Sulphonylureas Flashcards
1
Q
What is a generic and brand example of sulphonylureas?
A
• Gliclazide (Zicron)
2
Q
What is the method of action of sulphonylureas?
A
- Stimulates pancreatic insulin secretion
- Block ATP dependent K+ channels in pancreatic beta cell membranes
- = depolarisation of the cell membrane and opening of voltage gated Ca2+ channels
- ↑ intracellular Ca2+ = insulin secretion
3
Q
What are the indications for sulphonylureas?
A
• Type 2 diabetes – in combination with metformin or to reduce complication caused by metformin
4
Q
What are the contraindications for sulphonylureas?
A
- Hepatic impairment – dose reduction
- Renal impairment
- ↑ risk of hypoglycaemia – e.g. adrenal/pituitary insufficiency, elderly
5
Q
What are the side effects of sulphonylureas?
A
- GI upset
- Hypoglycaemia
- Weight gain
- Hepatic toxicity
- Drug hypersensitivity syndrome
- Haematological abnormalities e.g. agranulocystosis
6
Q
What drugs interact with sulphonylureas?
A
- Other antidiabetic drugs – risk of hypoglycaemia
* Drugs that elevate blood glucose e.g. prednisolone, thiazide, loop diuretics
7
Q
What organ eliminates sulphonylureas?
A
Kidneys
8
Q
What information should be given to a patient taking sulphonylureas?
A
- Take with meals
- Lifestyle measures should also be implemented
- Explain symptoms of hypoglycaemia and to have a surgery and then starchy food
