Swine Flashcards
What disease in young /growing pigs cause 1-2 cm round pushes, resides and scabs on ventral abdomens
Swine pox
How is swine pox transmitted ? How is it treated?
Transmitted by biting insects like lice - usually du not need to treat unless a secondary infection occurs I then you could give broad spectrum antibiotics
What causative agent is associated with edema disease in swine (a neuro disease)
E. coli - f18 producing toxins
What is a key point to remember about edema disease in swine
A systemic disease - causes systemic vasculitis that can lead to edema , also can cause post weaning diarrhea
How does enterotoxogenic E. Coli affect weanling pigs
Causes edema disease by producing shiga toxin that des hous endothelial cells in small vessels leading to blood clots, hemorrhage, ischemic necrosis and edema in vital organs like the brain
A group of weaned pigs are anorexic, weak, circling have diarrhea and dyspnea, and they have edema of their eyelid forehead and lips, what is the top differential
Enterotoxegenic e. Coli causing edema disease
What is the causative agent of pleuropneumonia in pigs
Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia
What does fusobacterium necrophorum cause in pigs
Foot rot or necrotic rhinitis by entering oral or nasal mucosa through wounds
What is the best treatment for sarcastic mange in pigs
Avermectins
What is the causative agent of greasy pig disease
Staphylococcus hyicus - causes oxidative epidermitis
What clinical signs would you expect to see win greasy pig disease and which animals are generally infected
Piglets less than 8 weeks - see depression, anorexia, brown exudative spots on skin of heads, maxillae and groins, brown to black crusts
What is the morbidity and mortality like with greasy pig disease
High for young piglets
What lesions are typical for pityriasis rosea how do you treat
Raised circular lesions on ventral abdomen - usually resolves on its own
What is another name for classical swine fever and which diseases is it closely related to
Hog cholera - an arterivirus like border disease and BVD
What is characteristic of swine influenza
Quick spread over 50% through the population - spreads quick due to the great diversity in the virus due to antigenic shift
How can you differentiate between pneumonia caused by swine influenza versus mycoplasma hypopremoniae
Swine influenza generally acute and rapid spread, M hypopneumoniae more chronic
How can African swine fever be transmitted
Direct contact or through species of soft tick
What is classical swine fever labelled as in the US
Reportable foreign animal disease
When are you most likely to see cases of rectal prolapse
Mostly growing /weaning pigs. (8-20 weeks ) and sows
What will a rectal prolapse offer look like in grower pigs? Why should it be treated like an emergency
Red (vascular mucosa), can be swollen and fluid filled - prone to damage, hemorrhage and cannibalism
What is a possible sequelae to rectal prolapse in sows and Grower pigs
Rectal stricture
What predisposes sows to rectal prolapse
Sex hormone levels after estrus , tail docking that damages nerve supply to anal ring
What predisposes growing pigs to rectal prolapse
Colitis, straining with diarrhea, excessive laughing old weather, dense diet with excess starch
Can you breed pigs with a history of rectal prolapses
Yes - not believed to be genetic
What is the treatment of choice for porcine rectal prolapses
Manual replacement and retaining with sutures - reduce with manual pressure - may have to suture and amputate if it can’t be manually reduced
What is the risk of amputating a rectal prolapse in growers / sows
Amputation increases risk of rectal stricture
What is used medically to treat rectal prolapse in pigs
Long acting penicillin post op , chlortetrscycline (ctc) in feed to decrease gas production in the large bowel
A piglet that is 3 days old develops yellow watery diarinea that turns bloody, it then acutely dies - what is your top differential
Clostridium perfringens type C
A 4 day old piglet develops bloody diarrhea and over a few days more piglets become infected - these piguts to seen to recover after antibiotic/ antitoxin treatment is given - what is your top differential
Clostridium perfringens type A - high morbidity and low mortality
What can be done to help prevent clostridium perfringers type A and C from causing disease in piglets
Vaccinate sows prior to birth then give piglets antitoxin / prophylactic antibiotics at birth
A piglet one day old develops profuse watery yellow diarrhea - what is your top differential
Clostridium difficile
When are you most likely to see clostridium perfingens type A and C infections in piglets
1-7 days old
A 12 day old piglet presents with yellow watery diarrhea with a fetid odor and tail necrosis - what is your top differential
E. Coli - enteric colibacillolis
When are pigs most likely to be infected with rotavirus infection
1-5 weeks old but can happen at any time
A 3 week old piglet present with gray feces filled with partially digested food - what is your top differential
Rotavirus
A year old pig begins vomiting, then starts having diarrhea where curds of indigested milk is seen - what is your top differential
Transmissible gastroenteritis - coronavirus
A 5 day old piglet became have diarrhea with indigested milk present, then died acutely along with 5 other piglets showing similar signs - what is your top differential
Transmissible gastroenteritis
What ages could be affected by transmissible gastroenteritis
All ages
What is the most common causative agent of intestinal coccidiosis in pigs and what age is usually affected
5-7 days most (up to 15 days old) - isospora suis most common, eimeria another potential cause
A 6 day old piglet presents with white diarrhea with a fetid odor, while other piglets in the same farrowing pen have sheep like pelleted feces - what is your top differential
Intestinal coccidiosis most likely due to isospora suis
How can you diagnose intestinal coccidiosis in piglets
Observe oocysts in feces or parasite in intestinal lesions on necropsy
How can you treat/prevent intestinal coccidiosis due to isospora suis in piglets
Prevent through fece removal in farrowing facilities - treat with sulfamethazine or ponazuril
A weaned pig presents with hemorrhagic diarrhea and passes fibronecrotic casts - what is your top differential
Lawsonia intracellularis causing proliferative enteritis in pigs over 25 kg
What will you see on necropsy of a pig y infected with proliferative enteritis
Thickening of the intestinal mucosa with a fiberonecrotic membrane
What is the causative agent of proliferative enteritis in pigs
Lawsonia intracellularis
What is the causative agent of swine dysentery
Brachyspira hydrodysenteriae
A finished pig presents with mucoid diarrhea containing fleck’s of Frank blood - what is your top differential
Shine desentery/ brachyspira hyodysenteriae
What would you see on pathology of a pig infected with swine dysentery
Mucosa of the large intestine lowered by a gray mucous layer or a yellow necrotic debris
What is the causative agent of whipworm, in pigs
Trichuris suis
What is the Katie agent of roundworms in pigs
Ascaris suum
How do whipworms cause disease in pigs and when do they usually
Worms live in colon and Li , cause irritation to intestines and hemorrhagic diavivea
How do round worms cause infection in pigs
In cause intestinal obstruction before migrating to bile ducts and the liver
If you see white spots on the subcapsule of the liver of a deceased 4 month old pig, what is your top differential
Ascaris suum- Roundworm
What clinical signs might you see in a pig with a randhorm infection
Pulmonary signs like pneumonia due to lung migration and thumps
What is thumps in pigs and what can cause it in finished pigs
Abdominal breathing - roundworm infection ascaris sum)
If there is in endemic of rectal strictures in a group of 4 month old pigs - what is your top differential
Salmonella
What will you see in young pigs with salmonella infections
Generalized septicemia
What are you likely to see in a 4 month old pig infected with salmonella
Fever, yellow liquid diarrhea I heck’s of necrotic debris
How do you diagnose salmonella infections in older pigs (4 months or more)
Fecal culture or culture of mesenteic lymph nodes
What is the causative agent of pseudorabies ? What are other names
Porcine herpesvirus 1 - aujeskys disease
You suspect n case of pseudorabies in a pig - what do you do
Report it! It is a reportable disease
What are the most common clinical signs for pseudorabies
Late term abortions, stillbirths, abortion Storms, encephalitis in young pigs, high mortality in piglets casing shaker pigs
How is pseudorabies trmitted
Inhalation mostly
What age group of pigs is most affected by pseudorabies
Piglets - 100% mortality
Describe clinical signs of pseudorabies in weanlings
Extreme pyrexia, pneumonia, tremors , low mortality
Describe clinical signs of pseudorabies in weanlings
Extreme pyrexia, pneumonia, tremors , low mortality
How do you diagnose pseudotrabiees
Cowdy inclusion bodies, perivacular cuffing in the brain, encephalitis , cerebral edema
How do you diagnose pseudotrabiees
Cowdy inclusion bodies, perivacular cuffing in the brain, encephalitis , cerebral edema
What is the causative agent of greasy pig disease / exudative epidemitis
Staphylococcus hyicus
Who is most affected by greasy pig disease
Yang pigs 5 - 60 days old
How does Staph hyicus cause greasy pig disease
Produces exfoliative toxin that can’t penetrate through intact skin alone so requires concurrent skin disease or abrasions - leading to reddened skin and greasy exudate
What clinical signs can you see with greasy pig disease / exudative epidemitis
Thickened red spotted skin, vesicles or pustules around eyes, lips, nose, exudation of serum , erosions of coronary band and heel, crusted exudates over whole body
How can you treat grease pig disease exudative epidermitis
Beta lactams, aminoglycosides, TMS
Describe what infection with glassers disease (hemophilia parasites) on look like
Painful joints, pneumonia, neurologic signs, sudden death
Describe what infection with glassers disease (hemophilia parasites) on look like
Painful joints, pneumonia, neurologic signs, sudden death
What group of pigs is most often affected by glasses disease
2 weeks to 4 months old
What group of pigs is most often affected by glasses disease
2 weeks to 4 months old
Intestinal salmonellosis can cause secondary -
Rectal strictures
How can you treat swine pox
Don’t usually need to - will go away, can give broad spectrum antibiotics if secondary bacterial infections develop
How can you treat swine pox
Don’t usually need to - will go away, can give broad spectrum antibiotics if secondary bacterial infections develop
Mycoplasma suis is associated with - while mycoplasma - is associated with pneumonia
Suis - anemia
Hypopneumonaie - pneumonia
What is the causative agent of coccidiosis in pigs
Isospora suis
What is the causative agent of coccidiosis in pigs
Isospora suis
What is the causative agent of ileitis in piglets
Lawsonia intracellularis
What would you expect to see in cases of lawsonia intracellularis causing ileitis in piglets
Diarrhea, wasting, thickened intestines on necropsy
What would you expect to see in cases of lawsonia intracellularis causing ileitis in piglets
Diarrhea, wasting, thickened intestines on necropsy
A prolonged heat cycle leading to fertility problems lead you to suspect
High estrogen - likely cystic ovarian disease
What is the most common cause of cystic ovaries in swine
Zearolonenone mycotoxins in feed
Pseudorabies is caused by a-
Herpesvirus
Describe actinopacillus pleuropreumoniae (app) - how can you treat it
Produces exotoxins that cause death quickly, respiratory disease leading to severe congestion - inject all pigs in herd with enrofloxacin (or ceftiofur, flurfenicol, etc ) , resistance to penicillin
Describe what an our with infection of erysipelothrix rhoiopathiae
3 forms of direct - sudden death with no signs, clinical disease ( fever, painful joints, diamond shaped lesions), or chronic form with joint arthritis and fusion
Where are ascaris suum worms found
Small intestine
Where are ascaris suum worms found
Small intestine
How do ascaris suum (small intestine roundworms) cause disease
Can came intestinal obstruction, migrate through the liver and bile ducts causing blockage, fibrosis , etc - can also case pulmonary edema and abnormal breathing
What clinical signs can yer see with pleuropneumonia in young pigs
Respiratory distress, open mouth breathing, frothy pink oral and nasal discharge, febrile
What is the causative agent of pleuropneumonia in pigs - describe it
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae - gram negative coccobacillus
When are you most likely to see cases of atrophic rhinitis
In pigs 3-8 weeks old
What clinical signs of aujeskys disease can you see in piglets in non immune herds
Pseudorabies - ataxia, listlessness, nystagmus, seizures, hypersalivation, trembling, high mortality rate
Where in the US are you most likely to see cases of aujeskys disease
Pseudosbies - hopefully nowhere, indicated in the US but still present in south America, Europe and Asia
Where in the US are you most likely to see cases of aujeskys disease
Pseudosbies - hopefully nowhere, indicated in the US but still present in south America, Europe and Asia
What are your top two differentials for sudden death in an apparently healthy pig - with diffusely enlarged and hemorrhagic intestines on recopsy - how can you differentiate
Acute ileitis or hemorrhagic bowel syndrome / intestinal volvulus - acute ileitis will have clothed blood, HBS won’t
What are your top two differentials for sudden death in an apparently healthy pig - with diffusely enlarged and hemorrhagic intestines on recopsy - how can you differentiate
Acute ileitis or hemorrhagic bowel syndrome / intestinal volvulus - acute ileitis will have clothed blood, HBS won’t
You determine the cause of death in a pig to be acute ileitis - what do you do
Treat the herd with tylosin
You determine the cause of death in a pig to be acute ileitis - what do you do
Treat the herd with tylosin
What disease is characterized by a dry cough and retarded / stunted growth in pigs
Enzootic pneumonia or mycoplasma pneumonia
How can you treat a clostridium tetanus infection in piglet
Penicillin, antitoxin, muscle relaxants, vaccination with tetanus toxoid then boostered again in 4 weeks
How can you treat a clostridium tetanus infection in piglet
Penicillin, antitoxin, muscle relaxants, vaccination with tetanus toxoid then boostered again in 4 weeks
What is your top differential for healthy looking sows aborting late in gestation
Brucellosis - most likely from wild boar exposure
What is your top differential for healthy looking sows aborting late in gestation
Brucellosis - most likely from wild boar exposure
When will you usually see abortions with porcine parvovirus infection
Doesn’t usually cause abortion - more likely to see an early return to heat of finding mummified fetuses at birth
You treat coccidiosis cased by isospora canis with
Ponazuril
Why do piglets receive an iron injection at birth
Sows milk low in iron, not enough to maintain adequate hydration
Why do piglets receive an iron injection at birth
Sows milk low in iron, not enough to maintain adequate hydration
F4 e coli causes diarrhea in which stage of swine
Pre and post weaning - other forms F5, F6, F41 cause diarrhea in pre weaning swine only
What clinical signs on you see with glassers disease - glasseurella paresuid
Polyarthritis, polyserositis, fever, pneumonia , fibrinopurulent inflammation, meningitis, convulsions
What clinical signs on you see with glassers disease - glasseurella paresuid
Polyarthritis, polyserositis, fever, pneumonia , fibrinopurulent inflammation, meningitis, convulsions
What is probably the most important thing to note about treating actinobacillus pleuropneumonia (app)
Need to test all members of herd quick - once clinical signs appear death occurs quickly (in a few hours)
What is probably the most important thing to note about treating actinobacillus pleuropneumonia (app)
Need to test all members of herd quick - once clinical signs appear death occurs quickly (in a few hours)
Earthworms can transmit what parasite to swine
Metastrongylus lungworms
Earthworms can transmit what parasite to swine
Metastrongylus lungworms
What is the best way to differentiate between reproductive problems from porcine parvovirus and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS)
PRRS usually causes abortions - parvovirus will not (both cause mummies and stillborn)
Your top 2 differentials for polyterositis are
Strep suis and glasserella parasuis
How should you heat an outbreak of glaesserella paresuis with rapid high mortality in month old piglets
Ceftiofur injections
Stephanurus dentatus is the - and diagnosed by
Kiddy worm of pigs - diagnosed by urinalysis
Necrotizing broncholitis is almost pathonpneumonic for
Swine influenza - especially paired with signs of pneumonia
Why would putting tetracyclines in water help treat swine influenza
Almost always complicated by secondary bacterial infections
Why would putting tetracyclines in water help treat swine influenza
Almost always complicated by secondary bacterial infections
What can cause hemorrhagic diarrhea in piglet-less than a week old , presenting as an outbreak with high mortality
Clostridium perfringens type C enteritis
What happens with infection of hog cholera and why
Virus affects stem cells in bone marrow, causing immune suppression and increased susceptibility to enteric bacterial infections - heads to sign like oral petechiation, paralysis, conjunctivitis, shivering, vomiting, fever, etc
What do you do if you suspect a case of hog cholera
Report! This disease is reportable and eradicated in the US
What is polyserositis
Inflammation and fluid accumulation of multiple serous membranes
What most commonly causes polyserositis in pigs
Strep suis and glasserella parasuis
What does polyserositis look like on necropsy
Moderate amount of fibrinous clear yellow exudate with fibrinous adhesions , especially in the abdominal cavity
How do you treat polyserositis caused by glasserella or strep suis
Inject all live pigs (showing clinical signs or not) with ceftiofur
What gram positive cocci bacteria an lead to valvular endocarditis in pigs
Streptococcus suis
How do you treat valvular endocarditis cased by streptococcus suis
Intramuscular penicillin - isolate affected pigs
What is the most common cause of stillbirths in pigs
PRRS - arterivirus
What are the 3 overlapping syndromes of prrs
Reproductive impairment or failure, respiratory disease, high preweaning mortality from diarrhea
Hog cholera is also called
Classical swine fever - togavirus
What clinical signs do you see with hog cholera/ classical swine fever
Systemic infection, abortions, oral ulceration and petechiation, paresis, fever, conjunctivitis
What clinical signs make you suspect African swine fever
Hemorrhage on skin of ears , inappetence and fever - petechial hemorrhage on internal organs
How is Africa swine fever transmitted
Soft ticks - carried by warthogs in Africa
What is another name for aujeskys disease
Pseudorabies / herpesvirus
What are the 3 disease processes of pseudorabies
Respiratory, reproductive and CNS - CNS in young pigs, respiratory and repro in older pigs
What is the treatment for pseudorabies
None - prevent with vaccines
What is the biggest indicator for parvovirus in pigs
Bred sows return to heat with unapparent infection in sows
Curved bacteria in enterocytes of pigs along with hemorrhagic diarrhea indicates
Lawsonia intracellularis - proliferative enteropathy
What age group is normally infected with swine dysentery - bloody diarrhea and death
Growers and finishers
What age group is most often infected with salmonella
Weaners and growers
What can cause both rectal strictures and button ulcers in the large intestine of pigs
Salmonella
What age group do you normally see diamond skin disease
Growers and finishers
What clinical signs can you see with erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
Sudden death, painful joints, diamond skin lesions, arthritis
What is the most common cause of diarrhea in nursing piglets less then 5 days old
Enteric colibacillosis caused by enterotoxigenic E. coli
Who is most often affected by edema disease in pigs, what is it and how does it usually present
Fatal direct of rapidly growing weaned pigs on a high protein and high energy diet - see swollen eyelids, dusprea, circling, subQ emphysema, death - caused by enterotoxigenic E. coli
How is brucellosis tasted in pigs
Venereal insmission and through aborted fetuses
What clinical signs do you see with strep suis - what age group is most affected
Nursing and weaned pigs - causes polyarthritis, bronchopneumonia, sepsis, meningitis
- Hernias are more common in female pigs while - hernias are heritable and common in males
Umbilical - females
Inguinal -males
What causes exudative epidermatitis / greasy pig disease in pigs less than 8 weeks old
Staph hyicus
How is swine pox transmitted - what age groups are most affected
Biting insects - especially lice, young and growing pigs most affected
How do you treat swine pox in young growing pigs
Not necessary, usually resolves
What causes enzootic pneumonia
Mycoplasma hypopneumonia
What clinical signs do you see with enzootic pneumonia
Persistent dry cough , retarded growth , fever - lung consolidation in cranioventral lungs
