Reproduction Flashcards
Describe hormones during proestrus
Progesterone drops while estrogen rises
During what phase of the estrous cycle will you see vaginal bleeding, swollen vulva and starting makes but not letting them mount
Proestrus
Describe hormones during estrus
Progesterone at its lowest, estrogen at its highest
The LH surge occurs during which phase of estrous
Estrus - induces ovulation
Describe hormones during metestrus
Progesterone increases
Describe hormones during Diestrus - what does this predispose the animal to and why
High progesterone which can predispose to pyometra because progesterone inhibits leukocyte response to infection, suppresses myometial activity and promotes endometrial growth
Which species experience a true lactational anestrus - what does this man
Pigs and cats - means they won’t cycle until they are no longer lactating
How do you synchronize pigs
Batch wean at 3-4 weeks because they don’t ovulate while lactating - should see estrus in 4-6 days
Pigs are dependent on what source of progesterone during pregnancy
Ovarian source the entire time
List the number of teats the following species have - pig, dog, cat, cow, sheep and goat
Pig- 14, dog, 10, cat, cow 4, sheep and goat 2
What is the whitten / buck effect in sheep and goats
Introduce a new buck causes sheep and goats to ovulate at the same time
Sheep and goats are seasonally polyesters during - and - and breed during - days
Full and winter, breed during short days
Describe progesterone sources during pregnancy for sheep and goats
Initially from CL but the placenta takes over early on in pregnancy
Describe the source of progesterone during pregnancy in a cow
From the cl then augmented by placenta (need both)
AI is done intra- in the cow
Intrauterine
How long after partition do you consider the placenta to be retained in cow
12 hard - should pass in 2
When can you palpate uterine artery fremitus in cow
120 days
In a pregnant cow, what can you palpate at 30-35 days
Chorioallantoic membrane slip
When can you diagnose pregnancy in cows via ultersand
28 days
If you want to induce abortion in cows under 4 months pregnant what do you use and why
Prostaglandins only - from 0-4 months the cl is the only contributor of progesterone
If you want to induce abortion in a cow 4-8 months pregnant - what do you use and why
Prostagindins and Dexamethasone - at this time both the cl and placenta contribute to progesterone
If you want to induce abortion in a low on 8 months pregnant - what do you use and why
Prostaglandin only - placenta stopped contributing to progesterone and cl is the only one doing it now
Why can dexamethasone cause abortion
Mimics fetal rise in cortisol
What is the most effective way to start horses cycling again
Provide artificial light for 16 hours a day for 60 days prior to start of breeding in mid February (but naturally horses would breed in April or May)
Stage 3 of partuition in horses is
Passing the placenta
When can you diagnose pregnancy in horses via ultrasound
11- 14 days
What can you palpate at day 25 of a mares pregnancy
Chorionic vesicle - palpate then to diagnose pregnancy
How can you determine if a mare can carry a foal to term
Uterine biopsy - determines amount of fibrosis present in uterus, graded 1-3
How can you determine if a mare can carry a foal to term
Uterine biopsy - determines amount of fibrosis present in uterus, graded 1-3
Describe a pseudopregnancy in dogs
Rise in prolactin, decline in progesterone - causes mammary gland hyperplasia, nesting, lactation
Describe a pseudopregnancy in dogs
Rise in prolactin, decline in progesterone - causes mammary gland hyperplasia, nesting, lactation
What can you give if you suspect dystocia due to extended time between fetal expulsion
Oxytocin - stimulates uterine contraction
70 - 90% of mammary gland tumors in a cat are considered
Malignant and likely to metastasize
Spaying cats before what age decreases risk of developing mammary gland carcinoma
Before 6 months
