Anti-diarrhoeal agents

Question 1

What are the generic and brand examples of anti diarrhoeals?

Answer 1

• Loperamide (Imodium)

Question 2

What is the method of action of anti diarrhoeals?

Answer 2

• Binds to opiate receptors in the gut wall
• Slows down peristalsis so that water/electrolytes are more likely to be absorbed
• Increases tone of anal sphincter

Question 3

What are the indications for anti diarrhoeals?

Answer 3

• Diarrhoea - for over the age of 4

Question 4

What are the contraindications for anti-diarrhoeals?

Answer 4

• Acute dysentery (blood in stools and high fever) - ↑ risk of haemolytic uraemic syndrome
• Acute ulcerative/C.Diff/pseudomembranous colitis - ↑ risk of megacolon and perforation

Question 5

What are the side effects of anti-diarrhoeal agents?

Answer 5

• Nausea/Vomiting
• Flatulence
• Headache
• Dizziness

Question 6

Which organ eliminates anti diarrhoeals?

Answer 6

Intestine (faeces)

Question 7

What patient information should be given for anti-diarrhoeals?

Answer 7

• Fluid replacement is the most essential aspect

* Use for no longer than 48 without doctors advice