DR - root of neck

Question 1

what features can be seen on the first rib

Answer 1

scalene tubercle

impressions made by subclavian vessels

Question 2

what are the boundaries of the root of the neck

Answer 2

line from the manubrium, along the clavicle to the coracoid process, along the upper border of the scapula to T1

encompasses both the thoracic and axillary inlets

Question 3

where is the right recurrent laryngeal nerve given off

Answer 3

anterior to the first part of the right subclavian artery
it winds under the artery and passes upwards in the groove between the oesophagus and trachea
enters deep to the inferior constrictor of pharynx

Question 4

where is the phrenic nerve

Answer 4

lies behind the prevertebral fascia
passes inferomedially over scalenus anterior

enters the thoracic inlet close to the internal thoracic artery
lies between the subclavian vein and artery

Question 5

what does the external jugular vein drain into

Answer 5

subclavian vein

Question 6

what separates subclavian vein and artery

Answer 6

scalenus anterior

Question 7

what joint does the subclavian artery pass posterior to when entering the neck

Answer 7

sternoclavicular joint

Question 8

when does the subclavian artery become the axillary artery

Answer 8

outer border of the first rib

posterior to scalenus anterior

Question 9

what structures cross the right subclavian artery

Answer 9

vagus nerve, vertebral and internal jugular veins

Question 10

what structures cross the left subclavian vein

Answer 10

left phrenic nerve and terminal part of the thoracic duct

Question 11

what are the branches of the first part of subclavian

Answer 11

vertebral artery, thyrocervical trunk, internal thoracic artery

Question 12

describe the course of the vertebral artery

Answer 12

arises from the first part of subclavian

passes posteriorly through a deficit in prevertebral fascia to enter the foramina transversaria of 6th to 1st cervical vertebrae

Question 13

what artery does the thoracic duct lie anteriorly to on the left side

Answer 13

vertebral artery

Question 14

what are the branches of the thyrocervical trunk

Answer 14

inferior thyroid, suprascapular and transverse cervical

Question 15

describe the inferior thyroid artery

Answer 15

posterior to the neurovascular triangle, passes upwards to the thyroid gland
gives off an inferior laryngeal branch
closely related to the recurrent laryngeal nerve
supplies the thyroid gland

Question 16

what is the function of the suprascapular artery

Answer 16

arterial anastomosis around the scapula

provides a subsidiary route for blood to pass from the subclavian artery to axillary artery when either artery is blocked

Question 17

describe the transverse cervical artery

Answer 17

crosses the posterior triangle towards trapezius

takes part in anastomosis around the scapula

Question 18

what is the internal thoracic artery a branch of

Answer 18

the third branch of the first part of subclavian

Question 19

what are the branches of the costocervical trunk

Answer 19

deep cervical and supreme intercostal branches

supplies the upper to intercostal spaces and apex of the lungs

Question 20

where can the trunks of the brachial plexus be seen

Answer 20

behind scalenus anterior, they lie of scalenus medius deep to prevertebral fascia

Question 21

where is the left vagus nerve

Answer 21

lies between the left common carotid artery and the left subclavian artery, behind the subclavian vein

Question 22

where is the left reccurent laryngeal nerve

Answer 22

passes under the aorta and ligamentum arteriosum

Question 23

what are the coverings of the apex of the lung

Answer 23

cervical pleura and suprapleural membrane

Question 24

where is the summit of the lung apex

Answer 24

2.5 cm above the medial third of the clavicle

Question 25

what is the function of the suprapleural membrane

Answer 25

gives rigidity to the thoracic inlet in order to prevent distortion during respiratory changes of intra thoracic pressure

Question 26

where is the cervical sympathetic trunk

Answer 26

posterior to the carotid sheath, medial to the vagus and anterior to the prevertebral fascia

Question 27

where is the superior cervical ganglion

Answer 27

level of the 2nd and 3rd cervical vertebrae

Question 28

where is the middle cervical ganglion

Answer 28

anterior aspect of c6 transverse process

Question 29

what is the stellate ganglion

Answer 29

the inferior cervical ganglion and the first thoracic ganglion joined together

Question 30

where is the stellate ganglion

Answer 30

anterior to the neck of the first rib

Question 31

what side is the thoracic duct on

Answer 31

left

Question 32

describe the course of the thoracic duct

Answer 32

ascends from the thorax, arches posterior to the carotid sheath and then passes anterior to the subclavian artery to meet the junction of the internal jugular and subclavian veins

Question 33

where does the oesophagus start

Answer 33

C6

Question 34

what nerve carries the skeletal muscle motor innervation of the oesophagus

Answer 34

vagus

Question 35

what side does the oesophagus lie on

Answer 35

left side of the medial plane