that attachment is learnt.
Describe the elements to Bowlby’s monotropic theory- ASCMI
Adaptive- attachment is innitate system, INHERITED to IMPROVE survival
Social releasers- infants, smiling, crying acting cute triggers response of caregiver and enables intercation to take place.
Critical- if infants dont form attachment in 2,5 years of life, theyll never be able to.
Monotropy- most important, suggests that its mothers, doesnt need to be biological
Internal Working Model- mental represantion of how relationships are meant to be like.
What are the 2 laws within the element of monotropy and what do they suggest
Law of accumlated seperation- if caregiver is away from infant for too long it can cause poor quality attachment.
Law of continuity- attachment is better if CONSITENT and PREDICTABLE care
Describe Harlow’s experiment and findings into animal studies
*controlled experiment
*16 rhesus monkys seperated from mothers and placed in cages
*cloth mothers (comfort), wire (food)
*scared them with loud noises and a monster to see what mother theyd go to which was cloth.
*spent more hours w cloth- 17-18 hrs
Found later that the monkeys had emotional damage, and were prone to getting bullied and less likely to mate. If they did mate they were INADEQUATE mothers and abuse children
Describe Lorenz’s experiment and findings
*12 goslings
half of them were placed in an incubator, other with their mother, Those in incubator first moving thning they saw was Lorenx whilst for the others it was their mother.
After he mixed them uip and observed who they followed. Found that the goslings imprinted on Lorenz and followed him everywhere. Critical period is 12-17 hrs.
Goslings that imprinted ion humans try to later on mate with them
What is classical conditioning
Suggest that babies attach due to stimulus, association and response
When a feeder is feeding a child what are are the stimuleses?
Milk- unconditional stimulus that get san unconditional response of pleasure from the baby
Feeder- neutral stimulus- thru repoition baby associates them w pleasure and food
Feeder then turns into conditioned stimulus because baby knows thell get feed when they see them, leads to conditioned reponse of pleasure
What is maternal deprivation?
*prolonged loss of emotional care from a mother figure, without substitute of care it can have serious long term issues.
