Bunch Flashcards
Cognitive explanation of depression
*Becks negative triad
*he suggets that consistent negative thinking leads to depression, this negative thinking is due to faulty information processing that causes individual to ignore all positive aspects from situation and just focus on negative, leading to black and white thinking. He proposes that theres 3 types of thinking that causes vulnerabiloty
Strength of Becks negative triad
*One strength of this as an explanation of depression is that its findings lead to practical applications. The principle of the thory suggests that depression is caused by negative thinking, this has lead to effective treatments like CBT. CBT allows patient to identify, challenge and change irrational and negative thoughts into positive thoughts. This is an important part of applied psychology and it helps many people in real life
Limitationm of Becks negative triad
*However theres an alternative explanation to explaining depression, which is the biological approach. This approach suggests that depression is caused by physical factors like neurotransmitters, and a lack of seretonin causing low moods leading to depression. Therefore the cognitive approach shouldnt be the only approach thats considered when explaining depression
Interactional Synchrony
*caregiver and infant act at the same time to maintain communication going for example infant smiles and caregiver smiles at the same time
reciprocity
*gtwo way. mutual process in which the caregiver and imfant take turns to respond to each others behaviour to sustain conversation. Behaviour from one party illicits response from other. For example, infants putting hands up, caregiver picking them up.
Effects of institutianolism
*cognitive imparement-low IQ, not able to understand new or diffrrent concepts, problems with concentration.
- disinhibted attachemnt- child behaves overly familiar with stranger this is unusual becfause mosty children should have stranger anxiety
- reactive attachemnt disorder- unable to trust or love others, not understand others needs, lack of remorse. become isolated and selfish due to lack of responsive caregivers in childhood
One cognitive imterview technique
*recall in rerverse
this prevents eyewitnesss from sayimg what they thoight happened, iuncraeses the accuracy
describe secure attachment
*repsonsive caregiver
*when away from parent they are upset
*avoidant of stranger, friendly when mother comes back
*jappy when mother returns
insecure avoidant
*unresposive caregiver
*unconcerned when mother reyurns
*avoidant of mother and stranger
How are secure attachments in relationships?
*positive, trsut partners
*lomg lasting relationships
How will avoidant be in relationships
*fear of intimacy and jealousy because they donty know since they had unresponsive caregiver
systematic desensitsation
*patient taught how to relax usimg musclr relaxation and breathing techniques.
*patient and therapist work together to create grade scale with stimuli tht scare them the most to least.
-patient gradually expsed to each least feared situation, if scared encouraged to put relaxation techniques into practive (reciprocal inhibition anxiety and relaxation cant co exist)
*only ,oves stage when relaxed.
*treatment completed when patient able to move through scale and desensitisdd
Role of central executive
*attentional process that monitors incoming information and delegates tasks to corresponding slave systems.
*can process all info
*takes over demanding tasks, however it has limited capacitu so can get overloaded
Role of phonological loop
*stores auditory information
*codes acoustically
*limited capacity
*subdivided into articulatory loop- repeats words we hear, *phonological store- stores words we hear
Role of visuo-spatial sketchpad
*stores visually information
*visual cache stores visual data
*inner scribe- records arrangement of objects
*limted capacity of 3-4 items
*sets up mental images
