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MD4001 Anatomy > Cranial nerves 1: Introduction, Eye movements and Autonomics > Flashcards

Cranial nerves 1: Introduction, Eye movements and Autonomics Flashcards

1
Q

what is the function of the olfactory nerve (1)

A

sense of smell

special visceral afferent

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2
Q

what is the function of the optic nerve (2)

A

sense of sight

special somatic afferent

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3
Q

what is the function of the occulomotor nerve (3)

A

eye movements

somatic efferent
p’symp visceral efferent in addition

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4
Q

what is the function of the trochlear nerve (4)

A

Eye movements

somatic efferent

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5
Q

what is the function of the trigeminal nerve

A

sensation- head and cavities

motor- muscles of mastication

also a carrier

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6
Q

what is the function of abducent nerve (6)

A

eye movements

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7
Q

what is the function of the facial nerve (7)

A

motor - muscles of facial expression

also taste (nervus intermedius)

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8
Q

what is the function of vestibulocochlear nerve (8)

A

hearing and balance

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9
Q

what is the function of glossopharyngeal (9)

A

sensation of posterior third of tongue and oropharynx

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10
Q

what is the function of the vagus nerve (10)

A

p’sympathetic visceral - heart, lungs, GI tract

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11
Q

what is the function of spinal accessory nerve

A

motor to sternocleidomastoid and trapezius

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12
Q

what is the function of hypoglossal (12)

A

motor to tongue

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13
Q

why might abduccens be stretched in raised intracranial pressure

A

passes upwards on the clivus

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14
Q

why might oculomotor be compressed in raised intracranial pressure

A

it lies superior and adjacent to the tentorium cerebelli

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15
Q

what nerves might be compromised in a circle of willis aneurysm

A

oculomotor (3)

passes between the posterior
cerebral and superior cerebellar branches of the circle of
Willis, before lying close to the posterior communicating
artery.

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16
Q

special visceral efferent

A

descending information to branchial muscles (mastication, pharynx and larynx)

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17
Q

special somatic afferent

A

sight, hearing, balance

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18
Q

general somatic afferent

A

sensory from the body

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19
Q

special visceral afferent

A

taste and smell

20
Q

general visceral afferent

A

ascending information from heart, lungs, gut, etc

21
Q

general visceral efferent

A

descending information to heart, lungs, gut

22
Q

somatic efferent

A

descending motor to body

23
Q

what nuclei are found in the midbrain (4)

A

mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus
edinger westphall (3)
occulomotor
trochlear

24
Q

what nuclei are found in the pons (6)

A 
chief sensory nucleus (5)
motor trigeminal (5)

facial (7)
abducens (6)

superior salivatory (7)
inferior salivatory (9)
25
Q

what nuclei are found in the medulla

A

spinal trigeminal nucleus (5,7,9,10)

solitarius(8,9,10)

dorsal motor vagal nucleus (10)

ambiguous (9, 10)

spinal accessory (11)

hypoglossal (12)

26
Q

what is the function of the spinal trigeminal nucleus

A

crude touch, temp and pain from ipsilateral face

receives input from 5,7,9,10

27
Q

solitary nucleus

A

a series of purely sensory nuclei (clusters of nerve cell bodies) forming a vertical column of grey matter embedded in the medulla oblongata

contributes to autonomic regulation

cn 8, 9, 10 (7 is part of tract)

28
Q

what are the inputs to the solitary nucleus

A

taste from ant tongue via facial

sensory from ear (auricular branch of vagus)

Chemoreceptors and mechanoreceptors in the carotid body via glossopharyngeal nerve, and aortic bodies via the vagus nerve

29
Q

dorsal motor vagal nucleus (medulla, general visceral efferent)

A

parasympathetic vagal functions in the gastrointestinal tract, lungs, and other thoracic and abdominal vagal innervations.

30
Q

nucleus ambiguous (9,10)

A

innervate the muscles of the soft palate, pharynx, and larynx which are strongly associated with speech and swallowing

also psymp to heart

31
Q

what is the basal plate

A

found in the anterior part of the developing spinal cord, becomes the motor part of the spinal cord
found medially in the brainstem

opposite of alar plate

32
Q

what is the sulcans limitans

A

hole in the developing spinal cord which later becomes the central canal

33
Q

intermediate nerve

A

found between the motor component of the facial nerve and the vestibulocochlear nerve

sensory and psymp fibres of the facial nerve

34
Q

what structures does the abducent nerve travel through

A

cavernous sinus
superior orbital fissure
tendinous ring

35
Q

what structures does the trochear nerve pass through (arises dorsally)

A

cavernous sinus

superior orbital fissure

36
Q

what structures does the occculomotor nerve pass through

A

cavernous sinus
superior orbital fissure
tendinous ring

37
Q

what nerve can be damaged in raised intracranial pressure due to its proximity to the tentorium cerebelli

A

oculomotor

38
Q

what nerve can be damaged in raised intracranial pressure due to it passing upwards on the clivus

A

abducent

39
Q

why do the nerves for eye movement pick up sympathetic fibres

A

they pass close to the sympathetic fibres which form a plexus on the internal carotid artery

40
Q

where is the superior orbital fissure

A

between the lesser and greater wings of the spenoid (lateral wall of orbit)

41
Q

what wall of the orbit does the sphenoid bone make

A

lateral

42
Q

what modalities does the occulomotor nerve contain

A

somatic motor
psymp from edinger westphal
sympathetics from the carotid plexus

43
Q

what way does the eye turn in an occulomotor nerve injury (due to sup oblique and lateral rectus)

A

downwards and laterally

upper eyelid droops

44
Q

sympathetic part of occulomotor

A 
pupil dilation (nasocilliary)
smooth muscle part of levator palpebrae superioris
45
Q

parasympathetic part of occulomotor

A

synapses in the ciliary ganglion (from E-W nucleus)

pupil constriction
lens accommodation via cilliary muscle

46
Q

what controls the lacrimal gland

A

psymp system

facial nerve

MD4001 Anatomy (45 decks)

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