Orbit

Question 1

what bone contains the optic foramen

Answer 1

lesser wing of sphenoid

Question 2

what bone contains the inferior orbital fissure and superior orbital fissure

Answer 2

sphenoid

Question 3

what bones make up the orbit

Answer 3

frontal, ethmoid, lacrimal, maxilla, zygoma, sphenoid

Question 4

what is the tendinous ring

Answer 4

structure which gives rise to the 4 rectus muscles

Question 5

what artery runs alongside the optic nerve

Answer 5

opthalmic

Question 6

what is the function of retrobulbar fat

Answer 6

fills the orbit and supports the eyeball

Question 7

what vascular structures run through the optic nerve

Answer 7

central retinal artery and vein

Question 8

what is Amaurosis fugax

Answer 8

painless transient monocular or binocular visual loss

may be caused by a thrombus of the central artery of the retina

Question 9

what is the cause of papilloedema

Answer 9

raised intracranial pressure slows retinal venous drainage via the central retinal vein causing oedema

Question 10

where is the lacrimal gland

Answer 10

upper lateral corner of the orbit

tears are washed into the conjunctival sac

Question 11

what muscle is needed in order to keep the cornea and conjunctivae moist

Answer 11

obicularis oculi via cn 7

Question 12

what muscle is responsible for blinking

Answer 12

palpebral part of obicularis oculi

Question 13

what muscle closes the eye tightly

Answer 13

orbital part of obicularis oculi

Question 14

what is the name of the pink thing at the medial corner of the eye

Answer 14

lacrimal caruncle

Question 15

how do tears drain

Answer 15

via punctae to canaliculi, to lacrimal sacs, to nasolacrimal duct and to inferior meatus

Question 16

what is Levator Palpebrae Superioris

Answer 16

the muscle that elevates the upper eyelid

Question 17

where do stys form

Answer 17

ciliary sebaceous glands of the eyelashes

Question 18

what structure in the eyelid lubricates the lids

Answer 18

tarsal plate and tarsal glands (cysts can form)

Question 19

where is the central retinal artery and vein

Answer 19

runs through the optic nerve

Question 20

what structures surround the optic nerve

Answer 20

meninges

Question 21

what can result from malfunction of ob oculi

Answer 21

dry eye, leakage of tears, sagging of the lower lid

corneal ulceration

Question 22

where can cysts form in the eye

Answer 22

tarsal plate in the eyelid

Question 23

what is the hay fever ganglion

Answer 23

pterygopalatine (involved in the lacrimal gland)

Question 24

what is the opthalmic artery a branch of

Answer 24

internal carotid

Question 25

what is muscle action dependent on

Answer 25

direction of gaze and action of other muscles

Question 26

what is the function of superior oblique

Answer 26

pull the eye downwards and laterally

Question 27

what is the function of inferior oblique

Answer 27

pulls the eye superiorly and laterally

Question 28

what are the 3 axes that they eye can move around

Answer 28

transverse
AP
vertical

Question 29

when would you get diplopia when looking right

Answer 29

injury to the right abducens nerve

Question 30

what muscles are involved in looking straight down

Answer 30

superior oblique and inferior rectus

Question 31

what muscles can elevate the eye when looking laterally

Answer 31

superior rectus

obliques do not work when looking laterally

Question 32

what muscles elevate and depress the eye when looking medially

Answer 32

obliques

sup and inf rectus do not work

Question 33

what is the function of the H shape testing

Answer 33

isolates obliques and sup and lat rectus muscles

Question 34

eye is turned down and out
dilated pupil
ptosis

Answer 34

occulomotor injury

Question 35

what does the opthalmic artery supply

Answer 35

forehead, eye and part of nasal cavity

Question 36

why might eye infection spread to the cavernous sinus

Answer 36

orbital veins anastomose with forehead veins which drain to the cavernous sinus

Question 37

describe the consensual light reflex

Answer 37

in the tectum, nerve fibres cross the midline to stimulate the opposite EW nucleus