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MD4001 Anatomy > Face, scalp and muscles of mastication > Flashcards

Face, scalp and muscles of mastication Flashcards

1
Q

what are the boundaries of the scalp

A

superior nuchal line on the occipital bone
supraorbital margins of frontal bone
zygomatic arches laterally

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2
Q

what are the layers of the scalp

A 
skin 
dense connective tissue
aponeurosis 
loose connective tissue 
pericranium
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3
Q

what does the dense connective tissue on the scalp contain

A

richly vascularised

cutaneous nerves

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4
Q

what does the epicranial aponeurosis contain

A

tendon and muscle of the occipitofrontalis

prevents superficial wounds from gaping open

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5
Q

what does the loose connective tissue contain

A

loose areolar tissue
allows free movement of outer layers of overlying calvaria

contains spaces which allow accumulation of fluid or infection spread such as eyelid and nose

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6
Q

what is the innervation of the scalp

A

Cn V (V1, 2, 3) and cervical nerves from C2 and 3

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7
Q

what nerves supply the anterior part of the scalp

A

branches of the trigeminal nerve

supraorbital
supratrochlear
zygomaticotemporal
auriculotemporal

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8
Q

what nerves supply the posterior part of the scalp

A

C2 and 3

greater occipital
lesser occipital
third occipital
greater auricular

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9
Q

what is the blood supply to the anterior scalp

A

internal carotid

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10
Q

what is the blood supply to the posterior and lateral scalp

A

external carotid

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11
Q

where does the occipital vein drain to

A

internal jugular

all others are external jugular

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12
Q

What are the branches of the internal carotid artery that supply the scalp

A

supra orbital

supratrochlear

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13
Q

what are the branches of the external carotid that supply the scalp

A

superficial temporal
posterior auricular
occipital

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14
Q

what is the posterior lymph drainage of the scalp

A

mastoid and occipital nodes to deep cervical nodes

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15
Q

what is the anteriorr lymph drainage of the scalp and face

A

pre auricular and parotid nodes

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16
Q

what is the innervation of the muscles of mastication

A

mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve V3

temporalis
masseter
medial and lateral pterygoid

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17
Q

where does temporalis originate

A

temporal fossa and fascia

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18
Q

where does temporalis insert (closes the mouth)

A

coronoid process of mandible and anterior margin of ramus of mandible near last molar

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19
Q

what is the innervation of temporalis

A

deep temporal nerves from anterior trunk of CN V3

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20
Q

what is the origin of masseter (elevator)

A

zygomatic arch (deep part) and maxillary process of zygomatic bone (superficial)

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21
Q

what is the insertion of masseter

A

lateral surface of ramus of mandible

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22
Q

what is the innervation of masseter

A

masseteric nerve from anterior trunk of V3

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23
Q

what is the origin of medial pterygoid

A

medial surface of lateral plate of pterygoid process and pyramidal process of palatine bone (deep head)

tuberosity of pyramidal process of maxilla (sup head)

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24
Q

what is the insertion of medial pterygoid

A

medial surface of mandible near the angle

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25
Q

what is the function of medial pterygoid

A

elevation and side to side movements

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26
Q

what is the innervation of medial pterygoid

A

nerve to medial pterygoid of V3

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27
Q

what is the origin of lateral pterygoid

A

upper head- roof of infratemporal fossa

lower head - lateral surface of lateral plate of pterygoid process

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28
Q

what is the insertion of lateral pterygoid

A

capsule of TMJ and pterygoid fovea

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29
Q

what are the functions of lateral pterygoid

A

protrusion, side to side movements and depression

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30
Q

what is the innervation of lateral pterygoid

A

nerve to lateral pterygoid from the anterior trunk or buccal nerve of V3

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31
Q

what muscles retract the mandible

A

posterior fibres of temporalis

deep part of masseter

32
Q

what muscles cause side to side movements

A

lateral and medial pterygoid

33
Q

what muscles are supplied by the facial nerve (7)

A 
buccinator 
orbicularis oculi 
orbicularis oris 
occipitofrontalis 
platysma
34
Q

what is the origin of buccinator

A

posterior part of maxilla and mandible and pterygomandibular raphe

35
Q

what is the function of buccinator

A

press the cheeks against the teeth and it compresses distended cheeks. It also assists in smiling

36
Q

what is the innervation of buccinator

A

buccal branches of Cn 7

37
Q

describe the position of the parotid duct

A

lies of top of masseter

pierces buccinator and buccal fat pad en route to the oral cavity where it enters near the 2nd molar

38
Q

what is the insertion and origin of obicularis oris

A

buccinator and surrounding muscles also medial mandible and maxilla

inserts into mucous membrane of lips

39
Q

what is the function of obicularis oris

A

close and protude the lips, keeps food in mouth

40
Q

name the smaller muscles of facial expression and mouth movements

A 
mentalis 
risorius
depressors
levators
zygomaticus maj and min
41
Q

what is the origin and insertion of platysma

A

subcutaneous tissue of infra and supraclavicular regions

base of mandible, skin of cheek and lower lip, angle of mouth and lower lip

42
Q

what is the function of platysma

A

depress the mandible and tense the skin of the inferior face and neck

43
Q

what is the innervation of platysma

A

7 (cervicofacial branch)

44
Q

what is the origin and insertion of occipitofrontalis

A
  • frontal belly originates from the epicranial aponeurosis and inserts into skin and subcutaneous tissue of eyebrows.
  • occipital belly originates from the lateral 2/3 of superior nuchal line and inserts into the epicranial aponeurosis
45
Q

what is the innervation of occipitofrontalis

A

temporal branch posterior auricular nerve of CN7

46
Q

what is the function of occipitofrontalis

A

move the scalp, wrinkle forehead, and raise the eyebrows

47
Q

what is the origin and insertion of obicularis oculi

A
  • (palpebral) originates from the medial palpebral ligament and inserts into the lateral palpebral raphe at the ligament.
  • (orbital) originates from the nasal part of the frontal bone, frontal process of maxilla, and medial palpebral ligament and inserts into skin around margin of orbit
48
Q

what are the functions of orbicularis oculi

A

close the eyelids

49
Q

what is the innervation of orbicularis oculi

A

temporal and zygomatic branches of CN 7

50
Q

describe the course of the facial nerve

A

leaves via interal acoustic meatus
exits through stylomastoid foramen

gives of post auricular and digastric branch before entering the parotid gland

51
Q

what two branches arise from the facial nerve inside the parotid gland

A

upper/ temporofacial ( temporal and zygomatic

lower/ cervicofacial (cervical, buccal, marginal mandibular)

52
Q

what mnemonic can be used to remember the branches of the facial nerve within the parotid gland

A

two zebras befriended my cat

temporal 
zygomatic
buccal 
mandibular 
cervical
53
Q

what are the layers of the eyelid

A 
skin 
connective tissue
muscle
orbital septum 
tarsus
conjunctiva
54
Q

what is the opening of the eyelids called

A

palpebral fissure

55
Q

review details of the lacrimal apparatus

A

drake 882-3

56
Q

orbital septum

A

anterior border of orbit continuos with periosteum

57
Q

tarsus

A

eyelid support

58
Q

what is the blood supply of the eyelids

A 
ext carotid (facial, transverse facial, sup temporal) 
int carotid (supratrochlear, supraorbital, lacrimal)
59
Q

what is the venous drainage of the eyelids

A

parotid nodes

60
Q

what is the innervation of the eyelids

A

V1 and 2

61
Q

what is the blood supply of the ears

A

ext carotid and ext jugular

62
Q

what is the lymphatic drainage of the ears

A

parotid, mastoid and deep cervical

63
Q

what is the innervation of the ears

A

Cn 7 and 10

surrounding muscles are 7

64
Q

what muscles move the ears

A

anterior, superior and posterior auricular

65
Q

what are the muscles of facial expression related to the nose

A

nasalis, depressor septi nasi, levator labii superioris

66
Q

what is the blood supply of the face

A

mostly ext carotid but also int carotid

67
Q

what are the branches of the ext carotid which supply the face

A

facial, buccal, mental, infraorbital, transverse facial

68
Q

where can the facial artery be palpated

A

inferior border of mandible or anterior to the auricle

69
Q

what branches of internal carotid supply the face

A

zygomaticofacial

zygomaticotemporal

70
Q

where does the facial vein drain

A

internal jugular

drains most of the face

71
Q

what vein drains some of the upper face

A

transverse facial vein

72
Q

what is the danger zone

A

triangle from between eyes down to lips

infection from cavernous sinus to cranium due to many venous connections and valveless veins

73
Q

what do the submental lymph nodes drain

A

inferior chin from medial lower lip and chin

74
Q

what do the pre auricular and parotid nodes drain

A

near ear, eyelids, lateral cheek and external nose

75
Q

what do the submandibular nodes drain

A

follows facial artery from medial orbit to external nose, medial cheek, upper lip, lateral lower lip

76
Q

what modality is the mandibular nerve

A

motor and sensory

77
Q

what modality is the opthalmic and maxillary nerve

A

sensory

MD4001 Anatomy (45 decks)

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