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MD4001 Anatomy > Anterior and posterior triangles of the neck > Flashcards

Anterior and posterior triangles of the neck Flashcards

1
Q

what structures are found in the posterior compartment of the neck

A

spinal cord
vertebral column
muscles
cervical nerve

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2
Q

lateral compartments contents

A

carotid sheath
IVJ
vagus
common carotid

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3
Q

contents of the anterior compartment

A

thyoid, parathyroid, oesophagus, trachea

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4
Q

what is the motor innervation of trapezius and SCM

A

spinal accessory

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5
Q

what muscles form the boundaries of the lateral and anterior cervical regions/ posterior and anterior triangles

A

trapezius and sternocleidomastoid

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6
Q

what nerves supply pain and proprioception to trapezius and sternocleidomastoid

A

C2 and 3

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7
Q

what are the attachments of trapezius

A 
lateral third of clavicle 
acromion
spine of scapula
occipital bone- superior nuchal line and external occipital protuberance 
nuchal ligament 
spinous processes  (C7-T12)
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8
Q

what are the functions of trapezius

A

rotate the scapula during abduction of the humerus

elevate, adduct and depress the scapula

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9
Q

what are the functions of sternocleidomastoid

A

draws the head forwards, tilts and rotates the head

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10
Q

what are the attachments of sternocleidomastoid

A

mastoid process and superior nuchal line

sternum (manubrium)

medial third of clavicle

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11
Q

what are the boundaries of the posterior triangle of the neck

A

posterior border SCM
Ant border of trapezius
inf clavicle
apex where SCM and trapezius meet on the superior nuchal line
roof:investing layer
floor:muscles enclosed by prevertebral layer

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12
Q

where do trapezius and SCM meet superiorly

A

superior nuchal line

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13
Q

what covers the posterior triangle

A

skin and platysma

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14
Q

what forms the floor of the posterior triangle

A 
muscles in the prevertebral column:
splenius capitis
levator scapulae
posterior and middle scalene
ant scalene is usually deep to SCM
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15
Q

where is middle scalene muscle

A

posterior tubercle of TP C5-7

1st rib, groove for subclavian

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16
Q

where is anterior scalene

A

transverse processes C3-C6

1st rib

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17
Q

what is the function of anterior scalene

A

nodding and side to side movements

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18
Q

what is the function of middle scalene

A

lateral flexion of the neck

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19
Q

what is the function of levator scapulae

A

fixes scapula, elevates and extends neck, lateral flexion of neck

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20
Q

what is the nerve supply to anterior scalene

A

C4-6

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21
Q

what are the three parts of subclavian artery in relation to anterior scalene muscle

A

medial
posterior
lateral

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22
Q

what is axillary fascia a continuation of

A

prevertebral layer of deep cervical fascia

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23
Q

what is the root value of the phrenic nerve (muscle supply)

A

c3, 4, 5

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24
Q

what is the root number of ansa cervicalis (muscle supply)

A

c1,2,3

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25
Q

what is the cervical plexus made of

A

anterior rami of c1-4

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26
Q

what is the lesser occipital nerve (cutaneous)

A

c2

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27
Q

greater auricular and transverse cervical nerves (cutaneous)

A

c2,3

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28
Q

supraclavicular nerves (cutaneous)

A

c3-4

29
Q

what does ansa cervicalis innervate (c1-3)

A

infrahyoid muscles

30
Q

what are the boundaries of the anterior triangle of the neck

A

median line of neck
anterior border SCM
inferior border of mandible
jugular notch of manubrium

31
Q

what is the roof of the anterior triangle

A

subcutaneous tissue containing platysma

32
Q

what is the floor of the anterior triangle

A

pharynx, larynx and thyroid gland

33
Q

what is the innervation of platysma

A

cervical branch of facial nerve

34
Q

where does the anterior belly of the digastric muscle attach to the hyoid

A

digastric fossa of mandible (V3)

35
Q

what is the attachment of the posterior belly of the digastric muscle

A

mastoid notch of temporal bone (cn 7)

36
Q

what are the attachments of stylohyoid

A

styloid process
greater wing of hyoid bone

cn 7

37
Q

what are the attachments of geniohyoid

A

inferior mental spine of mandible

body of hyoid

38
Q

what are the attachments of mylohyoid

A

mylohyoid line of mandible
body of hyoid
via V3

39
Q

what does the submental triangle contain

A

submental lymph nodes and tributaries of ant juglular vein

40
Q

what is the function of digastric

A

ant- elevates and steadies the hyoid bone when swallowing or speaking

41
Q

what is the function of mylohyoid

A

elevates the hyoid and tongue when swallowing and speaking

42
Q

what are the boundaries of the submental triangle

A

mandibular symphysis
anterior belly of digastric muscle
hyoid bone
mylohyoid muscle

43
Q

what is the contents of the submandibular triangle

A

submandibular gland and submandibular lymph nodes
cn 12 and V3 branches
facial artery and vein

44
Q

what are the borders of the submandibular triangle

A

inferior surface is the body of the mandible

posterior and anterior bellies of digastric muscle

45
Q

what is the digastric sling

A

derived from pretracheal layers and allows digastric muscle to pass from ant to posterior

46
Q

what are the borders of the carotid triangle

A

post belly of digastric muscle
sup belly omohyoid
ant border of SCM

47
Q

At what level does the common carotid bifurcate

A

sup thyroid cartilage

48
Q

what is the nerve supply to the carotid body

A

cn 11 and 10

49
Q

what is the function of stylohyoid

A

elevates and retracts hyoid to elongate the floor of the mouth

50
Q

what is the function of geniohyoid

A

shortens the floor of the mouth

51
Q

what is the carotid sinus

A

baroreceptor

52
Q

what is the carotid body

A

chemoreceptor

53
Q

what are the attachments of thyrohyoid

A

oblique line of thyroid cartilage

inferior border of body and greater horn

C1 via hypoglossal n.
(CN XII)

54
Q

what are the attachments of omohyoid

A

scapula

inferior border of hyoid

C1-C3 by branch of
ansa cervicalis

55
Q

what are the attachments of sternohyoid

A

manubrium and medial clavicle
body of hyoid
C1-C3 by branch of ansa cervicalis

56
Q

what is the effect of sternohyoid on the hyoid bone

A

depresses hyoid during swallowing

57
Q

what is the effect of omohyoid

A

depresses retracts and steadies the hyoid

58
Q

what is the function of thyrohyoid

A

depresses hyoid and elevates the larynx

59
Q

what is the attachment of sternothyroid

A

posterior surface of manubrium

inserts on oblique line of thyroid cartilage

60
Q

what is the function of sternothyroid

A

depresses hyoid and larynx

61
Q

what is the innervation of sternothyroid

A

c2 and c3 by a branch of ansa cervicalis

62
Q

what are the parts of the thyroid gland

A

pyramidal lobe
right and left lobes
isthmus

63
Q

where is the thyroid gland

A

thyroid cartilage to 5th tracheal ring

visceral compartment of neck

64
Q

what is the arterial supply to the thyroid gland

A

superior thyroid artery (1st branch of ext carotid)

inferior thyroid artery (branch of thyrocervical trunk from subclavian

65
Q

what is the venous drainage of the thyroid

A

superior thyroid vein (IVJ)

middle thyroid vein (IJV)

inferior thyroid vein (brachiocephalic)

66
Q

where are the parathyroid glands

A

posterior surface of thyroid gland

67
Q

what is the blood supply of the parathyroid glands

A

inferior thyroid arteries

same venous drainage as thyroid

68
Q

what does the external jugular vein drain into

A

subclavian

MD4001 Anatomy (45 decks)

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