Respiration

Question 1

Excel saliva loss in cattle can cause - why?

Answer 1

Metabolic acidosis because cow saliva contains alot of bicarb

Question 2

What acid base status would a dehydrated calf have - what should you give

Answer 2

Metabolic acidosis - give IV fluids with bicarb

Question 3

Would you also see a metabolic acidosis in horses with saliva loss like you see in cattle

Answer 3

No-horse saliva contains a lot of chloride su would see a metabolic alkalosi

Question 4

A horse is sweating profusely - what would you expect his acid base status to be and why

Answer 4

Metabolic alkalosis because of the potassium and chloride loss, plus renal retention of bicarb

Question 5

What en cause a respiratory acidosis

Answer 5

Hypoventilation due to co2 (acid) buildup, pneumothorax (same reason),airway obstruction, abdominal distention - basically anything preventing adequate ventilation

Question 6

What are some causes of hypoxemia (low dissolved oxygen in the blood)

Answer 6

Hypoventilation , ventilation perfusion mismatch, shunt

Question 7

A low PCO2 is what

Answer 7

Respiratory alkalosis

Question 8

Low HCO3- - means

Answer 8

Metabolic acidosis

Question 9

A paco2 of less than 30 mmhg means the patient is

Answer 9

Hyperventilating

Question 10

A paco2 over 30 mmhg means the patient is

Answer 10

Hypoventilating

Question 11

Hypoventilation ultimately leads to what acid base status - why

Answer 11

Respiratory acidosis because of co2 buildup and co2 is an acid

Question 12

Cyanosis indicates - because-

Answer 12

Hypoxemia because mucus membranes are a measurement of oxygenation

Question 13

What ultimately is the most common cause of cardiac arrest

Answer 13

Systemic hypoxemia

Question 14

How do you calculate base deficit

Answer 14

Subtract patients hco3 concentration from normal which is 22-24

Question 15

How do you calculate correction of base deficit

Answer 15

0.3 multiplied by body weight, multiplied by base deficit - to get the amount of sodium bicarb needed to correct deficit

Question 16

How do you calculate correction of base deficit

Answer 16

0.3 multiplied by body weight, multiplied by base deficit - to get the amount of sodium bicarb needed to correct deficit

Question 17

Stertor comes from - while stridor comes from the -

Answer 17

Starter - nasal passages
Stridor - larynx

Question 18

When lungs collapse, free air moves

Answer 18

Dorsally

Question 19

What ave some causes of a pneumothorax

Answer 19

Trauma, ruptured bullae, migrating foxtails ,damaged lungs

Question 20

What ave some causes of a pneumothorax

Answer 20

Trauma, ruptured bullae, migrating foxtails ,damaged lungs

Question 21

What would you ascultate with cases of aspiration pneumonia? What do you see on radiographs

Answer 21

Harsh crackles and lung sounds cranioventally - see alveolar pattern in right a middle lung lobes

Question 22

What are some causes of atelectasis (incomplete expansion of lung)

Answer 22

Prolonged recumbency, inhalation anesthesia, decreased pulmonary surfactant in newborns

Question 23

What is neurogenic pulmonary edema

Answer 23

Rapid onset of pulmonary distress after CNS insult

Question 24

What are some causes of neurogenic pulmonary edema

Answer 24

Head trauma, seizures, electrocution, upper airway obstruction

Question 25

What are some causes of neurogenic pulmonary edema

Answer 25

Head trauma, seizures, electrocution, upper airway obstruction

Question 26

What distribution would you see with neurogenic pulmonary edema

Answer 26

Caudodorsal

Question 27

How would you treat a lung lobe torsion - what does this require medically

Answer 27

Lung lobectomy - use a nondepoloizing neuromuscular blocker agent (pancuronium) or succinylcholine became the dog reeds post completely still

Question 28

What can happen with carbon monoxide inhalation

Answer 28

Carboxy hemoglobin is formed which binds hemoglobin, reducing o2 carrying capacity of RBCs leading to tissue hypoxia

Question 29

What can happen with carbon monoxide inhalation

Answer 29

Carboxy hemoglobin is formed which binds hemoglobin, reducing o2 carrying capacity of RBCs leading to tissue hypoxia