Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MD4001 Anatomy > Neurohistology and Nervous System repair > Flashcards

Neurohistology and Nervous System repair Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the subarachnoid space

A

between the pia and the arachnoid mater

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is a perikaryon

A

neuron cell body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is a multipolar neuron

A

cell body at one end

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is bipolar neuron

A

cell body in the middle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is a pseudopolar neuron

A

cell body in the middle, on a stalk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is found in grey matter

A

cell bodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is found in white matter

A

axons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the axon hillock

A

where the cell body meets the axon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what does nissl substance stain

A

ER and polyribosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is the neocortex

A

cerebral cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

how many layers of the cerebral cortex are there

A

6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

how many layers of the cerebellar cortex are there

A

3

grey superficially and white is deep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what are the layers of the cerebellar cortex

A

molecular
purkinje cells
granular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is found in the granular layer

A

granular cells and golgi cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is found in the molecular layer

A

basket cells, stellate cells and fibres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

describe purkinje cells

A

multipolar neurons
largest cells in the cerebellum
pear shaped
dendritic tree which expands outwards into the molecular layer

receive afferent information from the CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Where are astrocytes, oligodendroglia, ependymal cells and microglia found

A

the CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

where are schwaan cells and satelite cells found

A

PNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what do oligodendroglia and schwaan cells do

A

form myelin sheaths

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what do astrocytes do

A

structural and metabolic support for neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

where are fibrous astrocytes found

A

white matter of the CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Where are protoplasmic astrocytes found

A

grey matter of the CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

where are muller glia found (astrocytes)

A

retina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

where are radial glia (astrocytes) found

A

developing CNS

25
Q

What forms the BBB

A

endothelial cells, tight junctions and astrocyte end feet

26
Q

what is the maximum weight allowed through the BBB

A

500 daltons

27
Q

what is the function of ciliated cuboidal ependymal cells

A

line the ventricle, secrete and reabsorb CSF

28
Q

where is CSF produced

A

chroroid plexus

29
Q

what is the function of microglia

A

immune function like macrophages, able to phagocytose cell debris upon injury
release cytokines

30
Q

what are the functions of oligodendrocytes

A

one cell is able to myelinate several axons

31
Q

what cells is affected in MS and leukodystrophy

A

oligodendrocytes

32
Q

how many schwaan cells can myelinate one axon

A

1 cell per axon

33
Q

what is the function of myelin

A

Insulation and increased velocity via saltatory conduction

34
Q

what axons are unmyelinated

A

fibres carrying pain, temperature and itch

35
Q

describe unmyelinated axons in the PNS

A

enveloped by schwaan cells

this does not happen in the CNS

36
Q

what are ganglia

A

aggregations of nerve cells outside the CNS

37
Q

what are ganglion cells surrounded by

A

flattened satellite cells (fibroblasts)

38
Q

what is the perineurium

A

surrounds several axons in order to create a fascicle

39
Q

what is the epineurium

A

surrounds several fascicles

40
Q

what is the endonerium

A

surrounds individual nerve fibres

41
Q

what is found in the lateral part of the spinal cord grey matter

A

autonomic motor neurons

42
Q

what is found in the anterior part of the grey matter in the spinal cord

A

somatic motor neurons

43
Q

what is found in the posterior horns of the grey matter in the spinal cord

A

interneurons (reflexes)

44
Q

what is found in white matter in the spinal cord

A

ascending and descending tracts

mostly paired and decussate

45
Q

what is found in anterior white matter columns

A

motor

46
Q

what is found in lateral white matter columns

A

motor or sensory

47
Q

what is found in dorsal white matter columns

A

sensory

48
Q

where is the median fissure

A

anterior

49
Q

where is the median sulcus

A

posterior

50
Q

what is the histological appearance of motor neurons in the spinal cord

A 
multipolar
cell bodies are large and found in the ventral horn 
large pale staining nucleus 
prominent nucleolus 
nissl bodies
51
Q

can peripheral nerves be repaired

A

yes

CNS axons cannot

52
Q

what is Wallerian degeneration

A

after trauma the PNS and CNS repairs by clearing debris and lays the foundation for regrowing nerve fibres

does not work properly in the CNS, also inhibitory factors in the environment contributing to failed repair

53
Q

describe the process of Wallerian degeneration in the PNS

A

injury causes fragmentation of the axon and myelin sheath

schwaan cells become reactive and proliferate

macrophages phagocytose debris

schwaan cells express growth factor and form bands of Bungner
nerve fibres grow towards the bands

nerve fibres reconnect with end organs and are remyelinated by schwaan cells

54
Q

Why does Wallerian degeneration fail in the CNS

A

inflammation
myelin debris is not completely removed
glial scar is formed by reactive astrocytes astrocytes

regrowth of axons is inhibited by myelin debris and glial scar

a cystic cavity forms

lack of growth promoting molecules and an inhibitory environment

may have reactive end bulbs

oligodendrocytes > myelin debris
astrocytes > glial scar

55
Q

describe reactive astrocytes after injury

A

hypertrophy

expression of inhibitory molecules and normal molecules which forms a glial scar which the axon cannot pass through

56
Q

where are glial cells segregated into CNS or PNS

A

glial limiting membrane at the dorsal root entry zone

57
Q

what is the substantia gelatinosa

A

a mass of gelatinous gray matter that lies on the dorsal surface of the dorsal column and extends the entire length of the spinal cord into the medulla oblongata and transmits painful sensory information.

58
Q

what is the gracile fasculus

A

carries information from the lower limbs

found in the posterior column medial lemniscus pathway

MD4001 Anatomy (45 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions