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NAVLE > Swine > Flashcards

Swine Flashcards

1
Q

What disease in young /growing pigs cause 1-2 cm round pushes, resides and scabs on ventral abdomens

A

Swine pox

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2
Q

How is swine pox transmitted ? How is it treated?

A

Transmitted by biting insects like lice - usually du not need to treat unless a secondary infection occurs I then you could give broad spectrum antibiotics

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3
Q

What causative agent is associated with edema disease in swine (a neuro disease)

A

E. coli - f18 producing toxins

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4
Q

What is a key point to remember about edema disease in swine

A

A systemic disease - causes systemic vasculitis that can lead to edema , also can cause post weaning diarrhea

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5
Q

How does enterotoxogenic E. Coli affect weanling pigs

A

Causes edema disease by producing shiga toxin that des hous endothelial cells in small vessels leading to blood clots, hemorrhage, ischemic necrosis and edema in vital organs like the brain

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6
Q

A group of weaned pigs are anorexic, weak, circling have diarrhea and dyspnea, and they have edema of their eyelid forehead and lips, what is the top differential

A

Enterotoxegenic e. Coli causing edema disease

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7
Q

What is the causative agent of pleuropneumonia in pigs

A

Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia

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8
Q

What does fusobacterium necrophorum cause in pigs

A

Foot rot or necrotic rhinitis by entering oral or nasal mucosa through wounds

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9
Q

What is the best treatment for sarcastic mange in pigs

A

Avermectins

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10
Q

What is the causative agent of greasy pig disease

A

Staphylococcus hyicus - causes oxidative epidermitis

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11
Q

What clinical signs would you expect to see win greasy pig disease and which animals are generally infected

A

Piglets less than 8 weeks - see depression, anorexia, brown exudative spots on skin of heads, maxillae and groins, brown to black crusts

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12
Q

What is the morbidity and mortality like with greasy pig disease

A

High for young piglets

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13
Q

What lesions are typical for pityriasis rosea how do you treat

A

Raised circular lesions on ventral abdomen - usually resolves on its own

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14
Q

What is another name for classical swine fever and which diseases is it closely related to

A

Hog cholera - an arterivirus like border disease and BVD

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15
Q

What is characteristic of swine influenza

A

Quick spread over 50% through the population - spreads quick due to the great diversity in the virus due to antigenic shift

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16
Q

How can you differentiate between pneumonia caused by swine influenza versus mycoplasma hypopremoniae

A

Swine influenza generally acute and rapid spread, M hypopneumoniae more chronic

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17
Q

How can African swine fever be transmitted

A

Direct contact or through species of soft tick

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18
Q

What is classical swine fever labelled as in the US

A

Reportable foreign animal disease

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19
Q

When are you most likely to see cases of rectal prolapse

A

Mostly growing /weaning pigs. (8-20 weeks ) and sows

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20
Q

What will a rectal prolapse offer look like in grower pigs? Why should it be treated like an emergency

A

Red (vascular mucosa), can be swollen and fluid filled - prone to damage, hemorrhage and cannibalism

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21
Q

What is a possible sequelae to rectal prolapse in sows and Grower pigs

A

Rectal stricture

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22
Q

What predisposes sows to rectal prolapse

A

Sex hormone levels after estrus , tail docking that damages nerve supply to anal ring

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23
Q

What predisposes growing pigs to rectal prolapse

A

Colitis, straining with diarrhea, excessive laughing old weather, dense diet with excess starch

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24
Q

Can you breed pigs with a history of rectal prolapses

A

Yes - not believed to be genetic

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25
Q

What is the treatment of choice for porcine rectal prolapses

A

Manual replacement and retaining with sutures - reduce with manual pressure - may have to suture and amputate if it can’t be manually reduced

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26
Q

What is the risk of amputating a rectal prolapse in growers / sows

A

Amputation increases risk of rectal stricture

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27
Q

What is used medically to treat rectal prolapse in pigs

A

Long acting penicillin post op , chlortetrscycline (ctc) in feed to decrease gas production in the large bowel

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28
Q

A piglet that is 3 days old develops yellow watery diarinea that turns bloody, it then acutely dies - what is your top differential

A

Clostridium perfringens type C

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29
Q

A 4 day old piglet develops bloody diarrhea and over a few days more piglets become infected - these piguts to seen to recover after antibiotic/ antitoxin treatment is given - what is your top differential

A

Clostridium perfringens type A - high morbidity and low mortality

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30
Q

What can be done to help prevent clostridium perfringers type A and C from causing disease in piglets

A

Vaccinate sows prior to birth then give piglets antitoxin / prophylactic antibiotics at birth

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31
Q

A piglet one day old develops profuse watery yellow diarrhea - what is your top differential

A

Clostridium difficile

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32
Q

When are you most likely to see clostridium perfingens type A and C infections in piglets

A

1-7 days old

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33
Q

A 12 day old piglet presents with yellow watery diarrhea with a fetid odor and tail necrosis - what is your top differential

A

E. Coli - enteric colibacillolis

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34
Q

When are pigs most likely to be infected with rotavirus infection

A

1-5 weeks old but can happen at any time

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35
Q

A 3 week old piglet present with gray feces filled with partially digested food - what is your top differential

A

Rotavirus

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36
Q

A year old pig begins vomiting, then starts having diarrhea where curds of indigested milk is seen - what is your top differential

A

Transmissible gastroenteritis - coronavirus

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37
Q

A 5 day old piglet became have diarrhea with indigested milk present, then died acutely along with 5 other piglets showing similar signs - what is your top differential

A

Transmissible gastroenteritis

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38
Q

What ages could be affected by transmissible gastroenteritis

A

All ages

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39
Q

What is the most common causative agent of intestinal coccidiosis in pigs and what age is usually affected

A

5-7 days most (up to 15 days old) - isospora suis most common, eimeria another potential cause

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40
Q

A 6 day old piglet presents with white diarrhea with a fetid odor, while other piglets in the same farrowing pen have sheep like pelleted feces - what is your top differential

A

Intestinal coccidiosis most likely due to isospora suis

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41
Q

How can you diagnose intestinal coccidiosis in piglets

A

Observe oocysts in feces or parasite in intestinal lesions on necropsy

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42
Q

How can you treat/prevent intestinal coccidiosis due to isospora suis in piglets

A

Prevent through fece removal in farrowing facilities - treat with sulfamethazine or ponazuril

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43
Q

A weaned pig presents with hemorrhagic diarrhea and passes fibronecrotic casts - what is your top differential

A

Lawsonia intracellularis causing proliferative enteritis in pigs over 25 kg

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44
Q

What will you see on necropsy of a pig y infected with proliferative enteritis

A

Thickening of the intestinal mucosa with a fiberonecrotic membrane

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45
Q

What is the causative agent of proliferative enteritis in pigs

A

Lawsonia intracellularis

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46
Q

What is the causative agent of swine dysentery

A

Brachyspira hydrodysenteriae

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47
Q

A finished pig presents with mucoid diarrhea containing fleck’s of Frank blood - what is your top differential

A

Shine desentery/ brachyspira hyodysenteriae

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48
Q

What would you see on pathology of a pig infected with swine dysentery

A

Mucosa of the large intestine lowered by a gray mucous layer or a yellow necrotic debris

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49
Q

What is the causative agent of whipworm, in pigs

A

Trichuris suis

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50
Q

What is the Katie agent of roundworms in pigs

A

Ascaris suum

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51
Q

How do whipworms cause disease in pigs and when do they usually

A

Worms live in colon and Li , cause irritation to intestines and hemorrhagic diavivea

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52
Q

How do round worms cause infection in pigs

A

In cause intestinal obstruction before migrating to bile ducts and the liver

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53
Q

If you see white spots on the subcapsule of the liver of a deceased 4 month old pig, what is your top differential

A

Ascaris suum- Roundworm

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54
Q

What clinical signs might you see in a pig with a randhorm infection

A

Pulmonary signs like pneumonia due to lung migration and thumps

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55
Q

What is thumps in pigs and what can cause it in finished pigs

A

Abdominal breathing - roundworm infection ascaris sum)

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56
Q

If there is in endemic of rectal strictures in a group of 4 month old pigs - what is your top differential

A

Salmonella

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57
Q

What will you see in young pigs with salmonella infections

A

Generalized septicemia

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58
Q

What are you likely to see in a 4 month old pig infected with salmonella

A

Fever, yellow liquid diarrhea I heck’s of necrotic debris

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59
Q

How do you diagnose salmonella infections in older pigs (4 months or more)

A

Fecal culture or culture of mesenteic lymph nodes

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60
Q

What is the causative agent of pseudorabies ? What are other names

A

Porcine herpesvirus 1 - aujeskys disease

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61
Q

You suspect n case of pseudorabies in a pig - what do you do

A

Report it! It is a reportable disease

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62
Q

What are the most common clinical signs for pseudorabies

A

Late term abortions, stillbirths, abortion Storms, encephalitis in young pigs, high mortality in piglets casing shaker pigs

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63
Q

How is pseudorabies trmitted

A

Inhalation mostly

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64
Q

What age group of pigs is most affected by pseudorabies

A

Piglets - 100% mortality

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65
Q

Describe clinical signs of pseudorabies in weanlings

A

Extreme pyrexia, pneumonia, tremors , low mortality

66
Q

Describe clinical signs of pseudorabies in weanlings

A

Extreme pyrexia, pneumonia, tremors , low mortality

67
Q

How do you diagnose pseudotrabiees

A

Cowdy inclusion bodies, perivacular cuffing in the brain, encephalitis , cerebral edema

68
Q

How do you diagnose pseudotrabiees

A

Cowdy inclusion bodies, perivacular cuffing in the brain, encephalitis , cerebral edema

69
Q

What is the causative agent of greasy pig disease / exudative epidemitis

A

Staphylococcus hyicus

70
Q

Who is most affected by greasy pig disease

A

Yang pigs 5 - 60 days old

71
Q

How does Staph hyicus cause greasy pig disease

A

Produces exfoliative toxin that can’t penetrate through intact skin alone so requires concurrent skin disease or abrasions - leading to reddened skin and greasy exudate

72
Q

What clinical signs can you see with greasy pig disease / exudative epidemitis

A

Thickened red spotted skin, vesicles or pustules around eyes, lips, nose, exudation of serum , erosions of coronary band and heel, crusted exudates over whole body

73
Q

How can you treat grease pig disease exudative epidermitis

A

Beta lactams, aminoglycosides, TMS

74
Q

Describe what infection with glassers disease (hemophilia parasites) on look like

A

Painful joints, pneumonia, neurologic signs, sudden death

75
Q

Describe what infection with glassers disease (hemophilia parasites) on look like

A

Painful joints, pneumonia, neurologic signs, sudden death

76
Q

What group of pigs is most often affected by glasses disease

A

2 weeks to 4 months old

77
Q

What group of pigs is most often affected by glasses disease

A

2 weeks to 4 months old

78
Q

Intestinal salmonellosis can cause secondary -

A

Rectal strictures

79
Q

How can you treat swine pox

A

Don’t usually need to - will go away, can give broad spectrum antibiotics if secondary bacterial infections develop

80
Q

How can you treat swine pox

A

Don’t usually need to - will go away, can give broad spectrum antibiotics if secondary bacterial infections develop

81
Q

Mycoplasma suis is associated with - while mycoplasma - is associated with pneumonia

A

Suis - anemia
Hypopneumonaie - pneumonia

82
Q

What is the causative agent of coccidiosis in pigs

A

Isospora suis

83
Q

What is the causative agent of coccidiosis in pigs

A

Isospora suis

84
Q

What is the causative agent of ileitis in piglets

A

Lawsonia intracellularis

85
Q

What would you expect to see in cases of lawsonia intracellularis causing ileitis in piglets

A

Diarrhea, wasting, thickened intestines on necropsy

86
Q

What would you expect to see in cases of lawsonia intracellularis causing ileitis in piglets

A

Diarrhea, wasting, thickened intestines on necropsy

87
Q

A prolonged heat cycle leading to fertility problems lead you to suspect

A

High estrogen - likely cystic ovarian disease

88
Q

What is the most common cause of cystic ovaries in swine

A

Zearolonenone mycotoxins in feed

89
Q

Pseudorabies is caused by a-

A

Herpesvirus

90
Q

Describe actinopacillus pleuropreumoniae (app) - how can you treat it

A

Produces exotoxins that cause death quickly, respiratory disease leading to severe congestion - inject all pigs in herd with enrofloxacin (or ceftiofur, flurfenicol, etc ) , resistance to penicillin

91
Q

Describe what an our with infection of erysipelothrix rhoiopathiae

A

3 forms of direct - sudden death with no signs, clinical disease ( fever, painful joints, diamond shaped lesions), or chronic form with joint arthritis and fusion

92
Q

Where are ascaris suum worms found

A

Small intestine

93
Q

Where are ascaris suum worms found

A

Small intestine

94
Q

How do ascaris suum (small intestine roundworms) cause disease

A

Can came intestinal obstruction, migrate through the liver and bile ducts causing blockage, fibrosis , etc - can also case pulmonary edema and abnormal breathing

95
Q

What clinical signs can yer see with pleuropneumonia in young pigs

A

Respiratory distress, open mouth breathing, frothy pink oral and nasal discharge, febrile

96
Q

What is the causative agent of pleuropneumonia in pigs - describe it

A

Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae - gram negative coccobacillus

97
Q

When are you most likely to see cases of atrophic rhinitis

A

In pigs 3-8 weeks old

98
Q

What clinical signs of aujeskys disease can you see in piglets in non immune herds

A

Pseudorabies - ataxia, listlessness, nystagmus, seizures, hypersalivation, trembling, high mortality rate

99
Q

Where in the US are you most likely to see cases of aujeskys disease

A

Pseudosbies - hopefully nowhere, indicated in the US but still present in south America, Europe and Asia

100
Q

Where in the US are you most likely to see cases of aujeskys disease

A

Pseudosbies - hopefully nowhere, indicated in the US but still present in south America, Europe and Asia

101
Q

What are your top two differentials for sudden death in an apparently healthy pig - with diffusely enlarged and hemorrhagic intestines on recopsy - how can you differentiate

A

Acute ileitis or hemorrhagic bowel syndrome / intestinal volvulus - acute ileitis will have clothed blood, HBS won’t

102
Q

What are your top two differentials for sudden death in an apparently healthy pig - with diffusely enlarged and hemorrhagic intestines on recopsy - how can you differentiate

A

Acute ileitis or hemorrhagic bowel syndrome / intestinal volvulus - acute ileitis will have clothed blood, HBS won’t

103
Q

You determine the cause of death in a pig to be acute ileitis - what do you do

A

Treat the herd with tylosin

104
Q

You determine the cause of death in a pig to be acute ileitis - what do you do

A

Treat the herd with tylosin

105
Q

What disease is characterized by a dry cough and retarded / stunted growth in pigs

A

Enzootic pneumonia or mycoplasma pneumonia

106
Q

How can you treat a clostridium tetanus infection in piglet

A

Penicillin, antitoxin, muscle relaxants, vaccination with tetanus toxoid then boostered again in 4 weeks

107
Q

How can you treat a clostridium tetanus infection in piglet

A

Penicillin, antitoxin, muscle relaxants, vaccination with tetanus toxoid then boostered again in 4 weeks

108
Q

What is your top differential for healthy looking sows aborting late in gestation

A

Brucellosis - most likely from wild boar exposure

109
Q

What is your top differential for healthy looking sows aborting late in gestation

A

Brucellosis - most likely from wild boar exposure

110
Q

When will you usually see abortions with porcine parvovirus infection

A

Doesn’t usually cause abortion - more likely to see an early return to heat of finding mummified fetuses at birth

111
Q

You treat coccidiosis cased by isospora canis with

A

Ponazuril

112
Q

Why do piglets receive an iron injection at birth

A

Sows milk low in iron, not enough to maintain adequate hydration

113
Q

Why do piglets receive an iron injection at birth

A

Sows milk low in iron, not enough to maintain adequate hydration

114
Q

F4 e coli causes diarrhea in which stage of swine

A

Pre and post weaning - other forms F5, F6, F41 cause diarrhea in pre weaning swine only

115
Q

What clinical signs on you see with glassers disease - glasseurella paresuid

A

Polyarthritis, polyserositis, fever, pneumonia , fibrinopurulent inflammation, meningitis, convulsions

116
Q

What clinical signs on you see with glassers disease - glasseurella paresuid

A

Polyarthritis, polyserositis, fever, pneumonia , fibrinopurulent inflammation, meningitis, convulsions

117
Q

What is probably the most important thing to note about treating actinobacillus pleuropneumonia (app)

A

Need to test all members of herd quick - once clinical signs appear death occurs quickly (in a few hours)

118
Q

What is probably the most important thing to note about treating actinobacillus pleuropneumonia (app)

A

Need to test all members of herd quick - once clinical signs appear death occurs quickly (in a few hours)

119
Q

Earthworms can transmit what parasite to swine

A

Metastrongylus lungworms

120
Q

Earthworms can transmit what parasite to swine

A

Metastrongylus lungworms

121
Q

What is the best way to differentiate between reproductive problems from porcine parvovirus and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS)

A

PRRS usually causes abortions - parvovirus will not (both cause mummies and stillborn)

122
Q

Your top 2 differentials for polyterositis are

A

Strep suis and glasserella parasuis

123
Q

How should you heat an outbreak of glaesserella paresuis with rapid high mortality in month old piglets

A

Ceftiofur injections

124
Q

Stephanurus dentatus is the - and diagnosed by

A

Kiddy worm of pigs - diagnosed by urinalysis

125
Q

Necrotizing broncholitis is almost pathonpneumonic for

A

Swine influenza - especially paired with signs of pneumonia

126
Q

Why would putting tetracyclines in water help treat swine influenza

A

Almost always complicated by secondary bacterial infections

127
Q

Why would putting tetracyclines in water help treat swine influenza

A

Almost always complicated by secondary bacterial infections

128
Q

What can cause hemorrhagic diarrhea in piglet-less than a week old , presenting as an outbreak with high mortality

A

Clostridium perfringens type C enteritis

129
Q

What happens with infection of hog cholera and why

A

Virus affects stem cells in bone marrow, causing immune suppression and increased susceptibility to enteric bacterial infections - heads to sign like oral petechiation, paralysis, conjunctivitis, shivering, vomiting, fever, etc

130
Q

What do you do if you suspect a case of hog cholera

A

Report! This disease is reportable and eradicated in the US

131
Q

What is polyserositis

A

Inflammation and fluid accumulation of multiple serous membranes

132
Q

What most commonly causes polyserositis in pigs

A

Strep suis and glasserella parasuis

133
Q

What does polyserositis look like on necropsy

A

Moderate amount of fibrinous clear yellow exudate with fibrinous adhesions , especially in the abdominal cavity

134
Q

How do you treat polyserositis caused by glasserella or strep suis

A

Inject all live pigs (showing clinical signs or not) with ceftiofur

135
Q

What gram positive cocci bacteria an lead to valvular endocarditis in pigs

A

Streptococcus suis

136
Q

How do you treat valvular endocarditis cased by streptococcus suis

A

Intramuscular penicillin - isolate affected pigs

137
Q

What is the most common cause of stillbirths in pigs

A

PRRS - arterivirus

138
Q

What are the 3 overlapping syndromes of prrs

A

Reproductive impairment or failure, respiratory disease, high preweaning mortality from diarrhea

139
Q

Hog cholera is also called

A

Classical swine fever - togavirus

140
Q

What clinical signs do you see with hog cholera/ classical swine fever

A

Systemic infection, abortions, oral ulceration and petechiation, paresis, fever, conjunctivitis

141
Q

What clinical signs make you suspect African swine fever

A

Hemorrhage on skin of ears , inappetence and fever - petechial hemorrhage on internal organs

142
Q

How is Africa swine fever transmitted

A

Soft ticks - carried by warthogs in Africa

143
Q

What is another name for aujeskys disease

A

Pseudorabies / herpesvirus

144
Q

What are the 3 disease processes of pseudorabies

A

Respiratory, reproductive and CNS - CNS in young pigs, respiratory and repro in older pigs

145
Q

What is the treatment for pseudorabies

A

None - prevent with vaccines

146
Q

What is the biggest indicator for parvovirus in pigs

A

Bred sows return to heat with unapparent infection in sows

147
Q

Curved bacteria in enterocytes of pigs along with hemorrhagic diarrhea indicates

A

Lawsonia intracellularis - proliferative enteropathy

148
Q

What age group is normally infected with swine dysentery - bloody diarrhea and death

A

Growers and finishers

149
Q

What age group is most often infected with salmonella

A

Weaners and growers

150
Q

What can cause both rectal strictures and button ulcers in the large intestine of pigs

A

Salmonella

151
Q

What age group do you normally see diamond skin disease

A

Growers and finishers

152
Q

What clinical signs can you see with erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

A

Sudden death, painful joints, diamond skin lesions, arthritis

153
Q

What is the most common cause of diarrhea in nursing piglets less then 5 days old

A

Enteric colibacillosis caused by enterotoxigenic E. coli

154
Q

Who is most often affected by edema disease in pigs, what is it and how does it usually present

A

Fatal direct of rapidly growing weaned pigs on a high protein and high energy diet - see swollen eyelids, dusprea, circling, subQ emphysema, death - caused by enterotoxigenic E. coli

155
Q

How is brucellosis tasted in pigs

A

Venereal insmission and through aborted fetuses

156
Q

What clinical signs do you see with strep suis - what age group is most affected

A

Nursing and weaned pigs - causes polyarthritis, bronchopneumonia, sepsis, meningitis

157
Q
  • Hernias are more common in female pigs while - hernias are heritable and common in males
A

Umbilical - females
Inguinal -males

158
Q

What causes exudative epidermatitis / greasy pig disease in pigs less than 8 weeks old

A

Staph hyicus

159
Q

How is swine pox transmitted - what age groups are most affected

A

Biting insects - especially lice, young and growing pigs most affected

160
Q

How do you treat swine pox in young growing pigs

A

Not necessary, usually resolves

161
Q

What causes enzootic pneumonia

A

Mycoplasma hypopneumonia

162
Q

What clinical signs do you see with enzootic pneumonia

A

Persistent dry cough , retarded growth , fever - lung consolidation in cranioventral lungs

NAVLE (18 decks)

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