Parsitology Flashcards
Cutaneous larval migrans in humans is caused by what
Ancylostoma caninum
How does ancylostoma caninum (hookworms) affect dogs - how do you treat it
Causes anemia - use any antiparasitics except praziquntal
Describe ancyclostoma caninum on microscopy
Thin walls with 2-8 cells inside
What is the cause of visceral and larval migrans in humans
Toxocara canis or Cati - roundworms/ascarids
How are roundworms transmitted in both dogs and cats (toxocara canis and cati)
Dogs - transplacentally
Cats - transmammary
What is the scientific name for tapeworms
Echinococcus granulosus , diplydium caninum, or Taenia tanieformis
What is the causative agent of fatal hyatid cyst disease in humans
Echinococcus granulosa, tapeworm
How are animals usually infected with Taenia taeniformis tapeworms
Eating infected prey
How are animals normally infected with diplydium caninum tapeworm
Fleas are the intermediate hosts
How do you treat trichuris vulpis (whipworms)
Fenbendazole or milbenycin oxime
List 3 types of coccidia parasites
Eimeria, isospora, cryptosporidium
What does eimeria look like on microscopy - how do dogs become infected
Thin wall, 4 sporocysts - usually infected from eating rabbit feces
Which species are most affected by eimeria
Birds, reptiles and herbivores - dogs and cats usually non clinical and need no treatment
How do you treat coccidiosis caused by isospora
Sulfadimethoxine
How do you diagnose cryptosporidium
Look smaller than RBC on cytology - need an acid fast skin or IFA stain to find
How do humans usually became infected with cryptosporidium
Water contamination
How do you treat cryptosporidium
Clindamycin, tylosin, azithromycin - inhibit growth of bacteria, variable efficacy
How can you diagnose Giardia
Trophoroites in fecal smear , cysts in fecal float, IFA, giardia Elisa
How do you treat Giardia
Metronidazole or fenbendazole
How do you treat tritrichomonas foetus
Ronidazole
When do you normally see cases of tritrichomonas foetus
In kittens with unresponsive diarrhea
What is the best way to diagnose threadworms, or strongyloides stercolasis
Baermann fecal technique
What clinical signs do threadworms cause
Mucoid diarrhea and anemia in kittens and puppies
What type of parasite is gnasthostoma (what does it look like )
Nematode stomach worm - spire covered heads
What clinical signs do you see with gnathostoma stomach worms and why
Gastritis because the adults live in the stomach, animal often vomits them up
What is super important to note about gnathostoma stomach worms
Zoonotic from ingestion of undercooked fish causing gastritis and cutaneous or neural migrans in people
What is super important to note about gnathostoma stomach worms
Zoonotic from ingestion of undercooked fish causing gastritis and cutaneous or neural migrans in people
What is super important to note about gnathostoma stomach worms
Zoonotic from ingestion of undercooked fish causing gastritis and cutaneous or neural migrans in people
How do you treat gnathostoma stomach worms
Albendazole
How are patrallogimus kellicotti and capillaria aerophilia related
Both are lungworms in dogs
What is a common lungworm in cats
Aerostrongylus abstrusus
What is the host of paragonius kellocotti, the lung worm of dogs
Crawfish and snails
How do you normally treat lungworms in small animals
Fenbendazole
How do you normally treat lungworms in small animals
Fenbendazole
How do you treat toxoplasma Gondii
Clindamycin
Which species are affected by toxoplasma Gondii - what clinical signs will you see
Sheep, kittens, pigs, dogs - will see abortions, stillbirths, seizures, dyspnea, myositis
A knotts test tests for
Heart worm microfilaria
A knotts test tests for
Heart worm microfilaria
What are some major differences in heartworm for dogs vs cats
Cats usually have a lower adult worm burden, the larvae are more likely to might to ectopic locations, they are often microfilarie negative became on of only male occult infections and worms live a shorter amount of time compared to the dog
What are some major differences in heartworm for dogs vs cats
Cats usually have a lower adult worm burden, the larvae are more likely to might to ectopic locations, they are often microfilarie negative became on of only male occult infections and worms live a shorter amount of time compared to the dog
What does the heart worm antigen test detect
Adult female worms
How do you treat heartworm in cats and why
Use corticosteroids because immiticides can cause immobilization and death
How do you treat heartworm in cats and why
Use corticosteroids because immiticides can cause immobilization and death
What are the 3 aspects of treating heartworm in dogs
Immiticide (an adulticide), ivermectin to kill microfilaria, and strict activity rest to prevent pulmonary thromboembolism
What is dipetalonema recondite and why do we care
Parasite that looks like Diofilaris immitis- need to differentiate to figure out if you need to treat
What is most important to note about the raccoon roundworm bayliscarasis procynosis
Zoonotic and can cause larval migrans in the brain leading to CNS disease
What is most important to note about the raccoon roundworm bayliscarasis procynosis
Zoonotic and can cause larval migrans in the brain leading to CNS disease
How is leishmania transmitted
Sand flies
Describe the pathophysiology of cuterebra infections (botfies)
Eggs in the environment get on the animal I whose body heat causes the eggs to hatch - the larvae then migrate to subatareas locations where they make breathing pores in the skin, then eventually exit the skin
How do you remove cuterebra and why
Remove it in one piece because rupturing the larvae can cause anaphylaxis
Lesions associated with flea allergy dermatitis in dogs and cats are often found where
Caudal half of body - inguinal and caudal thigh
Eosinophilic plaques, dark brown specs in fur and genes like military dermatitis in cats can indicate
Flea zallergy dermatitis
Ctenocephalides felis is the
Cat flea
Differentiate between demodex canis in young animals versus in adults
In young animals, likely inherited defect that will go away on its own - in adults it is likely the animal is immune suppressed I treat with ivermectin and look for the underlying cause
Differentiate between demodex canis in young animals versus in adults
In young animals, likely inherited defect that will go away on its own - in adults it is likely the animal is immune suppressed I treat with ivermectin and look for the underlying cause
What is the only FDA approved treatment for demodex canis
Amitraz/mitiban
What is the only FDA approved treatment for demodex canis
Amitraz/mitiban - dip that has to be done in hospital
Where are you likely to see demodox canis lesions
Head, neck
Where do you usually see lesions associated with scabies ascaris
Pinnae, ventral abdomen and thorax, limbs
How do you treat scabies ascarais
Ivermectin, milbemycin, amitraz/mitaban
Do you see diarrhea with haemonchus contortus
No
What is considered the blood sucker of the abomasum
Haemonchus contortus
How do you treat haemonchus contortus
Fenbendazole
You find an elliptical shaped parasite with sharply curved poles and 2-8 blastomeres surrounded by a fluid filled cavity - what is it
Nematodirus
Describe type I ostertagia in ruminants
Causes acute weight loss in naive cows in the winter and spring due to high egg courts and high numbers of L3 in contaminated pastures
Describe type I ostertagia in ruminants
Causes acute weight loss in naive cows in the winter and spring due to high egg courts and high numbers of L3 in contaminated pastures
Describe type 2 osteotagia - how is it different from type 1
Chronic weight loss and diarrhea in older cows in autumn and winter with low legs counts, will find thousandsof larvae in the abomasum ( only find a few with type I)
What parasite causes a morraccon leather appearance of the abomasum
Ostertagia type 2
How do you treat ostertagia
Ivermectin or Fenbendazole
Which cause of coccidiosis affects ruminants and which affects carnivores
Ruminants - eimeria
Carnivores - isospera
How do you treat coccidiosis caused by eimeria in calves les man a year old
Sulfa containing drugs like amprolium
Monezia is what
Tapeworm - usually non pathogenic, rectangular Structure
Describe the pathogenesis of strongyloides intestinal threadworm
Migrates to intestines by penetrating oral mucosa or skin, entering the bloodstream and traveling to heart and lungs where they are coughed up and reswallowed
Which parasite causes anal pruritis and alopecia around the tail and anus in horses and needs to be diagnosed using scotch tape to look for eggs
Oxyuris equi - pinworm
A foal presents with a suspected intestinal impaction causing colic, and is showing respiratory signs along with diarrhea and weight loss - what is your top differential
Parascaris equorum - equine roundworm/ascarid
How does the equine roundworm (parascaros equorum) affect adult horses
Can cause immune mediated sensitivities
Anoplocephala is what type of parasite - how do you treat
Equine tapeworm that with praziquantal or pyrantel
What clinical signs can you see with equine tapeworm (anoplocephala)
GI disturbances, ulceration, anemia, unthriftiness, colic
What parasite is transmitted to foals transmammary through milk, causing diarrhea
Strongyloides westi
How do you prevent infection in foals with strongyloides westi
Treat mare prepartem with ivermectin - or give foals ivermectin / oxibendazole
What parasite do you often see in horses housed near cattle - causes chronic gastritis and weight loss
Small stomach worm / hair worm - trichostrongulus axei
You find yellowish eggs on the medial aspect of the forelimb cannon bones in a horse who appears otherwise normal - what is your top differential
Gasterophilus intestinalis
Which parasite in equine attaches eggs to hair on the feet, where hey burrow into the skin and migrate to dorsum where the became L3 in the subcutaneous issue, causing nodules with breathing holes
Hypoderma Bovis or litineaum - will “hypo” ventilate without a breathing hole
Which parasite in equine attaches eggs to hair on the feet, where hey burrow into the skin and migrate to dorsum where the became L3 in the subcutaneous issue, causing nodules with breathing holes
Hypoderma Bovis or litineaum - will “hypo” ventilate without a breathing hole
Which parasite in equine attaches eggs to hair on the feet, where hey burrow into the skin and migrate to dorsum where the became L3 in the subcutaneous issue, causing nodules with breathing holes
Hypoderma Bovis or litineaum - will “hypo” ventilate without a breathing hole
When and how do you treat for hypoderma Bovis in horses
Treat with ivermectin in the fall
When and how do you treat for hypoderma Bovis in horses
Treat with ivermectin in the fall
What is the scientific name for cattle grub, heel fly or warble fly
Hypoderma Bovis
What is the vector for onchocercara cervicalis
Culicoides
What is the difference between onchocecera and culicoides hypersensitivity
Onchocera - non seasonal , nonpruritic, causes dermatitis due to aberrant migration and death of microfilaria
Culcuides - seasonal, very pruritic, sweet itch, type I hypersensitivity caused by gnat saliva
How do you treat onchocecera cervicalis
Ivermectin for microfilaria - no treatment for adults
How do you treat sweet itch caused by culcoides hypersensitivity
Steroids -no topical shampoos
What clinical signs are classic for onchocecera cervicalis
Ventral midline dermatitis (non pruritic), Diamond shaped bulls eye lesion on head, ocular lesions like uveitis or conjunctivitis
What is your top differential in a horse housed near cattle with ventral midline dermatitis that is not pruritic
Ademotobin inntans - horn or face fly of cattle that reproduce in cattle feces
What is the causative agent of summer sores in horses
Habronema muscae - also the stomach worm
Which parasite would you find calcified larvae within granulomatous lesions on the eye, lower extremities and genitalia
Habronema muscae , stomach worm, summer sores in ruminants and horses
What is the vector for summer sores (habronema mucsae)
Stomoxys calcitrans - house fly
What is your diagnosis for a horse, with signs of gastritis and eosinophilia granulomas
Habronema muscae - summer sores, stomach worm in horses and ruminants
You see severe pruritis around the head and ears with hyperkeratotic ear lesions in swine - what is your top differential
Sarcoptic mange caused by sarcoptes scabei
You see severe pruritis around the head and ears with hyperkeratotic ear lesions in swine - what is your top differential
Sarcoptic mange caused by sarcoptes scabei
What is the most important thing to remember with sarcoptic mange
It is zoonotic and reportable
What is the vector for thelezia lacrymalis (equine eye worm)
Musca autumnalis
Sheep keds have - legs and cause what clinical signs
6 legs - stained wool, pruritis , anemia
How do ya diagnose dictyocaulus (horse lungworm)
Baermann fecal technique (both types)
What is the difference between dictyocalcus arnfeldi and viviparous
The definitive host of arnfeldi is the donkey and involves L1 in the feces - viviparous is just the horse and involves ingestion of l3
How do you treat dictyocalceus viviparous
Fenbendazole, ivermectin, levamisolet
What is dictyocalceus filial and what clinical effect does it have
Goat lungworm (can also be mullerias or protostrongylus)- causes bronchitis in goats
What do you do if you suspect a screwworm infection (cochliomya hominovorax)
Report-eradicated from the US by releasing a lot of sterile males
What is hematopinus and which species are affected
Blood sucking lice that affects calves 2-7 months old causing anemia and secondary pneumonia
Lice have - legs, sheep keds have _ and ticks have
Lice - 6 legs
Keds- 6 legs
Ticks - 8 legs
The causative agent for African sleeping sickness in humans is - and transmitted by -
Trypanosoma brucei - transmitted by the tsetse fly
What disease is caused by trypanosoma cruzi - describe it
Chagas disease - affects the nervous, cardiac and digestive system
What disease is caused by trypanosoma cruzi - describe it
Chagas disease - affects the nervous, cardiac and digestive system
What is the vector for Chagas’ disease caused by trypanosoma Cruzi
Reduvid beetle
In pigs - which parasite causes milk spots in the liver and migrates trash the lungs causing thumps (coughing)
Ascaris suum - porcine roundworm
How do you treat the porcine parasite
Fenbendazole
If you find milk spots in the liver of a pig on slaughter (due to ascaris suum) - what do you have to do
Condemn meat
Which parasite can cause mucohemorhagic diarrhea (large bowel) in pigs of all ages
Trichuris suis - whip worm
How can you prevent whip worm infections in porcine
Give anthelmintics a week before farrowing and mar today pastures
Tania solium (pork tapeworm) is - and can cause -
Zoonotic - causes cystericosis in humans if they eat undercooked pork (pigs actually get this parasite from infected human feces)
Isospora suis causes what in pigs - what age do you see it and what is the morbidity/mortality like
Coccidiosis - most often affects piglets 1-3 weeks old (nursing and weaned pigs), has a high morbidity
What other disease in swine looks very similar to coccidiosis caused by isospora causing watery diarrhea, I’ll thrift, failure to thrive and dehydration - how do you differentiate
Ecoli - can differentiate because isospor sis will not respond to antibiotics
With what drug do you treat coccidiosis caused by isospora Suis and why
Amprolium - coccidiostat
How is strongyloides ransomi ( porcine threadworm) transmitted - what clinical signs do you see
Transcolostrally - reside in intestines so can see anemia, diarrhea, emaciation and death
How do pigs get infected with metastrongylus (porcine lungworm) - how do you prevent it
Earthworms are the intermediate hosts - keep away from soil infected with earthworms
How can you prevent infection with stephanuris dentatus - the porcine kidney worm
Transmitted by earthworms so keep Off soil contaminated with earthworms
Why should pigs be afraid of earthworms
Earthworms carry lungworm (metastrongylus) and kidney worm ( stephanurus dentatus)
How do you diagnose stephanurus dentatus
Urinalysis - porcine kidney worm
How do pigs became infected with trichenella suis
Eating garbage and ingesting encysted larvae in muscle
Which species can be infected with trichenella suis
Most mammals - zoonotic and humans get it from eating undercooked pork
Eosinophilia on a CSF top of a llama showing ataxia and hindlimb paresis that progresses to forelimbs confirms diagnosis of
P. Tenuis - meningeal worm
A yang alpaca presents for difficulty breathing and nursing, cyanosis and lack of weight gain - what is your top differential and what do you do about it
Choanal atresia (blockage between the nasal and pharyngeal area) - euthanize, often have other organ deficits
What is the most common cause of diarrhea in adult camels and how do you treat
Whipworms - treat with panacur / fenbendazole
