Respiration Flashcards
Excel saliva loss in cattle can cause - why?
Metabolic acidosis because cow saliva contains alot of bicarb
What acid base status would a dehydrated calf have - what should you give
Metabolic acidosis - give IV fluids with bicarb
Would you also see a metabolic acidosis in horses with saliva loss like you see in cattle
No-horse saliva contains a lot of chloride su would see a metabolic alkalosi
A horse is sweating profusely - what would you expect his acid base status to be and why
Metabolic alkalosis because of the potassium and chloride loss, plus renal retention of bicarb
What en cause a respiratory acidosis
Hypoventilation due to co2 (acid) buildup, pneumothorax (same reason),airway obstruction, abdominal distention - basically anything preventing adequate ventilation
What are some causes of hypoxemia (low dissolved oxygen in the blood)
Hypoventilation , ventilation perfusion mismatch, shunt
A low PCO2 is what
Respiratory alkalosis
Low HCO3- - means
Metabolic acidosis
A paco2 of less than 30 mmhg means the patient is
Hyperventilating
A paco2 over 30 mmhg means the patient is
Hypoventilating
Hypoventilation ultimately leads to what acid base status - why
Respiratory acidosis because of co2 buildup and co2 is an acid
Cyanosis indicates - because-
Hypoxemia because mucus membranes are a measurement of oxygenation
What ultimately is the most common cause of cardiac arrest
Systemic hypoxemia
How do you calculate base deficit
Subtract patients hco3 concentration from normal which is 22-24
How do you calculate correction of base deficit
0.3 multiplied by body weight, multiplied by base deficit - to get the amount of sodium bicarb needed to correct deficit
How do you calculate correction of base deficit
0.3 multiplied by body weight, multiplied by base deficit - to get the amount of sodium bicarb needed to correct deficit
Stertor comes from - while stridor comes from the -
Starter - nasal passages
Stridor - larynx
When lungs collapse, free air moves
Dorsally
What ave some causes of a pneumothorax
Trauma, ruptured bullae, migrating foxtails ,damaged lungs
What ave some causes of a pneumothorax
Trauma, ruptured bullae, migrating foxtails ,damaged lungs
What would you ascultate with cases of aspiration pneumonia? What do you see on radiographs
Harsh crackles and lung sounds cranioventally - see alveolar pattern in right a middle lung lobes
What are some causes of atelectasis (incomplete expansion of lung)
Prolonged recumbency, inhalation anesthesia, decreased pulmonary surfactant in newborns
What is neurogenic pulmonary edema
Rapid onset of pulmonary distress after CNS insult
What are some causes of neurogenic pulmonary edema
Head trauma, seizures, electrocution, upper airway obstruction
What are some causes of neurogenic pulmonary edema
Head trauma, seizures, electrocution, upper airway obstruction
What distribution would you see with neurogenic pulmonary edema
Caudodorsal
How would you treat a lung lobe torsion - what does this require medically
Lung lobectomy - use a nondepoloizing neuromuscular blocker agent (pancuronium) or succinylcholine became the dog reeds post completely still
What can happen with carbon monoxide inhalation
Carboxy hemoglobin is formed which binds hemoglobin, reducing o2 carrying capacity of RBCs leading to tissue hypoxia
What can happen with carbon monoxide inhalation
Carboxy hemoglobin is formed which binds hemoglobin, reducing o2 carrying capacity of RBCs leading to tissue hypoxia
