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NAVLE > Exotics > Flashcards

Exotics Flashcards

1
Q

What can not be used to treat A nematode infection in turtles

A

Ivermectin - it is highly toxic and causes paresis, paralysis and death

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2
Q

What is cnemidocoptes pilae

A

A mite in birds that can cause scaly leg and a proliferative honeycomb beak - treat with topical or oral ivermectin

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3
Q

What signs would you expect in a bird with avian pox

A

Skin lesions, diptheric membrane (tough gray members made of dead cells, bacteria, etc) or septicemia

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4
Q

What lesions wold you expect in a bird infected with mycobacterium avium

A

Granulomatous disease in the liver or git

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5
Q

What does chlamydophilia psittaci cause in birds

A

Psittacosis, lethargy, respiratory and GI signs

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6
Q

What is psittacosis (parrot fever)

A

Lung infection cased by chlamydia psittaci

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7
Q

What is far top differential in a mouse showing dyspnea , chattering, and weight loss

A

Sendai vins casing preemania - infection subclinical in rats and hamsters

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8
Q

Where should intraosseous catheters be placed in birds

A

Ulna or tibiotarsus

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9
Q

Why can you not use the humerus or tenor for io catheters in birds

A

They are pneumatized and fluids in aromatic bones lead to drowning

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10
Q

What card cause hepatic lipidosis in birds and what signs would you see

A

High fat diets with oils - heavy birds in respiratory distress

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11
Q

What is a xanthoma

A

Friable yellow fatty tissue accumulation

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12
Q

What are signs of hypovitaminosis A in birds

A

Squamous metaplasia of the mucus membranes and submandibular abscessation

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13
Q

Why does gout occur

A

When uric acid crystallizes forming urate crystals - Olivers when there is an inability to excrete uric acid or an over production of uric acid

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14
Q

What is Leuprolide and what is it used for in birds

A

Gonadotropin releasing hormone (gnrh) analog - shuts down reproductive hormones in the bird to stop production of eggs (ovulation) - treats chronic egg laying leading to disease

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15
Q

What is a synasacrum

A

Fused lumbosacral region in birds

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16
Q

What sort of clinical signs would you see with aspergillosis infections

A

Respiratory signs

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17
Q

Do birds have neutrophils

A

No - they have heterophils same function

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18
Q

How many air sacs do birds have

A

9

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19
Q

How much of a birds blood can you safely take

A

1%% of BW

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20
Q

What is the causative agent of avian tuberculosis

A

Mycobacterium avium

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21
Q

What can and can’t be used to treat whip worm infections in carrels

A

Can use panacur, ivermectin is not effective

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22
Q

What drugs should you not give to reptile in the caudal half of their body and why

A

Aminoglycosides like gentamicin - reprices have the renal portal system and aminoglycosides can be nephrotoxic

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23
Q

Can you give birds gentamicin

A

No - toxic

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24
Q

What usually causes goiter in budgies

A

Dietary deficiency in iodine

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25
Q

How do you normally treat berserk male syndrome / aberrant behavior syndrome in camelids

A

No treatment - usually euthanized

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26
Q

What is choanal atresia and who is mostly affected

A

Alpacas mostly - congenital disease causing an opening between nasal and pharyngeal area blocked by membranes or bony tissue

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27
Q

What clinical signs can you see with choanal atresia

A

Difficulty breathing, nursing , open main breathing, nostril flare, weakness, cyanosis - may also present with other congenital isles like angular limb deformities

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28
Q

A cria presents with his rostral muzzle rotated 90 degrees - what is this called

A

Wry face

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29
Q

Should you breed camelids with a history of choanal atresia and wry face

A

No -genetic components

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30
Q

Discuss the pathogenesis of meningeal worm

A

White tailed deer are infected , worms reside in the brain and larvae are passed in the feces where snails or slugs become infected which are then ingested by camelids where the kruse migrate to spinal cord then brain

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31
Q

What clinical signs can you see with meningeal worn infection in camelids

A

Hind end paresis progressing to front end, recumbency, paralysis,ataxia, hypermetria

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32
Q

How do you diagnose meningeal worm in camelids

A

Eosinophilia on a CSF tap

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33
Q

How do you treat meningeal worm in camelids

A

Ivermectin to deworm

34
Q

When will a fetus became persistently infected if infected by BVD - bovine viral diarrhea virus

A

If infected at 60-100 days

35
Q

What virus that infects camelids can lead to persistently infected crias who are a continuous source of shedding

A

Bovine viral diarrhea virus

36
Q

What clinical signs are present in camelids infected with BVDV

A

Adults - lethargic , stillbirths, abortions
Crias- congenital defects, poor growth, pneumonia, diarinea

37
Q

How do you diagnose BVDV

A

Nasal pcr or serology titers

38
Q

When are you most likely to see cases of vitamin D deficiency in camelido

A

Winter/low light times - in crias or young growing animals born to vitamin D deficient dams

39
Q

What clinical signs can you see with vitamin D deficiency in crias

A

Angular limb deformity I gait abnormalities, hunched back posture , poor growth, unthriftiness

40
Q

How can you diagnose vitamin D deficiency in crias

A

Will see grown plate widening and failure of ossification

41
Q

What is the name of the blood parasite that infects camelids - describe it

A

Mycoplasma haemolamae - parasite attaches to erythrocytes and causes anemia

42
Q

What is the name of the blood parasite that infects camelids - describe it

A

Mycoplasma haemolamae - parasite attaches to erythrocytes and causes anemia

43
Q

What clinical signs would you see with mycoplasma haemolamae

A

Most asymptomatic or subdinical - might see weight loss, will see severe signs or death it a concurrent disease or immune sustain suppression

44
Q

How do you diagnose mycoplasma haemolamae

A

Can see the parasite on a blood smear or PCR

45
Q

What is the most common cause of anemia in camelids

A

Haemonchus contortus - barber pole worm

46
Q

What is the biggest thing to remember when it comes to h, contortus infections

A

Anthelmintic resistance is common

47
Q

What are the clinal signs you’d see with H. Contortus infections

A

Severe anemia - PCV less than 10% , weakness, anorexia

48
Q

Describe eimeria macusaniensis

A

Large coccidia with thick walled cysts making it very hardy and persist in the environment

49
Q

Describe eimeria macusaniensis

A

Large coccidia with thick walled cysts making it very hardy and persist in the environment

50
Q

Describe clinical signs of eimeria macusaniesis

A

True diarrhea in crias, weight loss , gastroenteritis, hypoproteinemia leading to electrolyte abnormalities and things like edema, organ dysfunction

51
Q

How many parasites do you need to with eimeria macusaniesis to cause disease

A

Small amount of parasites cause disease so animal can die showing signs

52
Q

Describe clinical signs of camelids infected with chorioptes mites

A

Legs, axial, inguinal, ears, face affected with alopecia, severe crusting, licherification

53
Q

What is the causative agent of snuffles in rabbits - what type of pathogen is it

A

Pasteurella Multocida - respiratory pathogen

54
Q

What is the causative agent of snuffles in rabbits - what type of pathogen is it

A

Pasteurella Multocida - respiratory pathogen

55
Q

What can ivermectin cause in turtles

A

Paresis, paralysis and death

56
Q

What can ivermectin cause in turtles

A

Paresis, paralysis and death

57
Q

Describe common antibiotic therapy in rodents like hamsters and guinea pigs and why it is that way

A

Mostly just use enrofloxacin, TMS, chloramphenicol because many other antibiotics like streptomycin and penicillin cause enterotoxemia and disruption of gut normal flora

58
Q

Describe common antibiotic therapy in rodents like hamsters and guinea pigs and why it is that way

A

Mostly just use enrofloxacin, TMS, chloramphenicol because many other antibiotics like streptomycin and penicillin cause enterotoxemia and disruption of gut normal flora

59
Q

Can you house turtles and snakes together

A

No - turtles are subclinical carriers of entamaebo invadens protozoal organism which can cause GI signs and death in snakes

60
Q

What antibiotic would you choose to treat proliferative bowel disease in ferret.

A

Chloramphenicol to treat the Lawsonia causing proliferation

61
Q

What flea adulticide is toxic to rabbits

A

Fipronil

62
Q

What is goiter

A

Enlarged thyroid gland swelling - thyroid hyperplasia/dysplasia

63
Q

What are clinical signs of a ruptured bladder in snacks

A

None - snakes don’t have bladders

64
Q

What are clinical signs of a ruptured bladder in snacks

A

None - snakes don’t have bladders

65
Q

Define dysecdysis

A

Abnormal shedding

66
Q

Define dysecdysis

A

Abnormal shedding

67
Q

Describe clinical signs seen with ich

A

White spots on gills and skin, erratic behavior

68
Q

What clinical signs do you see with gill rot

A

Angel disease causing respiratory distress due to thrombosis and necrosis of the gills

69
Q

What clinical signs do you see with whirling disease caused by myxobolus/ myxosoma

A

Deformation of the head and spine resulting in inability to swim properly

70
Q

Why can you not use erythromycin in rabbits

A

It has gram positive activity which can alter the intestinal biome of the rabbit leading to intestinal disease

71
Q

You see red brown crusting on the neck and in the ears of a rabbit - what is your top differential

A

Psoroptes cuniculi

72
Q

Describe lesions of psorioptes cuniculi in rabbits

A

Nonburrowing ear mite of rabbits - crusting, scaling, head shaking, ear drooping , pruritis

73
Q

What parasite carried by raccoons can cause fatal CNS signs in humans

A

Baylisacaris - ascarid /roundworm

74
Q

Describe estrous in a rabbit

A

Rabbits are induced ovulatprs so they don’t display estrous

75
Q

What is another name for macaw wasting disease

A

Proventicular dilation syndrome - weight loss, good appetite

76
Q

Which bores in a bird do you avoid placing an introsseous catheter and why

A

Humerus and femur should be avoided because they are pneumotized

77
Q

Which bones in birds should you place an intraosseous catheter in

A

Ulna or tibiotarsus

78
Q

Where is the best place to take blood in a bird

A

Jugular vein

79
Q

What is a trichobezoars

A

Hair ball

80
Q

Trichomonas is treated with

A

Metronidazole

81
Q

What causes SCUD in turtles

A

Citrobacter freundii

NAVLE (18 decks)

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