blood supply to the brain

Question 1

what four arteries supply the brain

Answer 1

two internal carotid arteries anteriorly

two vertebral arteries posteriorly

Question 2

what is the vertebral artery a branch of

Answer 2

the first part of the subclavian artery

Question 3

what does the vertebral artery ascend through

Answer 3

foramina in the transverse processes (upper six cervical vertebra)

Question 4

what do the vertebral arteries enter through

Answer 4

foramen magnum and pierces the meninges to enter the subarachnoid space

Question 5

where does the vertebral artery become the basilar artery

Answer 5

at the lower border of the ventral pons it joins the vessel on the opposite side

Question 6

where does the basilar artery ascend

Answer 6

on the anterior surface of the pons

Question 7

where does the basilar artery terminate

Answer 7

divides into two posterior cerebral arteries

Question 8

what is the blood supply to the cerebellum and brainstem

Answer 8

superior cerebellar artery
anterior inferior cerebellar artery
posterior inferior cerebellar artery

(SCA, AICA, PICA)

Question 9

where does the internal carotid artery pass into the skull

Answer 9

through the carotid canal in the temporal bone
passes through the cavernous sinus,
perforates the dura mater at the anterior clinoid process and enters the subarachnoid space

Question 10

what does the internal carotid artery divide into

Answer 10

anterior and middle cerebral arteries

Question 11

what are the 7 radiological segments of the carotid artery

Answer 11

C1- cervical segment
c2- petrous segment
c3- lacerum segment
c4- cavernous segment
c5- clinoid segment 
c6- opthalmic segment 
c7- communicating segment

Question 12

what is the circle of willis

Answer 12

anastomising system of arteries at the base of the brain

Question 13

what is the circle of willis closely related to

Answer 13

cerebral peduncles
optic chiasma
pituritary stalk
occulomotor nerves

Question 14

what does the anterior cerebral artery supply

Answer 14

structures near the midline (continues to corpus callosum and back towards parietal lobe

Question 15

what course does the middle cerebral artery take

Answer 15

passes laterally through the lateral fissure emerges onto the lateral surface of the cerebral hemispheres

Question 16

what are the symptoms of a middle cerebral artery stroke

Answer 16

contralateral hemiplegia (one sided paralysis)
hemi sensory loss 
contralateral hemianopia 
dysphasia
anosognosia (lack of perception)

Question 17

what are the symptoms of anterior cerebral artery stroke

Answer 17

weak contralateral leg and arm 
sensory loss in contralateral foot and leg
gait apraxia
akinetic mutism 
urinary incontinence

Question 18

what are the symptoms of a posterior cerebral artery stroke

Answer 18

contralateral homonymous hemianopia

Question 19

what is the blood supply of the basal ganglia and internal capsule

Answer 19

medial striate branch of ACA
lateral striate branches of MCA
anterior choroidal

Question 20

what is the blood supply of the thalamus and midbrain

Answer 20

branches of PCA

Question 21

what is the blood supply of the pons

Answer 21

basilar, superior cerebellar

anterior inferior cerebellar

Question 22

what is the blood supply of the medulla

Answer 22

vertebral/ anterior spinal, inferior cerebellar/ basillar

Question 23

what cranial nerves are found in the midbrain

Answer 23

3 and 4

Question 24

what cranial nerves are found in the pons

Answer 24

5,6,7,8

Question 25

what cranial nerves are found in the medulla

Answer 25

9-12

Question 26

what type of haemorrhage can a berry aneurism cause

Answer 26

subarachnoid

often Posterior communicating artery

Question 27

what are the components of the blood brain barrier

Answer 27

endothelial cell
tight juntion
basement membrane astrocyte foot processes

Question 28

what is the limit for tranport accross the BBB

Answer 28

400 Da