blood supply to the brain Flashcards
what four arteries supply the brain
two internal carotid arteries anteriorly
two vertebral arteries posteriorly
what is the vertebral artery a branch of
the first part of the subclavian artery
what does the vertebral artery ascend through
foramina in the transverse processes (upper six cervical vertebra)
what do the vertebral arteries enter through
foramen magnum and pierces the meninges to enter the subarachnoid space
where does the vertebral artery become the basilar artery
at the lower border of the ventral pons it joins the vessel on the opposite side
where does the basilar artery ascend
on the anterior surface of the pons
where does the basilar artery terminate
divides into two posterior cerebral arteries
what is the blood supply to the cerebellum and brainstem
superior cerebellar artery
anterior inferior cerebellar artery
posterior inferior cerebellar artery
(SCA, AICA, PICA)
where does the internal carotid artery pass into the skull
through the carotid canal in the temporal bone
passes through the cavernous sinus,
perforates the dura mater at the anterior clinoid process and enters the subarachnoid space
what does the internal carotid artery divide into
anterior and middle cerebral arteries
what are the 7 radiological segments of the carotid artery
C1- cervical segment c2- petrous segment c3- lacerum segment c4- cavernous segment c5- clinoid segment c6- opthalmic segment c7- communicating segment
what is the circle of willis
anastomising system of arteries at the base of the brain
what is the circle of willis closely related to
cerebral peduncles
optic chiasma
pituritary stalk
occulomotor nerves
what does the anterior cerebral artery supply
structures near the midline (continues to corpus callosum and back towards parietal lobe
what course does the middle cerebral artery take
passes laterally through the lateral fissure emerges onto the lateral surface of the cerebral hemispheres
what are the symptoms of a middle cerebral artery stroke
contralateral hemiplegia (one sided paralysis) hemi sensory loss contralateral hemianopia dysphasia anosognosia (lack of perception)
what are the symptoms of anterior cerebral artery stroke
weak contralateral leg and arm sensory loss in contralateral foot and leg gait apraxia akinetic mutism urinary incontinence
what are the symptoms of a posterior cerebral artery stroke
contralateral homonymous hemianopia
what is the blood supply of the basal ganglia and internal capsule
medial striate branch of ACA
lateral striate branches of MCA
anterior choroidal
what is the blood supply of the thalamus and midbrain
branches of PCA
what is the blood supply of the pons
basilar, superior cerebellar
anterior inferior cerebellar
what is the blood supply of the medulla
vertebral/ anterior spinal, inferior cerebellar/ basillar
what cranial nerves are found in the midbrain
3 and 4
what cranial nerves are found in the pons
5,6,7,8
what cranial nerves are found in the medulla
9-12
what type of haemorrhage can a berry aneurism cause
subarachnoid
often Posterior communicating artery
what are the components of the blood brain barrier
endothelial cell
tight juntion
basement membrane astrocyte foot processes
what is the limit for tranport accross the BBB
400 Da
