Structure And Function Mod 1 Flashcards
What is the definition of anatomy?
The study of body parts in humans and animals
What is the definition of physiology?
The study of how body parts in human and animals work
Define atrophy
Give an example
Body structure can vary in size and decrease in size when an organ is not used
Atrophy is a natural part in aging
What is the structural levels that create a human body?
Atom->Molecule->Cell->Tissue->Organ->Organ System->Organism (Body)
Define the chemical level in the body
It is the simplest level within the structural hierarchy
It includes the smallest building blocks or matter (ATOMS), they combine to form molecules which combine to form organelles.
List the order of the chemical level
Atoms->Molecules->Organelles
Define the cellular level
Made up of smallest living matter (THE CELL)
Each type of cell carries out a set of unique tasks in the human body
Define the tissue level
A group of similar cells that have a common function
Contains 2 different types of cells
What are the four basic types of tissues?
Epithelial
Connective
Muscle
Nervous
Define the organ level
A structure is composed of at least 2 different tissue that perform a specific function in the body
Define the organ system level
Give an example
One or more organs that work in unison to do a task.
Example: The heart and blood vessels work together to circulate blood through the body to give oxygen and nutrients to the cells
Define the organismal level
The highest level of organization
All structural functions working together
Define anterior and posterior
Anterior-front of the body also known as ventral
Posterior- back of body also known as dorsal
Define superior and interior
Superior-above
Inferior-below
Define medial and lateral
Medial-toward the midline
Lateral-away from the midline
Define proximal and distal
Proximal-toward a point of origin ex. Up the legs and arms
Distal-away from the point of origin ex. Down the arms and legs
Define deep and superficial
Deep: farther into the body surface ex. A deep cut that needs stitches
Superficial: away from the body ex.paper cut
What is in the dorsal cavity?
The brain and spinal cord
What 2 cavities are in the ventral cavity? and what separates them?
Thoracic cavity and the abdominalpelvic cavity
The diaphragm
What 2 cavities are divided from the thoracic cavity and what organs are inside?
The mediastinum cavity (trachea & heart)
The pleural cavity (lungs)
Define homeostasis
When internal conditions remain stable regardless of external factors things that need to be in balance is pH, temperature, sugars.
Give an example of a positive feedback loop
When an output of a system gets amplified with a positive gain and added to the signal before the amplifier
Give an example of a negative feedback loop
Reducing the output of an organ or a system back to its normal functioning range
What are the three independent components in homeostasis?
Receptor, control centre and effector
