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MD4001 Anatomy > Structure of the neck and cervical spine > Flashcards

Structure of the neck and cervical spine Flashcards

1
Q

What are the boundaries of the neck

A

base of skull and inferior border of the mandible

top of sternum, clavicle and acromonium and c7 vertebrae

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2
Q

what are the boundaries of the anterior triangle of the neck

A

inferior border of the mandible, anterior edge of SCM, midline of neck

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3
Q

what are the boundaries of the posterior triangle of the neck

A

posterior egde of SCM, middle 3rd of clavicle, anterior edge of trapezius

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4
Q

what are the 5 compartments of the neck

A

visceral
2x vascular compartment
vertebral compartment
musculofascial collar

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5
Q

what are the functions of fascia

A

containment and rigid support for muscles and viscera

slipperiness for structures to slide over each other

condiut for passage of nerves and other vessels

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6
Q

what are the layers of superficial fascia in the neck

A

subcutaneous tissue and platysma

continuous with superficial fascia of the thorax
connects to mandible and facial muscles
cutaneous nerves, lymph nodes etc present

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7
Q

what muscles does the investing fascia surround

A

SCM, trapezius, infrahyoid

also parotid and submandibular glands

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8
Q

what structures pierce the deep fascia

A

ext and ant jugular vein

several nerves including cervical plexus

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9
Q

what are the posterior attachments of investing fascia

A

ligamentum nuchae & C7 spinous process, surrounds trapezius

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10
Q

what are the anterior attachments of investing fascia

A

surrounds infrahyoid and SCM, hyoid bone

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11
Q

what are the superior attachments of investing fascia

A

ext occ.protuberance & sup nuchal line

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12
Q

what are the inferior attachments of investing fascia

A

spine of scapula, acromion, clavicle, manubrium (see suprasternal space)

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13
Q

what are the lateral attachments of investing fascia

A

mastoid process & zygomatic arch

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14
Q

what are the components of fascia in the visceral column

A

anteriorly: pretracheal
posteriorly: buccopharyngeal
laterally: fuses with the carotid sheath as alar fascia

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15
Q

where does alar fascia end

A

c7

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16
Q

what are the boundaries of the buccopharyngeal fascia

A

base of skull to thoracic cavity

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17
Q

what are the boundaries of pretracheal fascia

A

extends from hyoid bone to upper thoracic cavity

blends with fibrous pericardium and aortic arch

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18
Q

what gland is found in the visceral column

A

thyroid

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19
Q

what is found in the vertebral compartement

A

vertebral column, pre and post vertebral muscles

scalenes, longus, colli, longus capitus, deep cervical muscles

20
Q

what fascia does prevertebral fascia blend with

A

endothoracic fascia

inferior and anterior longitudinal ligament at T3/4

21
Q

what forms the axillay sheath

A

prevertebral fascia extends laterally over the first rib to surround axillary vessels and brachial plexus

22
Q

where does the prevertebral fascia extend posteriorly

A

along superior nuchal line to ext. occipital protuberance

23
Q

where does the prevertebral fascia extend anteriorly

A

to basilar part of occipital bone, area of jugular foramen and carotid canal

24
Q

where does the prevertebral fascia extend laterally

A

mastoid process

25
Q

what ligament does prevertebral fascia attach to

A

ligementum nuchae

26
Q

what structures are found in the carotid sheath

A 
common carotid 
internal carotid 
part of external carotid
internal jugular vein 
cranial nerve 10 
some cervical lymph nodes
27
Q

where is the carotid sheath

A

runs from foramen of carotid canal to aortic arch

receives contributions from other layers of deep fascia due to its juxtaposition

28
Q

where is the pretracheal space

A

between the investing layer and pretracheal fascia

extends between neck and superior mediastinum

29
Q

where is the retropharyngeal space

A

between buccopharyngeal fascia and prevertebral fascia

extends from base of skull to bifurcation of the trachea

30
Q

where is the third fascial space in the prevertebral layer

A

covers anterior surface of transverse process and bodies of cervical vertebrae, contains loose CT
area extends from base of skull through posterior mediastinum to diaphragm

31
Q

what is the hyoid bone connected to

A

mandible, styloid process, thyroid cartilage, manubrium, scapulae

32
Q

what ligament is attached to the lesser horn of the hyoid bone

A

stylohyoid ligament

33
Q

what does the ligamentum nuchae attach to

A

ext occipital protuberance, foramen magnum, spinous process of cervical vertebrae. continuous the supraspinous ligament

34
Q

what is the function of ligamentum nuchae

A

supports head and resists flexion, attachment point for muscles

35
Q

at what level is the vertebral prominens

A

c7

36
Q

what are the features of cervical vertebrae

A

bifid spinous processes (c2-6)

foramen transversarium

37
Q

what level is the atlas bone

A

c1

38
Q

what vertebra is the axis

A

c2

39
Q

what are the features of the atlas

A

no body
spinous process is a tubercle
facets articulate with occipital condyles of skull/ dens

40
Q

what movements does the atlanto occipital joint allow

A

flexion and extension (condyloid joint)

41
Q

what movements does the lateral atlanto axial joint allow

A

rotation of head

assisted by transverse ligament of atlas holding the dens in position

42
Q

what is the function of the alar ligaments

A

prevent excessive rotation of the head and neck, connect dens to occipital condyles

43
Q

between which two vertebrae is there no intervertebral disc

A

c1 and 2

44
Q

what structures can be damaged in a whiplash injury

A

anterior longitudinal ligament

vertebrae may become fractured or dislocated

45
Q

what level is the bifurcation of the common carotid artery

A

c3/4

also top of thyroid cartilage and hyoid bone

46
Q

what level is the lower border of the pharynx and larynx

A

c6

also upper border of trachea and oesophagus

MD4001 Anatomy (45 decks)

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