schizophrenia Flashcards
How many symptoms do you need to have in ICD-11 to get diagnosed and for how long
*2 or more negative symptoms
*1 month or more
How many symtopms do you need to have in DSM-5 to get diagnosed and for how long
*1 positive symptom eg hallucinatios
*atleast 1 month
Does DSM- 5 have subtypes of schizo?
No
Does ICD-11 have subtypes of schizo? Name one if it does
Yes- paranoid schizo
Name the positive symptoms
*hallucinations- unusual experiences w no basis in reality can be visual or auditory
*delusions- irrational/false beliefs w no basis in reality, make ppl w schizo behave in wayws that make sense to them but bizzare to others
Name a type of delusion in schizo
*delusions of persecution- false beliefs of getting harrased
*delusion of control- false beliefs that being controlled by somet external
Name negative symptoms
*avolition- loss of motivation to carry out everyday tasks, difficulty to begin/keep up w goal orientated tasks
*speech poverty- reduction in the amount and quality of speech
-sometimes delay in verbal responses/ lack of fluency
What is a diagnosis? 2 marks
*identification of an illness or other problem
*by examination of symptoms
*eg- someone hearing voices
Whats classification? 2 marks
*action/process of classifying somet
*classification of disease according to symptoms
*eg- a symptom is hallucinations
What is meant by reliabilty in schizo
*whether consistent results can be gained when classifying and diagnosing schizo
*extent to which DSM-5 and ICD CONSISTENTLY agree on how schizo should be classified
*extent to which 2 or more health profs consistently agree on same diagnosis
What is meant by validity in schizo
*accuracy of identifying schizo symptoms in individuals
*extent to which ICD and DSM accurately identify symptoms
*2 or more health prof accurately diagnose SZ
Research into reliabilty and classification
*Cheniaux- 2 psych to diagnose 100 patients using DSM and ICD
DSM:
*1 psych diagnosed 26 people- DSM
*2 psych- 13 ppl- DSM
ICD:
*1 psych w ICD- 44
*2 psych w ICD- 24
Shows low inter- rater validity- as one found almost the double the amount.
What does Cheniaux experiment show about the validity of DSM-5 and ICD
*as one psych diagnoses almost the double the num of patients using ICD than DSM, questions how accurate both are for outlining symptoms
Define symptom overlap
*two or more conditions share similar symptoms- eg dep and SZ both share avolotion
Define co-morbidity
*2 conditions occur AT SAME TIME.
*SZ mostly diagnosed w other conditions like OCD as they share symptoms- avolition
Whys co-morbidity a problem?
*means that SZ may not exist as a distinct condition- lead to diagnosis
Why can gender bias affect the validity and reliability of classification and diagnosis?
*men in 80s more likely get diagnosed cause more gen vulnerable to developing
*could be bcs females w SZ typically function better- more likely to work and have good fam relationships
Why can culture bias affect the validity and reliability of classification and diagnosis?
*english ppl w afro origin more likely to get diagnosed in UK.
*attribiuted to some afro-caribeean societies that view hearing voices as communication from ancestors whereas in UK beahviour would be associated w positive symptoms of SZ
*therefore resulting in afro-caribbeans living in the UK being 1-x more likely to receive a diagnosis w SZ compared to white Britons.
L- questions the validty and reliabilty of the classification and diagnosis of SZ as a persons culture is impacting the likelihood of being diagnoses w SZ
Name all the psychological explanations for SZ
*schizophrenogenic mother
*double bind communication
*expressed emotion
What does each schizophrenogenic mother suggest
*schizophrenogenic mother- SZ caused by her.- FRIEDA REICHMAN
-cold, controlling, emotionally unresponsive mother
-family climate of tension and secrecy
-passive father
-leads to distrust- develops to paranoid SZ
What does double bind communication sggest
*double bind communication- BATESON ET AL- due to faulty communication patterns in families.
-parent communicates verbal msg not matched to non verbal msg- mixed msgs
-conflicting, confusing forms of communication can cause SZ
- child feels as they cant do right thing- more anxious
-withdrawal and no social contact- avolition
-mixed msgs- disorganized thinking
What does expressed emotion suggest
-its level of emotions( particular negative) expressed towards patients by fam
-high levels of expressed emotion;
-verbal criticism, occasional violence
-hostility including anger and rejection
-emotional over involvement
-development of SZ can cause stress in patient, harrassment from fam can trigger onset SZ
-maintenance for SZ
-stress caused is a primary explanation for relapse in patients- KAVANAGH
-cause patient w SZ is placed BACK in stressful environment, RESURGENCE of positive and negative symptoms
How is SZ maintained according to expressed emotion
maintenance for SZ
-stress caused is a primary explanation for relapse in patients- KAVANAGH
-cause patient w SZ is placed BACK in stressful environment, RESURGENCE of positive and negative sympto
What are the types of emotions fam can express to SZ patient
-verbal criticism, occasional violence
-hostility including anger and rejection
-emotional over involvement
