Exotics Flashcards
What can not be used to treat A nematode infection in turtles
Ivermectin - it is highly toxic and causes paresis, paralysis and death
What is cnemidocoptes pilae
A mite in birds that can cause scaly leg and a proliferative honeycomb beak - treat with topical or oral ivermectin
What signs would you expect in a bird with avian pox
Skin lesions, diptheric membrane (tough gray members made of dead cells, bacteria, etc) or septicemia
What lesions wold you expect in a bird infected with mycobacterium avium
Granulomatous disease in the liver or git
What does chlamydophilia psittaci cause in birds
Psittacosis, lethargy, respiratory and GI signs
What is psittacosis (parrot fever)
Lung infection cased by chlamydia psittaci
What is far top differential in a mouse showing dyspnea , chattering, and weight loss
Sendai vins casing preemania - infection subclinical in rats and hamsters
Where should intraosseous catheters be placed in birds
Ulna or tibiotarsus
Why can you not use the humerus or tenor for io catheters in birds
They are pneumatized and fluids in aromatic bones lead to drowning
What card cause hepatic lipidosis in birds and what signs would you see
High fat diets with oils - heavy birds in respiratory distress
What is a xanthoma
Friable yellow fatty tissue accumulation
What are signs of hypovitaminosis A in birds
Squamous metaplasia of the mucus membranes and submandibular abscessation
Why does gout occur
When uric acid crystallizes forming urate crystals - Olivers when there is an inability to excrete uric acid or an over production of uric acid
What is Leuprolide and what is it used for in birds
Gonadotropin releasing hormone (gnrh) analog - shuts down reproductive hormones in the bird to stop production of eggs (ovulation) - treats chronic egg laying leading to disease
What is a synasacrum
Fused lumbosacral region in birds
What sort of clinical signs would you see with aspergillosis infections
Respiratory signs
Do birds have neutrophils
No - they have heterophils same function
How many air sacs do birds have
9
How much of a birds blood can you safely take
1%% of BW
What is the causative agent of avian tuberculosis
Mycobacterium avium
What can and can’t be used to treat whip worm infections in carrels
Can use panacur, ivermectin is not effective
What drugs should you not give to reptile in the caudal half of their body and why
Aminoglycosides like gentamicin - reprices have the renal portal system and aminoglycosides can be nephrotoxic
Can you give birds gentamicin
No - toxic
What usually causes goiter in budgies
Dietary deficiency in iodine
How do you normally treat berserk male syndrome / aberrant behavior syndrome in camelids
No treatment - usually euthanized
What is choanal atresia and who is mostly affected
Alpacas mostly - congenital disease causing an opening between nasal and pharyngeal area blocked by membranes or bony tissue
What clinical signs can you see with choanal atresia
Difficulty breathing, nursing , open main breathing, nostril flare, weakness, cyanosis - may also present with other congenital isles like angular limb deformities
A cria presents with his rostral muzzle rotated 90 degrees - what is this called
Wry face
Should you breed camelids with a history of choanal atresia and wry face
No -genetic components
Discuss the pathogenesis of meningeal worm
White tailed deer are infected , worms reside in the brain and larvae are passed in the feces where snails or slugs become infected which are then ingested by camelids where the kruse migrate to spinal cord then brain
What clinical signs can you see with meningeal worn infection in camelids
Hind end paresis progressing to front end, recumbency, paralysis,ataxia, hypermetria
How do you diagnose meningeal worm in camelids
Eosinophilia on a CSF tap
How do you treat meningeal worm in camelids
Ivermectin to deworm
When will a fetus became persistently infected if infected by BVD - bovine viral diarrhea virus
If infected at 60-100 days
What virus that infects camelids can lead to persistently infected crias who are a continuous source of shedding
Bovine viral diarrhea virus
What clinical signs are present in camelids infected with BVDV
Adults - lethargic , stillbirths, abortions
Crias- congenital defects, poor growth, pneumonia, diarinea
How do you diagnose BVDV
Nasal pcr or serology titers
When are you most likely to see cases of vitamin D deficiency in camelido
Winter/low light times - in crias or young growing animals born to vitamin D deficient dams
What clinical signs can you see with vitamin D deficiency in crias
Angular limb deformity I gait abnormalities, hunched back posture , poor growth, unthriftiness
How can you diagnose vitamin D deficiency in crias
Will see grown plate widening and failure of ossification
What is the name of the blood parasite that infects camelids - describe it
Mycoplasma haemolamae - parasite attaches to erythrocytes and causes anemia
What is the name of the blood parasite that infects camelids - describe it
Mycoplasma haemolamae - parasite attaches to erythrocytes and causes anemia
What clinical signs would you see with mycoplasma haemolamae
Most asymptomatic or subdinical - might see weight loss, will see severe signs or death it a concurrent disease or immune sustain suppression
How do you diagnose mycoplasma haemolamae
Can see the parasite on a blood smear or PCR
What is the most common cause of anemia in camelids
Haemonchus contortus - barber pole worm
What is the biggest thing to remember when it comes to h, contortus infections
Anthelmintic resistance is common
What are the clinal signs you’d see with H. Contortus infections
Severe anemia - PCV less than 10% , weakness, anorexia
Describe eimeria macusaniensis
Large coccidia with thick walled cysts making it very hardy and persist in the environment
Describe eimeria macusaniensis
Large coccidia with thick walled cysts making it very hardy and persist in the environment
Describe clinical signs of eimeria macusaniesis
True diarrhea in crias, weight loss , gastroenteritis, hypoproteinemia leading to electrolyte abnormalities and things like edema, organ dysfunction
How many parasites do you need to with eimeria macusaniesis to cause disease
Small amount of parasites cause disease so animal can die showing signs
Describe clinical signs of camelids infected with chorioptes mites
Legs, axial, inguinal, ears, face affected with alopecia, severe crusting, licherification
What is the causative agent of snuffles in rabbits - what type of pathogen is it
Pasteurella Multocida - respiratory pathogen
What is the causative agent of snuffles in rabbits - what type of pathogen is it
Pasteurella Multocida - respiratory pathogen
What can ivermectin cause in turtles
Paresis, paralysis and death
What can ivermectin cause in turtles
Paresis, paralysis and death
Describe common antibiotic therapy in rodents like hamsters and guinea pigs and why it is that way
Mostly just use enrofloxacin, TMS, chloramphenicol because many other antibiotics like streptomycin and penicillin cause enterotoxemia and disruption of gut normal flora