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MD4001 Anatomy > Cranial nerves 4 > Flashcards

Cranial nerves 4 Flashcards

1
Q

what are the functions of glossopharyngeal (9)

A

stylopharyngeus muscle (special visceral efferent)

parotid gland parasympathetic supply (general visceral efferent)

carotid sinus and carotid body (general visceral afferent)

1o….general sensory from pharynx and posterior tongue (general somatic afferent)

taste from posterior third of the tongue (special visceral afferent)

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2
Q

What is the function of the vagus nerve

A

parasympathetic heart lungs Gi tract

taste

carotid body and sinus

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3
Q

what is the function of hypoglossal nerve (12)

A

motor tongue (somatic efferent)

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4
Q

what is the trigeminal motor nucleus derived from

A

muscles from the first pharyngeal arch

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5
Q

what is the function of the trigeminal mesencephalic nucleus

A

proprioception

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6
Q

what is the function of the trigeminal prinicple sensory nucleus

A

discriminitave touch

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7
Q

what is the funtion of the trigeminal spinal nucleus

A

pain and temperature, general conscoius sensation for the viscera supplied by 9 and 10

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8
Q

what is the function of the inferior salivatory nucleus of glossopharyngeal

A

parasympathetic secretomotor to parotid

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9
Q

what is the function of hypoglossal nucleus

A

motor to tongue

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10
Q

what is the function of accessory spinal root

A

motor to sternocleidomastoid and trapezius

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11
Q

what is the function of the solitary nucleus 0f 9 and 10

A

taste and visceral sensation

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12
Q

why do lesions of 8, 10, 11 and 12 commonly happen together

A

they lie close together at the base of the skull

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13
Q

what does the nucleus ambiguos of 9 and 10 supply

A

striated muscles of the pharynx and larynx

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14
Q

what does the dorsal nucleus of vagus supply

A

p’symp to heart lungs and intestine

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15
Q

what does the spinal nucleus of 5 receive

A

general sensation from 9 and 10

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16
Q

which two nerves join together to make the special visceral efferent from the nucleus ambiguus

A

cranial accessory and vagus

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17
Q

which nerves arise from the medulla and pass through the jugular foramen

A

9 10 and 11

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18
Q

what does cranial nerve 12 pass through

A

anterior condylar canal

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19
Q

what does the accessory nerve pass through

A

foramen magnum and then jugular foramen

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20
Q

what nerves are found between the internal carotid artery and internal jugular vein

A

9, 10, 11, 12

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21
Q

what trigeminal nerve division recieves a contribution from 9

A

auriculotemporal nerve

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22
Q

which trigeminal nerve joins with the chorda tympani

A

lingual nerve

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23
Q

where does pain from the tonsil and oropharynx refer to

A

middle ear

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24
Q

describe the course of the lesser petrosal nerve

A

leaves the middle ear and lies on the surface of the petrous temporal bone in the middle cranial fossa, before emerging thro the foramen ovale
synapses in the otic ganglion

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25
Q

what passes through the jugular foramen

A

internal jugular vein, nerves 9, 10 and 11

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26
Q

what passes through the carotid canal

A

internal carotid artery

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27
Q

what do the ganglionic swellings on 9 and 10 house

A

cell bodies of primary sensory neurones

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28
Q

what nerve defects affect swallowing and the gag reflex

A

9 and 10

29
Q

what does 10 and 11 supply

A

general sensation from auricle and external accoustic meatus, plus the laryngopharynx and larynx

taste from vallecula and epiglotis

visceral sensory afferents from blood vessels for control of CVS, plus afferents from heart lungs and gi

motor supply to muscle of pharynx and larynx

30
Q

where is the pharyngeal plexus

A

external pharyngeal wall over middle constrictor

31
Q

what is the nerve supply to the pharynx

A

pharyngeal plexus

recieves branches 9 and 10 plus cervical sympathetics

32
Q

what is the sensory nerve supply to the Oropharynx, palatine tonsil, inferior aspect of soft palate and posterior 1/3 tongue

A

Glossopharyngeal (IX) Referred pain to middle ear

33
Q

what is the sensory nerve supply of laryngopharynx, vallcula and epiglottis

A

vagus

34
Q

what is the sensory nerve supply of the soft palate

A

combination of V2 and 9

35
Q

what is the sensory nerve supply of the nasopharynx

A

maxillary V2

36
Q

what is the motor nerve supply of the pharynx

A

vagus except stylopharyngeus which is glossopharyngeal

37
Q

what is the parasympathetic secretomotor supply of the pharynx

A

vagus plus the pterygopalatine ganglion via V2

38
Q

what is the afferent supply of the gag reflex

A

9

39
Q

what is the efferent supply of the gag reflex

A

10

40
Q

where does the hypoglossal nerve arise from

A

hypoglossal/ anterior condylar canal

41
Q

describe the course of the hypoglossal nerve

A

descends the neck, passes lateral to both the internal and external carotid arteries and associated with a loop of cranial nerves that supply the strap muscles of the neck

42
Q

how is the tongue affected in a hypoglossal nerve lesion

A

ipsilateral tongue weakness so it deviates to the side of the lesion

43
Q

describe the course of hypoglossal when it enters the oral cavity

A

enters under the tongue between mylohyoid and hyoglossus to supply all tongue muscles except palatoglossus

44
Q

what is the nerve supply of palatoglossus

A

10 via pharyngeal plexus

45
Q

what are the functions of glossopharyngeal

A 
sensory to middle ear 
psymp to parotid 
motor to stylopharyngeus 
special visceral sensory to tonsils, pharynx and tongue 
taste to post tongue
baro/chemo receptors
46
Q

what are the limbs of the sneeze and cough reflexes

A

v2 afferent
9 and 10 efferent

involves trigeminal sensory nucleus and nucleus ambiguus

47
Q

inferior salivatory nucleus

A

glossopharyngeal nerve to parotid gland

48
Q

superior salivatory nucleus

A

facial nerve to sub glands

49
Q

what happens in complete paralysis of the recurrent laryngeal nerve

A

the vocal fold lies semi abducted- vibrates so respiration is noisy

50
Q

what happens in partial paralysis of the recurrent laryngeal

A

the vocal fold moves into the midline- if bilateral then life threatening

51
Q

what is the effect of paralysis of the external laryngeal nerve

A

may be hoarseness of the voice

52
Q

where is the right recurrent laryngeal nerve

A

inferior to the subclavian artery

53
Q

where is the left recurrent laryngeal nerve

A

inferior to the aorta and ligamentum arteriosum

ascends between the trachea and oesophaus

54
Q

what does the recurrent laryngeal nerve supply

A

all muscles of the larynx except cricothyroid and sensation to the vocal cords and larynx

55
Q

what is the function of the superior laryngeal nerve

A

sensation of the larynx down tot he vocal folds (internal branch)

56
Q

what is the nerve supply to the cricothyroid

A

external branch of superior laryngeal nerve

57
Q

what nerves are at risk during thyroid surgery

A

laryngeal

58
Q

where is the pteryogmandibular raphe

A

superior contrictor and buccinator

59
Q

what is the sensation supply to the tongue

A

lingual (5) and glossopharyngeal

60
Q

what is the motor supply to tongue muscles

A

hypoglossal except palatoglossus which is vagus via pharyngeal plexus

61
Q

what is the nerve supply to the muscles of the pharynx

A

vagus except stylopharyngeus

62
Q

what nerves does the pharyngeal plexus (external pharyngeal wall) contain

A

9, 10 and cervical sympathetics

63
Q

what is the sensory nerve supply to the vallecula and epiglottis

A

vagus

64
Q

what is the sensory supply to the oropharynx, palatine tonsil, soft palate and post tongue

A

9

referred pain to middle ear

65
Q

what muscle does the pharyngeal plexus overlie

A

middle constrictor

66
Q

what nuclei are involved in the gag reflex

A

solitarius

ambiguus

67
Q

what pharyngeal arches are the muscles of the pharynx and larynx derived from

A

4 and 6

68
Q

what passes through the jugular foramen

A

internal jugular vein

nerves 9, 10 and 11

69
Q

describe the course of the spinal accesory nerve

A

passes up through the foramen magnum and then back out via the jugular foramen

MD4001 Anatomy (45 decks)

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