ACE inhibitors Flashcards
1
Q
What are the generic and brand names of ACE inhibitors?
A
- Ramipril (Tritace)
- Enalapril
- Lisinopril
- Perindopril
2
Q
What is the method of action of ACE inhibitors?
A
- Blocks the action of angiotensin converting enzyme
- Angiotensin II isn’t formed from angiotensin I
- Angiotensin II vasoconstricts and causes aldosterone secretion - this is inhibited = lower blood pressure
- Dilation of efferent glomerular arteriole = lower pressure and progression of CKD
3
Q
What are the indications for ACE inhibitors?
A
- Hypertension – 1st/2nd line treatment
- Chronic heart failure – 1st line
- Ischemic heart disease
- Diabetic nephropathy and CKD
4
Q
What are the contraindications for ACE inhibitors?
A
- Renal artery stenosis
- AKI
- Pregnant/breastfeeding
- CKD
5
Q
What are the side effects of ACE inhibitors?
A
- Persistent dry cough – increased level of bradykinin which causes bronchoconstriction
- Hyperkaliemia = worse renal failure
- Angioedema
- Anaphylaxis
- Dizziness
6
Q
What are the interactions of ACE inhibitors?
A
- Potassium elevating drugs e.g. K+ supplements, potassium sparing diuretics
- NSAID – increases risk of renal failure
7
Q
By what organ are ACE inhibitors eliminated?
A
Kidneys
8
Q
What patient information would you give to someone on ACE inhibitors?
A
- Best to take before bed
- Blood test monitoring required
- Avoid NSAIDs
