Opiods Flashcards
1
Q
What are the generic and brand names of opioids?
A
- Codeine
- Morphine (MST, Zomorph)
- Oxycodone (Shortec, Longtec, OxyContin, OxyNorm)
2
Q
What is the method of action of opioids?
A
- Activation of the G protein coupled opioid μ receptor in the CNS
- = ↓ neural excitability
- = ↓ pain transmission
- = blunt the response to hypoxia/hypercapnoea in the medulla
- = ↓ sympathetic nervous system
3
Q
What are the indications for opioids?
A
- Rapid relief of acute pain
- Post op pain
- Pain after an MI
- Relief of chronic pain when lower levels of the analgesic ladder don’t work
- To relieve breathlessness in end of life care
- To relieve breathlessness and anxiety in acute pulmonary oedema
4
Q
What are the contraindications of opioids?
A
- Hepatic failure – dose reduction
- Renal impairment – dose reduction
- Elderly – dose reduction
- Respiratory failure – unless palliative care
- Biliary colic
5
Q
What are the side effects of opioids?
A
- Respiratory depression
- Euphoria
- Neurological depression
- Nausea/vomiting
- Pupillary constriction
- Constipation
- Itching
- Urticaria
- Vasodilation
- Sweating
- Tolerance and dependence = withdrawal reaction
6
Q
What drugs interact with opioids?
A
- Antipsychotics – also a sedating drug
- Benzodiazepines – also a sedating drug
- Tricyclic antidepressants – also a sedating drug
7
Q
What organ eliminates opioids?
A
Kidney
8
Q
What information should be given to a patient taking opioids?
A
- May need to prescribe a laxative and antiemetic alongside
* Do not drive or operate heavy machinery if feeling drowsy
