Heparins Flashcards
1
Q
What are the brand and generic names of herparins?
A
- Enoxaparin - LMWH
- Daltepartin - LMWH
- Fondaparinux – synthetic compound similar to heparin
- Unfractionated heparin (UFH)
2
Q
What is the method of action of heparins?
A
- Unfractionated heparin: activates anti-thrombin → inactivates clotting factor 10a and thrombin (both lead to formation of fibrin clot)
- LMWH: Similar to UFH but prefers to inhibit 10a
- Fondaparinux: inhibits factor 10a ONLY
3
Q
What are the indications of heparins?
A
- VTE prophylaxis
- DVT treatment
- PE treatment
- Acute coronary syndrome – 1st line therapy to improve revascularisation/prevent thrombus
4
Q
What are the contraindications of heparins?
A
- Clotting disorders
- Severe uncontrolled hypertension
- Recent surgery/trauma
- Invasive procedures – in particular lumbar puncture/spinal anaesthesia
- Renal impairment – used at lower dose or use UFH
5
Q
What are the side effects of heparins?
A
- Bleeding – risk is lower with fondaparinux
- Injection site reactions
- Heparin induced thrombocytopenia – more likely with UFH
6
Q
What are the interactions with heparins?
A
- Anti-thrombotic drugs - ↑ risk of bleeding
* Protamine – reverses anti-coagulation, esp. for UFH
7
Q
What organ eliminates heparins?
A
Kidney
8
Q
What patient information should be given to those taking heparins?
A
- UFH requires laboratory monitoring
* Avoid activities that may increase risk of bleeding – e.g. contact sports
